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Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: Despite crises and uncertainty in international capital markets, foreign direct investment (FDI) by multinational enterprises (MNE) is booming. The buzzword is globalization. The business world is expected to be moving closer together through more or less recent developments in communication technologies and transportation facilities. The political ideal of democracy along with a liberalization of national economies seems to have finally gained the recognition it deserves as the system that in the end allows for the best utilization of wealth creating endowments. Besides differences in economic development, cultural differences remain as a single important means of distinguishing between people from several nations. The critical issue is that this situation is being recognized and mankind restrains from emphasizing distinctions, and instead focuses an working out compatibility between cultures. Culture has been given the attribute of being responsible for economic performance by several scholars over the past decade. The original aim has been at explaining the continuous growth of the economies of Asian NICs which, however, came to an abrupt and widely unexpected end an 2 July 1997. Still the importance of culture seems to have been underestimated, otherwise the crisis might have been foreseeable. If cultural factors are of significant importance for overall economic performance, i.e. an the macro-economic level, they must be of at least the same importance for the performance of companies that work within the particular culture, i.e. an the micro-economic level. In this case, not only local but international investors in particular are affected by their respective cultural environment as two - or even more - different cultures have to be brought to work together. Obviously, a consensus has to be found between influences from home and host country culture. This situation often is expected to be a threat to the economic performance of the MNE. However, no existing culture in the world today can be viewed as superior to others in all aspects. Moreover, each culture has positive as well as negative factors. A MNE then, if it is able to effectively bring together several cultures in order to achieve one common goal, should be able to make use of the positive sides of the cultures at its different locations. Dunning & Bansal analyze the effects of culture an multinational enterprises applying John H. Dunning's ?Eclectic [¿]
Although much of classical ergodic theory is concerned with single transformations and one-parameter flows, the subject inherits from statistical mechanics not only its name, but also an obligation to analyze spatially extended systems with multidimensional symmetry groups. However, the wealth of concrete and natural examples which has contributed so much to the appeal and development of classical dynamics, is noticeably absent in this more general theory. The purpose of this book is to help remedy this scarcity of explicit examples by introducing a class of continuous Zd-actions diverse enough to exhibit many of the new phenomena encountered in the transition from Z to Zd, but which nevertheless lends itself to systematic study: the Zd-actions by automorphisms of compact, abelian groups. One aspect of these actions, not surprising in itself but quite striking in its extent and depth nonetheless, is the connection with commutative algebra and arithmetical algebraic geometry. The algebraic framework resulting from this connection allows the construction of examples with a variety of specified dynamical properties, and by combining algebraic and dynamical tools one obtains a quite detailed understanding of this class of Zd-actions.
Klaus Schmidt has been a pioneer in the concept and process of inclusive, or holistic, branding as an integral - indeed leading - element in corporate strategy. This book explains the genesis and characteristics of the holistic approach, including its dimensions, structure and methodology, then demonstrates its startling relevance to today's pressing global business issues. Compelling case studies from leading organisations in a variety of industries show the practical necessity of holistic brand thinking, and its results.
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