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This comprehensive book describes the design, synthesis, mechanisms, characterization, fundamental properties, functions and development of self-healing smart materials and their composites with their allied applications. It covers cementitious concrete composites, bleeding composites, elastomers, tires, membranes, and composites in energy storage, coatings, shape-memory, aerospace and robotic applications. The 21 chapters are written by researchers from a variety of disciplines and backgrounds.
The 21 chapters in this book presents a comprehensive overview of flexible supercapacitors using engineering nanoarchitectures mediated by functional nanomaterials and polymers as electrodes, electrolytes, and separators, etc. for advanced energy applications. The various aspects of flexible supercapacitors, including capacitor electrochemistry, evaluating parameters, operating conditions, characterization techniques, different types of electrodes, electrolytes, and flexible substrates are covered. This is probably the first book of its type which systematically describes the recent developments and progress in flexible supercapacitor technology, and will be very helpful for generating new and innovative ideas in the field of energy storage material for wearable/flexible industry applications.
In diesem Werk werden Polysaccharide unter sämtlichen Aspekten betrachtet, von den Grundkonzepten bis zur kommerziellen Vermarktung. Thema der einzelnen Kapitel sind die verschiedenen Arten von Quellen, die Klassifikation, Eigenschaften, Charakterisierung, Verarbeitung, Rheologie und Herstellung von Materialien auf Grundlage von Polysacchariden sowie von Polysaccharid-Gemischen und -Gelen. Anwendung finden Polysaccharide u. a. in der Kosmetik, der Lebensmittelwissenschaft, der Medikamentenverabreichung, der Biomedizin, der Biokraftstoffproduktion, der Schifffahrt, im Verpackungswesen, in der Chromatographie und der Umweltsanierung. Darüber hinaus vermittelt das Werk einen Überblick über die Herstellung von anorganischen und Kohlenstoff-Nanomaterialien aus Polysacchariden. Mit der Betrachtung industrieller Anwendungen schließt das Buch die Lücke zwischen der Forschungsarbeit im Labor und wirtschaftlich nutzbaren Anwendungen in entsprechenden Unternehmen.
This book aims to explore basic principles, concepts and applications of geochemistry. Topics include chemical weathering, impacts on living beings and water, geochemical cycles, oxidation and redox reactions in geochemistry, isotopes, analytical techniques, medicinal, inorganic, marine, atmospheric, and environmental applications, as well as case studies. This book helps in understanding the chemical composition of the earth and its applications. It also includes beneficial effects, bottlenecks, solutions, and future directions in geochemistry.
Die Energieerzeugung aus Solarzellen hat weltweit Beachtung gefunden, denn sie bietet einige interessante Eigenschaften. So ist sie eine günstige erneuerbare Technologie, sie ist skalierbar, leicht, flexibel, vielseitig, es entstehen keine Treibhausgasemissionen, sie ist umweltfreundlich und wirtschaftlich, und die Betriebskosten sind im Vergleich mit anderen Formen der Stromerzeugung relativ niedrig. Somit steht die Solarzellentechnik an der Spitze der auf erneuerbaren Energien beruhenden Technologien, die in der Telekommunikation, in Kraftwerken, Kleingeräten und Satelliten zum Einsatz kommen. Um eine Anwendung im großen Maßstab zu ermöglichen, lässt sich das Design der Solarzellen verändern, und es wird der Einsatz neuer Materialien erforscht, die eine Steigerung der Leistung sowie eine Senkung der Kosten ermöglichen. Fundiertes Fachwissen über das Solarzellendesign ist somit von grundlegender Bedeutung für alle, die in der Industrie und im akademischen Bereich nach Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für diese Erkenntnisse suchen.Dieses Werk bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über Solarzellen und stellt die Geschichte ihrer Entwicklung dar. Es werden verschiedene aktuelle Szenarien erläutert in Bezug auf das Solarzellendesign, die Klassifizierung, Eigenschaften, verschiedene Halbleitermaterialien, Dünnschichten, Wafer-Ebene, transparente Solarzellen und vieles mehr. Darüber hinaus werden Analysewerkzeuge zur Charakterisierung von Solarzellen und theoretische Modellierungen beschrieben, und es werden Praktiken zur Verbesserung des Umwandlungswirkungsgrads sowie Anwendungen und Patente dargestellt.
Water is one of the most precious and basic needs of life for all living beings, and a precious national asset. Without it, the existence of life cannot be imagined. Availability of pure water is decreasing day by day, and water scarcity has become a major problem that is faced by our society for the past few years. Hence, it is essential to find and disseminate the key solutions for water quality and scarcity issues. The inaccessibility and poor water quality continue to pose a major threat to human health worldwide. Around billions of people lacking to access drinkable water. The water contains the pathogenic impurities; which are responsible for water-borne diseases. The concept of water quality mainly depends on the chemical, physical, biological, and radiological measurement standards to evaluate the water quality and determine the concentration of all components, then compare the results of this concentration with the purpose for which this water is used. Therefore, awareness and a firm grounding in water science are the primary needs of readers, professionals, and researchers working in this research area.This book explores the basic concepts and applications of water science. It provides an in-depth look at water pollutants' classification, water recycling, qualitative and quantitative analysis, and efficient wastewater treatment methodologies. It also provides occurrence, human health risk assessment, strategies for removal of radionuclides and pharmaceuticals in aquatic systems. The book chapters are written by leading researchers throughout the world. This book is an invaluable guide to students, professors, scientists and R&D industrial specialists working in the field of environmental science, geoscience, water science, physics and chemistry.
Rapid industrialization and urbanization associated with the environment changes calls for reduced pollution and thereby least use of fossil fuels. Biofuel cells are bioenergy resources and biocompatible alternatives to conventional fuel cells. Biofuel cells are one of the new sustainable renewable energy sources that are based on the direct conversion of chemical matters to electricity with the aid of microorganisms or enzymes as biocatalysts. The gradual depletion of fossil fuels, increasing energy needs, and the pressing problem of environmental pollution have stimulated a wide range of research and development efforts for renewable and environmentally friendly energy. Energy generation from biomass resources by employing biofuel cells is crucial for sustainable development. Biofuel cells have attracted considerable attention as micro- or even nano-power sources for implantable biomedical devices, such as cardiac pacemakers, implantable self-powered sensors, and biosensors for monitoring physiological parameters.This book covers the most recent developments and offers a detailed overview of fundamentals, principles, mechanisms, properties, optimizing parameters, analytical characterization tools, various types of biofuel cells, all-category of materials, catalysts, engineering architectures, implantable biofuel cells, applications and novel innovations and challenges in this sector. This book is a reference guide for anyone working in the areas of energy and the environment.
Dieses Werk vermittelt umfangreiche Kenntnisse über die Geschichte und Grundlagen moderner Biodüngemittel, insbesondere über aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse, die Herausforderungen und Zukunftsperspektiven. Behandelt werden die Herstellungsprozesse sowie verschiedene Arten von Biodüngemitteln mit ihrer Anwendung in Landwirtschaft, Umweltschutz, Forstwirtschaft und der Industrie. Auch Themen wie ökologischer Landbau, Qualitätskontrolle, Qualitätssicherung, Lebensmittelsicherheit und Fallstudien über Biodüngemittel werden kurz umrissen. Gründliche Erklärungen finden sich zu den physikalischen Eigenschaften, den Einflussfaktoren, Auswirkungen und dem Branchenprofil auf dem Markt. Dieses Buch ist ein unverzichtbarer Leitfaden für Landwirte, Agrochemiker, Umweltingenieure, Wissenschaftler, Studenten und Dozenten, die sich eingängiger mit der Wissenschaft hinter nachhaltigen Düngemitteln, Bodenchemie und Agrarökologie befassen möchten.
Dieses Werk vermittelt einen umfassenden Überblick über zahlreiche Themen im Zusammenhang mit der Biodiesel-Technologie und verwandten Anwendungen. Die einzelnen Kapitel beschäftigen sich mit der Geschichte, den Eigenschaften, Rohstoffen, Herstellungsmethoden, Parametern, Formulierungen und Reaktoren, der Katalyse, Transformation, Analyse, In-situ-Spektroskopie sowie mit den zentralen Problemen und Anwendungen der Biodiesel-Technologie. Behandelt werden darüber hinaus die Themen Biodiesel-Verfahren, Extraktionsstrategien, Bioabfallverwertung, oleochemische Rohstoffe, nicht-essbare Rohstoffe, heterogene Katalysatoren sowie Patente und Fallstudien. Dabei werden die Fortschritte, Herausforderungen, künftigen Richtungen und die neuesten kommerziellen Biodiesel-Technologien im Detail betrachtet. Dieses Werk ist ein wertvoller Leitfaden für Fachleute, Dozenten, Studenten, Chemieingenieure, Biotechnologen und Umweltschützer, die sich mit der Forschung und Entwicklung von Biodiesel-Technologie befassen.
2D Monoelements: Properties and Applications explores the challenges, research progress and future developments of the basic idea of two-dimensional monoelements, classifications, and application in field-effect transistors for sensing and biosensing.The thematic topics include investigations such as:* Recent advances in phosphorene* The diverse properties of two-dimensional antimonene, of graphene and its derivatives* The molecular docking simulation study used to analyze the binding mechanisms of graphene oxide as a cancer drug carrier* Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived carbon (graphene and carbon nanotubes) and MOF-carbon composite materials, with a special emphasis on the use of these nanostructures for energy storage devices (supercapacitors)* Two-dimensional monoelements classification like graphene application in field-effect transistors for sensing and biosensing* Graphene-based ternary materials as a supercapacitor electrode* Rise of silicene and its applications in gas sensing
The explores the cutting-edge technology of polymer coatings. It discusses fundamentals, fabrication strategies, characterization techniques, and allied applications in fields such as corrosion, food, pharmaceutical, biomedical systems and electronics. It also discusses a few new innovative self-healing, antimicrobial and superhydrophobic polymer coatings. Current industrial applications and possible potential activities are also discussed.
This important book focuses on the fabrication methods and design of corrosion-resistant, magnetic, biodegradable, and shape memory alloys. An alloy is an engineered material that is a mixture of one or more metals with nonmetallic elements. The search for innovative technologies to meet the needs of efficient and sustainable production has motivated the research and development of new alloy materials. A well-defined combination of elements can create a very stable alloy with improved corrosion resistance in a wide range of adverse environments, such as automotive, robotics, aerospace, marine, and other industries. Alloy Materials and Their Allied Applications provides an in-depth overview of alloy materials and applications. The 11 chapters focus on the fabrication methods and design of corrosion-resistant, magnetic, biodegradable, and shape memory alloys. The industrial applications in the allied areas, such as biomedical, dental implants, abrasive finishing, surface treatments, photocatalysis, water treatment, and batteries, are discussed in detail. This book will help readers solve fundamental and applied problems faced in the field of allied alloys applications. Audience It is an invaluable reference guide for researchers, R&D professionals, engineers, industrial experts and postgraduate students working in the field of solid-state chemistry and physics, metallurgy, and materials science.
This comprehensive book explores the history, fundamentals, manufacturing processes, optimization parameters, and applications of electrospun materials. There are numerous innovative and fundamental science motivations to create one-dimensional/three-dimensional nanofiber materials, and much research attention has been given to them over the recent past. This book provides a comprehensive overview of electrospun nanofiber materials and looks at the history, fundamentals, significant parameters, design fabrication strategies, suitable precursors and solvent control parameters of electrospun fibres. It includes various types of electrospun materials such as antimicrobial, smart, bioinspired systems, and so on. The electrospun materials have applications in areas such as energy storage, catalysis, biomedical, separation, adsorption, and water treatment technologies. The book emphasizes the enhanced sustainable properties of electrospun materials, with the current and future challenges being discussed in detail. The 17 chapters are written by top-class researchers and experts from throughout the world. Audience This book will be very useful for researchers, scientists and engineers in polymer chemistry, electrospinning engineering, fibres technology, materials science and materials designers who need to consider the morphological design of materials for versatile applications.
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