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Energy is most important for economic growth and human development. Every day, we come across food, vegetable wastes and other organic wastes that have huge potential to uplift the society in a better way, when these are transformed into useful bioenergy. To produce bioenergy from biomass one of the better options is to utilize these potential wastes to transform it into biogas. Today, the entire world is looking for different alternative fuels. Biogas is one of the good alternative fuels, energy rich and is well suited as domestic fuel, for heating purposes and power generation. The sources available for the production of biogas are fruit, vegetable wastes and agricultural residues. Biogas from such solid wastes primarily constitutes of methane, carbon dioxide and other trace gases. It is a clean fuel with a calorific value between 5000 to 5500 kcal/kg. There are two methods available for the production of biogas from organic wastes (Dry and Wet Processes). The dry processes include combustion and pyrolysis, whereas the wet processes include anaerobic digestion, gasification and fermentation. This book will be especially useful for Chemical, Mechanical & Agricultural Engineers.
Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut or enlarge a hole of circular cross-section in solid materials. The drill bit is pressed against the work piece and rotated at rates from hundreds to thousands of revolutions per minute. This forces the cutting edge against the work piece, cutting off chips from the hole as it is drilled. Drilling operations are conducted on the E Glass epoxy fiber reinforced pieces with 12 mm and 8 mm diameter drills with 118 deg. and 120 deg. point angles with different cutting parameters. The cutting parameters are spindle speed ¿ 1000 rpm and 2500 rpm, Feed ¿ 0.2 mm/rev for 8 mm drill tool and 0.35 mm/rev for 12 mm drill tool. Cutting tool material is HSS. Forces are calculated using theoretical calculations. 3D modeling is done in Creo 2.0 and analysis is done in Ansys. Analysis is performed and the stresses, displacements are compared for three materials Aluminum, Titanium alloy and E Glass Epoxy. By observing the analysis results, the stresses and displacements are less for E Glass Epoxy than Aluminum alloy and Titanium. This book will be especially useful for Mechanical & Metallurgical Engineers.
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