Books by Hendrik Kraay

This collection of articles focuses on the Afro-Brazilian culture of the state of Bahia in northeastern Brazil and its linkage to politics during the 19th century up until modern times. Central issues facing Afro-Brazilians are examined, including their relationship with the State.

Focusing on the military institutions (army, militia, and National Guard) of Bahia, Brazil, this book analyzes the region's transition from Portuguese colony to province of the Brazilian Empire. It examines the social, racial, and cultural dimensions of post-independence state-building in one of the principal slave plantation regions of the Americas.

The book analyzes the official and popular celebrations on the Brazilian empire's days of national festivity to elucidate elite and popular understandings of the imperial state in the capital city.