Books by Federica Russo

In addition, it develops procedures for seeking evidence of mechanisms, for evaluating evidence of mechanisms, and for combining this evaluation with evidence of association in order to yield an overall assessment of effectiveness.

This investigation into causal modelling presents the rationale of causality; i.e. what guides reasoning in causal modeling. In contrast to the dominant paradigm, it argues that causal models are governed by a variation, rather than regularity or invariance.