Books by Hiyam Hassan Kadhem

Topology is a branch of mathematics, developed mainly from analysis. One of the basic tools of topology is mapping, which topologists defined several kinds of it. The type we will concentrate upon in this work is confluent mapping which had been denominated by Professor B. Knaster and introduced in 1964 at first by J. J. Charatonik in 1964, and he explained that these mappings are generalizations of both the class of monotone mappings and the class of open mappings.