Books by Muhammad Ashraf

Wireless sensor Networks (WSNs) are highly vulnerable to security attacks due to their reliance on wireless communication. Sensor nodes in WSNs are tiny in size and are supplied with limited energy resources and processing capabilities. These energy and hardware¿resource-constrained nodes, without suitable safeguards, may be compromised by adversaries. Several en-route filtering schemes have been proposed to filter out false data en-route. However, almost all such schemes presuppose a conventional underlying routing protocol without regard to the attack status and energy dissipation behavior along the path. This book presents fuzzy-based adaptive selection of the intermediate verification nodes and data forwarding paths with dynamic authentication key dissemination to achieve better energy saving. Fuzzy rule-based scheme potentially balances the load between data forwarding paths, chooses the most suitable path for data forwarding, and generates fresh authentication keys and shares with the intermediate verification nodes. Genetic algorithm-based optimization technique automatically optimizes the membership functions in the fuzzy system.

Towed hydrophone arrays are used for determining the spatial characteristics of the underwater acoustic fields. The assumption that the hydrophone array lie in straight line is often made when the beamforming the hydrophone outputs. But when vessel turns, the direction-of-arrival estimation will be critically degraded if the array shape was still to be assumed straight. In this paper, an effective method was used to estimate the shape of towed array. The influence of the observed deformations in the shape of towed array on the performance of different DOA algorithms such as CBF, MUSIC and MVDR are discussed with simulated and real acoustic data.