Books by Erik J. Zurcher

This revised edition builds upon the twin themes of Turkey's continuing incorporation into the capitalist world and the modernization of state and society.

Universal conscription has been the main form of military recruitment in the 19th and 20th centuries. This study of the subject focuses on Ottoman Turkey, Egypt (where some of the most extreme forms of conscription occurred), Iran, central Asia and the Balkans.

Shows that Kemal's 'ideological toolkit', which included positivism, militarism, nationalism and a state-centred world view, was shared by several Young Turks. This book focuses on the attempts of the Young Turks to save their empire through forced modernization and on the attempts of their Kemalist successors to build a strong national state.