Books by Mahmood Shehab

There are several elements that lead to abortion all associated with human reproduction. Among the most important factors are genetic and uterine abnormalities, immunological dysfunctions and endocrine, environmental pollutants, infectious agents, psychogenetic factors and endometriosis. Moreover, Stress, pollutants, smoking etc. also escalate the risk of miscarriage. The ability of the fetus to withstand infectious organisms is limited and the immune system is unable to preclude the dissemination of infectious organisms to various tissues, therefore, some maternal infections, particularly during the early gestation, can cause fetal loss or malformations. TORCH is a term used to describe Toxoplasmosis, Cytomegalovirus infection, Rubella virus and Herpes Simplex virus infection. The aforementioned collections of infections represent the main risks of critical congenital infection throughout pregnancy, which could eventually lead to fetal harm or further anomalies. The infection sometimes may be so serious that it could lead to grave damage to the fetus more than the mother in most cases.