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This study examines the concept of "party leadership" as used by officials in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. It argues that the term was employed to both disguise and signal officials' efforts to lead the party and analyzes how it affected ideological education and the administration of the Soviet economy.
For more than a millennium, the Byzantine Empire presided over the juncture between East and West, as well as the transition from the classical to the modern world. Jonathan Harris, a leading scholar of Byzantium, eschews the usual run-through of emperors and battles and instead recounts the empire's extraordinary history by focusing each chronological chapter on an archetypal figure, family, place, or event. Harris's action-packed introduction presents a civilization rich in contrasts, combining orthodox Christianity with paganism, and classical Greek learning with Roman power. Frequently assailed by numerous armies-including those of Islam-Byzantium nonetheless survived and even flourished by dint of its somewhat unorthodox foreign policy and its sumptuous art and architecture, which helped to embed a deep sense of Byzantine identity in its people. Enormously engaging and utilizing a wealth of sources to cover all major aspects of the empire's social, political, military, religious, cultural, and artistic history, Harris's study illuminates the very heart of Byzantine civilization and explores its remarkable and lasting influence on its neighbors and on the modern world.
Hundreds of ready-to-use model letters for handling various sales situations. Aimed at the busy sales rep, each letter can be used as it is or can be quickly modified to suit. The chapters follow the progression of the sales cycle.
Deals with the internal evolution of the regime in the final years of Soviet power. This book examines the contradictory approaches, taken by Gorbachev in relation to the role and organization of the Communist Party, which paralyzed the party as a functioning political organization and provoked a dynamic that led to the fall of the system.
By 1400, the once-mighty Byzantine Empire stood on the verge of destruction. Most of its territories had been lost to the Ottoman Turks, and Constantinople was under close blockade. Against all odds, Byzantium lingered on for another fifty years until 1453, when the Ottomans dramatically toppled the capitals walls. During this bleak and uncertain time, ordinary Byzantines faced difficult decisions to protect their livelihoods and families against the death throes of their homeland. In this evocative and moving book, Jonathan Harris explores individual stories of diplomatic maneuverings, covert defiance, and sheer luck against a backdrop of major historical currents and offers a new perspective on the real reasons behind the fall of this extraordinarily fascinating empire.
Studying the art, writing, and critique of the three leading art writers of the latter twentieth century with focus on canonical modern artists, the author brings us the study to assess the development of modern art writing.
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