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This book describes the principles of integrated assessment models (IAM) for climate change economics and introduces various computable models for different development mechanisms under climate change governance.
Deleuze and Adorno are two of the most influential thinkers in the twentieth century, especially in the post-war period. The book is a comparative study of their philosophies. It focuses on the ways these two radically different thinkers attempt to break away from the primacy of identity and pursue freedom and the new. This attempt is the common logic of difference shared by them. On the other hand, such a logic of difference is expressed in two opposite ways: Deleuze's positive constructivism and Adorno's negative dialectics. The irreconciled opposition is present in every respect of their theories. The book aims to reveal the similarity and the difference between the two thinkers, and then examine the root that causes the similarity and the distinction. The contrast is helpful to deepen the understanding of the concept of difference, and should be instructive for those who are interested in Deleuze or Adonor or postmodern culture.
Vocabulary usually presents one of the biggest challenges in FL learning. This book explores a new approach called the Strategy-based Constructivist Approach (SBCA) to enhance self-directed vocabulary learning. It assumes that learners should discover and construct new word knowledge actively in an authentic environment based upon their existing mental lexicon, working either by individual or through collaboration. The utilization of processing-involved and interactive vocabulary learning strategies is highlighted as a crucial component in this approach. Diversified and meaningful tasks are expected to stimulate that utilization to realize the SBCA in a basic way; and learning medium, learning processes and learning paths are the additional factors for improving that utilization to realize the SBCA effectively. For the development of a courseware package to achieve the effective realization of the SBCA, a new framework for language courseware engineering is formulated with explicitness, systematicity and practicability; new vocabulary learning processes are proposed to facilitate students' utilization of vocabulary learning strategies in a rational way; and learning paths addressing students' different learning styles are designed to achieve individualized learning. A vocabulary learning courseware prototype called Learning Vocabulary In Domain is ultimately developed. This book illuminates the direction of future research on vocabulary learning in FL learning.
New studies reveal that automatic and robotic welding can partially emulate a skilled human welder's intelligent behavior. This book presents research on various application issues confronting artificial intelligence welding.
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