Books by William J. Reese

Despite claims that written exams narrowed the curriculum, ruined children’s health, and turned teachers into automatons, once tests took root in American schools their legitimacy was never seriously challenged. William Reese puts today’s battles over standards and benchmarks into perspective by showcasing the history of the pencil-and-paper exam.

And How can history help illuminate contemporary concerns about the nature and character of America's schools? Americans have long invested considerable time, energy, and emotion in their schools, both private and public, and a knowledge of history helps explain why.

And How can history help illuminate contemporary concerns about the nature and character of America's schools? Americans have long invested considerable time, energy, and emotion in their schools, both private and public, and a knowledge of history helps explain why.