Books by Robert D. Lee

This book examines the efforts of Muhammad Iqbal, Sayyid Qutb, 'Ali Shari'ati, and Mohammed Arkoun, deeply influenced by European thinking, to find a truth beyond tradition and modernity-an "authentic" understanding of Islam upon which Muslims can build a future.

This book analyzes the relationship between religion and politics in the Middle East through a comparative study of five countries: Egypt, Israel, Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia. Lee examines each country in terms of four domains in which state and religion necessarily interact: national identity, ideology, institutions, and political culture.

This book examines the efforts of Muhammad Iqbal, Sayyid Qutb, 'Ali Shari'ati, and Mohammed Arkoun, deeply influenced by European thinking, to find a truth beyond tradition and modernity-an "authentic" understanding of Islam upon which Muslims can build a future.

A comparative analysis of the interacting influences of politics and religion in shaping liberal democratic development in five Middle Eastern countries.