Books by Robert A. Birmingham

A comprehensive overview of the Indian mounds of Wisconsin, discussing who built the mounds, and when and why they were built. It uses evidence drawn from archaeology, ethnography, ethnohistory, linguistics, and the traditions and beliefs of present-day Native Americans in the Midwest.

Between AD 700 and 1100 Native Americans built more effigy mounds in Wisconsin than anywhere else in North America, with an estimated 1,300 mounds at the center of effigy-building culture in and around Madison, Wisconsin. This book explores the cultural, historical, and ceremonial meanings of the mounds.