Books by Ussama Makdisi

The complex relationship between America and the Arab world goes back further than most people realize. In Artillery of Heaven, Ussama Makdisi presents a foundational American encounter with the Arab world that occurred in the nineteenth century...

A provocative account of the decayed relationship between the U.S. and Arab world, and a powerful recommendation for how it can be salvaged

Focusing on Ottoman Lebanon, this title shows how sectarianism was a manifestation of modernity that transcended the physical boundaries of a particular country. It challenges those who have viewed sectarian violence as an Islamic response to westernization or simply as a product of social and economic inequities among religious groups.