Books by Philip T. Hoffman

Shatters the myth that traditional agricultural societies in early modern Europe were socially and economically stagnant. Through a detailed historical investigation of the peasant agriculture of ancien-regime France, this book uncovers evidence that requires an understanding of what constituted economic growth in such societies.

The startling economic and political answers behind Europe's historical dominanceBetween 1492 and 1914, Europeans conquered 84 percent of the globe. But why did Europe establish global dominance, when for centuries the Chinese, Japanese, Ottomans, and South Asians were far more advanced? In Why Did Europe Conquer the World?, Philip Hoffman demonstrates that conventional explanations-such as geography, epidemic disease, and the Industrial Revolution-fail to provide answers. Arguing instead for the pivotal role of economic and political history, Hoffman shows that if certain variables had been different, Europe would have been eclipsed, and another power could have become master of the world. Hoffman sheds light on the two millennia of economic, political, and historical changes that set European states on a distinctive path of development, military rivalry, and war. This resulted in astonishingly rapid growth in Europe's military sector, and produced an insurmountable lead in gunpowder technology. The consequences determined which states established colonial empires or ran the slave trade, and even which economies were the first to industrialize. Debunking traditional arguments, Why Did Europe Conquer the World? reveals the startling reasons behind Europe's historic global supremacy.

When financial institutions collapse, new ones take their place, shaping markets for generations to come. This book explains why financial crises occur, why their effects last so long, and what political and economic conditions can help countries both rich and poor survive, and even prosper, in the aftermath.