Local History

The Stained Glass of St. Paul's visually explores the meaning and heritage preserved in the stunning stained-glass windows of a historic Chattanooga church. Created to memorialize loved ones and highlight timeless truths from the Bible, these windows collectively tell a much larger story addressing some of our deepest questions about life and death, joy and suffering, God and humanity. Built in 1888, St. Paul's Episcopal Church displays 28 works of 19th and 20th century stained-glass art. St. Paul's collection, spanning over 100 years, preserves the memories of some of Chattanooga's earliest citizens, such as Judge Hugh Whiteside, Chattanooga's first native-born mayor; Sarah Key Patten, a Southern matriarch whose love for nature helped to birth Chattanooga as an outdoor destination; and "Little Miss Mag" Andrews, whose tragic death inspired a cherished downtown childcare center. This carefully researched text, begun by the late Jasper A. Reynolds Jr., and completed by his son Jasper III, invites readers into the meaning of each window: its artistic style, biblical symbolism, and connection to local families and history. Illustrated with luminous photographs by Ed Barels, The Stained Glass of St. Paul's highlights a spiritually impactful piece of southern American decorative arts.

This is the must-have guidebook for anyone visiting Palm Springs and for anyone living in or around this desert resort city. What to See in Palm Springs was written by writer, journalist, and historian John Stark, a full-time Palm Springs resident and tour guide. His descriptive words and high-end photographs of Palm Springs are meant to transform you from a casual sightseer to a knowledgeable, well-informed tourist. This beautiful book is at home in your car or on your coffee table.With more than 300 pages and 200 photographs (many historical), the book provides an in-depth, A-to-Z look at everything you'll want to see. Many of these sites are only known to Palm Springs' residents. All can be seen from your car windows, most are free. Many sites include "Detours," which are related places you can see also visit by car. John's research and reporting takes you behind the scenes of the sites you're seeing. To ensure accuracy, he worked with the Palm Springs Historical Society and the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians to separate myth from fact.What to See in Palm Springs includes John's one-on-one interviews with innovative architects who have made Palm Springs the modernist capital of the world. The book delves into Palm Springs' celebrity past with discussions and photographs of the stars' lives and homes here. As a former Senior Writer at People magazine, John personally interviewed many of these late, great stars that he talks about in his tours and in this book. Through historical archives you'll meet the strong women who founded this desert town, feminists long before their time. Dozens of historical photos add to the book's depth, knowledge and enjoyment. There's a front-of-the-book historical overview and chronology, and a back-of-the-book map. There's even a never-before-published photograph of Marilyn Monroe being discovered in Palm Springs. What to See in Palm Springs is a guidebook like no other!

The History Of Silver Lake is a captivating book that takes you on a journey through time. With over 135 photos and 20 eclectic chapters, this book will transport you to eras worth reliving. Whether you're reading for your own pleasure or sharing the book with loved ones, this is a treasure to be cherished for generations to come.Searching through old county archives, the authors found no formal account of Silver Lake's centuries-long history. Local lore was often strikingly different from historical facts. The advancing age of first hand witnesses created a sense of urgency to recover historical evidence for this tale of the lake's evolution. Through deeds dating back to Pennsylvania's founding, and interviews with long-time residents, they unveil both events of the day and the evolution of the lake from a wilderness wetland to a utilitarian mill pond, now a thriving community.From a 6th-grade class's unexpected role in historical preservation to a tragic twist in a clever business venture, each chapter offers stories of family, faith, war, and renewal. If you enjoy storytelling and seek a deeper understanding of the past, join the authors and meet the people who played key roles in Silver Lake's rich history.

There is the story the Lone Star State likes to tell about itself--and then there is the reality, a Texas past that bears little resemblance to the manly Anglo myth of Texas exceptionalism that maintains a firm grip on the state's historical imagination. Lone Star Mind takes aim at this traditional narrative, holding both academic and lay historians accountable for the ways in which they craft the state's story. A clear-sighted, far-reaching work of intellectual history, this book marshals a wide array of pertinent scholarship, analysis, and original ideas to point the way toward a new "usable past" that twenty-first-century Texans will find relevant.Ty Cashion fixes T. R. Fehrenbach's Lone Star: A History of Texas and the Texans in his crosshairs in particular, laying bare the conceptual deficiencies of the romantic and mythic narrative the book has served to codify since its first publication in 1968. At the same time, Cashion explores the reasons why the collective efforts of university-trained scholars have failed to diminish the appeal of the state's iconic popular culture, despite the fuller and more accurate record these historians have produced.Framing the search for a collective Texan identity in the context of a post-Christian age and the end of Anglo-male hegemony, Lone Star Mind illuminates the many historiographical issues besetting the study of American history that will resonate with scholars in other fields as well. Cashion proposes that a cultural history approach focusing on the self-interests of all Texans is capable of telling a more complete story--a story that captures present-day realities.

This book is a tapestry of unbroken historical threads stretching from 1868 to the present day. Stitched together by newspaper, local museums and universities, uncovered photographs, ancestry research and narrative histories that have unspooled throughout the annals of Shadyside's history. In the center 5522 Walnut St. A building that was constructed in the 1890s and has been a card shop since the 1970s. What is the deeper story if we take a core sample of this one location? This one building?We find that 5522 Walnut St. was, at first, a home. A home, I would come to learn, with a front and rear address complete with a backyard. Families lived and loved between its walls as early as the 1890s and as recent as the 1940s. Furthermore, from 1893 to the present day no fewer than 9 businesses have operated out of its address. Not the least of which was during the 1950s when an after-hours speakeasy called the Hollywood Social Club was located on the second floor and, at some point, the mob was involved with ownership.There was mystery here. There was magic here. There was love. There was death. But most importantly, there was, and is, a community spanning generations that stretches the entire reach of Walnut St. and beyond into Shadyside proper. A community whose records allowed me to stitch this history into what you see before you: a tapestry woven into a book. A book that is a gift to my wife, Amanda Blair. Owner of Kards Unlimited at 5522 Walnut St.

Sunrise Homeland weaves a captivating tale of friendship and spirit of adventure against the backdrop of 1920's Long Island. World War One, troop-transport ship SS Tuscania is torpedoed by a German U-Boat, and young U.S. Army Pursuit pilot, Damian Fitzgerald's life takes an unexpected turn. Thrown into the waters off Scotland, Damian's harrowing experience leads him to a fateful encounter with nurse Olivia Burton and childhood friend Lawrence Sperry. Despite facing permanent injury and the end of his flying career, Damian finds new purpose and camaraderie through Sperry's innovative aviation ventures. As a post war period of great technological change and aviation innovation emerges, Sunrise Homeland paints a vivid picture of rural Long Island at the cusp of change and invites readers to explore the Island's rich history and enduring spirit.

Two Sams, based on historical documents and oral history, traces the journey of an African-American family from slavery in Rhode Island and Virginia, through the American Revolution, and on to the hardships of life as Black Loyalists in colonial Nova Scotia. Sam the father tells the story from the family's time in slavery, escape to freedom, and participation on the British side in the American War of Independence. After the war, when the family has moved to the British colony of Nova Scotia, Sam the son takes up the tale, when the Black Loyalists have to try to survive with little food, poor housing, few tools, and persistent white racism.

"Celebrating Modjeska in California: History of Helena Modjeska Art & Culture Club" is a 428-page case study of a Polish-American organization, active since 1971. This volume reveals the interests, activities, accomplishments, and challenges of successive waves of Polish immigrants to California, especially the generation of the Displaced Persons (survivors and veterans of World War II, mostly interwar Polish intelligentsia), and of the Solidarity-era immigrants. The book is dedicated to "all Polish émigrés and exiles dispersed throughout the world who remained faithful to the Polish language and culture," especially to all the volunteers of the Modjeska Club, promoting Polish culture in California. Organized into ten chapters, the book starts from a biography of the Club's patron, Polish actress Helena Modjeska (Modrzejewska, 1840-1909); a survey of Polish Americans and their organizations in California; and a biography of the Club's founder, actor-director Leonidas Dudarew-Ossetyński (1910-1989). Six chapters are dedicated to distinct "eras" in the Club's history: the Kingdom of Leonidas (1971-1978), the times of Solidarity immigrants (1978-1989), the Third Republic of Poland (1989-1998), the period of stabilization and status quo (1998-2010), the arrival of new people and ideas (2010-2018), and surviving challenges (2018-2023). The tenth chapter is a summary with conclusions and recommendations. The book includes an index and many illustrations from the archives of: the Modjeska Club, Polish Museum of America in Chicago, Valerie Dudarew-Ossetyńska Hunken - the founder's daughter, American Council of Polish Culture, and other private and public archives. All net revenue is donated to the Modjeska Club. The author, Maja Trochimczyk, Ph.D., a Polish American music historian, poet, photographer and non-profit director, served as President of Modjeska Club in 2010-12 and since 2018.

Historic published accounts of Mooney's Tannery in Columbus, Indiana between the years 1881 and 1910. Includes introduction and index. Labor and labor disputes, fire and accidents, early telephones, famous visitors, crime and romance and more.

Alleghany Images by Jeff Halsey & Claire Brooks.Alleghany Images features beautiful, selected photographs from the digital archive of the Alleghany Historical Museum, a project of the Alleghany Historical - Genealogical Society in Sparta, North Carolina.With careful photographic restoration, research, book design and prepress services by Claire Brooks and Jeff Halsey at Imaging Specialists, Inc.The book was developed to help raise money for the Alleghany Historical Museum which receives a portion of the proceeds from sales. For more information on the museum project, visit: ahgs.org.The cover photo is of the Halsey Ferry that operated at Mouth of Wilson, Virginia. It comes from Bill Irwin.

Mining Irish-American Lives focuses on the importance and influence of the Irish within the mining frontier of the American West. Scholarship of the West has largely ignored the complicated lives of the Irish people in mining towns, whose life details are often kept to a bare minimum. This book uses individual stories and the histories of different communities--Randsburg, California; Virginia City, Nevada; Leadville, Colorado; Butte, Montana; Idaho's Silver Valley; and the Comstock Lode, for example--to explore Irish and Irish-American lives. Historian Alan J. M. Noonan uses a range of previously overlooked sources, including collections of emigrant letters, hospital logbooks, private detective reports, and internment records, to tell the stories of Irish men and women who emigrated to mining towns to search for opportunity. Noonan details the periods, the places, and the experiences over multiple generations in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He carefully examines their encounters with nativists, other ethnic groups, and mining companies to highlight the contested emergence of a hyphenated Irish-American identity. Unearthing personal details along with the histories of different communities, the book investigates Irish immigrants and Irish-Americans through the prism of their own experiences, significantly enriching the history of the period.

History of the North Arkansas Baptist Association: Volume 2 is a chronicling of mission history of the churches and their members, reaching out from their own Jerusalem, located in four counties in northwest Arkansas, to the uttermost part of the world. It follows churches and individuals as they go on mission to meet physical and spiritual needs unmet by a world that is blind to their cries.It contains the life history of fifty-six-plus congregations as they grow in number and spirit, reaching their individuals with the claims of discipleship under Jesus Christ. Pastors, too, are highlighted in the histories of their pilgrimages in the faith.The history is a must-read for every believer, both to give encouragement regarding the past mission advance and to challenge would-be missionaries and the churches that support them.

What do you know about Richwood, Ohio? You might think it's just another small town in the Midwest, but you'd be surprised by the rich and colorful history that lies behind its streets and buildings. In this book, you'll discover some of the stories that shaped this town, from its founding in 1832 to the present day.You'll learn about how Richwood was affected by Prohibition, the nationwide ban on alcohol that sparked controversy and crime. You'll witness the struggle for women's suffrage in Richwood, and how local women fought for their right to vote. You'll visit the Old Richwood Cemetery, where you'll find the graves of some of the town's most notable residents. And you'll see how the Richwood Civic Center, once a place for the community's senior citizens, builds affordable housing long before it was deemed necessary.

Get the most updated and complete information about visiting Ghost Trains of the North Maine Woods!Discover what to bring so you don't get stranded, how to get there, the NEW hiking trail and parking area, and awesome things most people overlook at Tramway Historic District like the boarding house foundation and a crystal-clear well! Also included in the book are scenic and awesome nearby hot spots and side trips like Ripogenus Gorge and the Debsconeag Ice Caves for those who want more adventure! The book is packed with over 40 full-color pages of maps, photos, and information including GPS coordinates of things to see at the site and the history of the two different logging operations that took place at the Tramway Historic District in the early 1900s.Adventure Guide to Maine's Abandoned Ghost Trains tells you everything you need to know about hiking to the Ghost Trains of Maine! Wondering where to park, what to bring, or how long the trip will be? Or how much it will cost, what to do if you encounter a moose or bear, and what else you can see while visiting the area? All that and more is covered in the Adventure Guide to Maine's Abandoned Ghost Trains! You'll feel confident and prepared to head out into the North Maine Woods region knowing the best time to go, what to bring, and how to stay safe.An Unforgettable ExperienceAdventure Guide to Maine's Abandoned Locomotives is a full-color book with detailed maps and directions for driving and hiking to visit the trains. The book includes what to bring and entrance fees into the Northern Maine Woods region, the history of the abandoned locomotives and the two different logging operations that took place here in the early 1900s, and other awesome places to explore and hikes in the area so you can make your trip an epic multi-day adventure! The book also includes GPS coordinates for the parking area, trailhead, and everything you'll want to see at the site including the well, boarding house foundation, flagpole, benchmarks, and of course, the trains!Never Before Released InformationThe book includes additional information that has never been published like key features of the Tramway Historic District that most people overlook, with GPS coordinates.Order your copy of the Adventure Guide to Maine's Abandoned Ghost Trains now and get ready to start planning the adventure of a lifetime for you and your group!Adventure Guide to Maine's Abandoned Ghost Trains Includes: Detailed driving directions and maps from both Greenville/Kokadjo and Millinocket/MedwayDetailed hiking maps with GPS coordinates of everything to see at Tramway Historic DistrictEntrance fees to the Northern Maine WoodsParking areaTravel timesThings to know before you goWhat to bringOther area side adventures and awesome places to exploreHistory of the locomotivesPhotos of the locomotives and artifacts in the surrounding area***PLEASE NOTE***The information in this book and maps are intended for trip planning purposes only and are not for navigation. Maine's trails and routes can change daily without notice due to weather conditions, logging operations, landowner requests, etc.

"Alberta is a puzzle, born in hope and anger," William Thorsell writes in the introduction to this stunning new book by filmmaker and writer Tom Radford. Following the lives of his grandparents Peggy and Balmer Watt, Radford tells the story of two journalists who arrive in Edmonton the first day of the province's life, September 1, 1905, as Prime Minister Wilfred Laurier announces Alberta as the great hope for "Canada's Century" that lies ahead. But Albertans already have a contrary vision in mind, a government strong enough to challenge the constitution that binds them. Peggy and Balmer find themselves in the midst of a conflagration that will last a century - their marriage falls apart, their newspapers go bankrupt, and Alberta veers towards the extremist politics of today.Balmer defends the freedom of the press and helps win the first Pulitzer awarded outside the United States. Peggy chronicles her own story, "A Woman in the West." Seen from our time, the lives of these two remarkable journalists introduce the angels and devils of Alberta history - the siren call of a Last Best West that once again jeopardizes Canada's future.

George Alfred Townsend was a special war correspondent for the Philadelphia Press and New York Herald during the Civil War. He followed McClellan's Army of the Potomac and Pope's Army of Virginia in the spring and summer of 1862, filing dozens of dispatches to his editors. Finally, after suffering from the effects of 'swamp fever, ' he took a two-year break in Europe, where he lectured about his experiences. Townsend returned to the war front in 1865 and - assuming the pen name of "GATH" - was the first correspondent to describe the war's climax at Five Forks. He released his memoir in 1866, detailing his personal experiences and recollections of the Civil War and those dramatic days. This Hardtack Books reissue of Campaigns of a Non-Combatant is not a facsimile of the original work. Instead, it reimagines Townsend's work in a modern font with dozens of illustrations and editorial footnotes that contextualize the original narrative.

Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada, is a classical and a rare book, that has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and redesigned. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work, and hence their text is clear and readable. This remarkable book falls within the genres of United States local history, Pacific States

The Mountains of Oregon, is a classical and a rare book, that has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and redesigned. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work, and hence their text is clear and readable. This remarkable book falls within the genres of United States local history, Pacific States

Sixteen months at the gold diggings, is a classical and a rare book, that has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and redesigned. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work, and hence their text is clear and readable. This remarkable book falls within the genres of United States local history, Pacific States

Mr. Dide, His Vacation in Colorado, is a classical and a rare book, that has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and redesigned. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work, and hence their text is clear and readable. This remarkable book falls within the genres of United States local history, Rocky Mountains. Yellowstone National Park

A Mountain Boyhood, is a classical and a rare book, that has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and redesigned. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work, and hence their text is clear and readable. This remarkable book falls within the genres of United States local history, Rocky Mountains. Yellowstone National Park

Mountains and molehills; Or, Recollections of a burnt journal, is a classical and a rare book, that has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and redesigned. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work, and hence their text is clear and readable. This remarkable book falls within the genres of United States local history, Pacific States

Thomas Hariot, The Mathematician, the Philosopher and the Scholar, is a classical and a rare book, that has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and redesigned. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work, and hence their text is clear and readable. This remarkable book falls within the genres of United States local history, The South. South Atlantic States

The Silverton Story, is a classical and a rare book, that has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and redesigned. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work, and hence their text is clear and readable. This remarkable book falls within the genres of United States local history, Rocky Mountains. Yellowstone National Park

Three Days on the Ohio River, is a classical and a rare book, that has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and redesigned. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work, and hence their text is clear and readable. This remarkable book falls within the genres of United States local history, Ohio River and Valley.

Sinners and Saints, is a classical and a rare book, that has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and redesigned. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work, and hence their text is clear and readable. This remarkable book falls within the genres of United States local history, New Southwest. Colorado River, Canyon, and Valley

"Beyond their worthiness and to be selfish, the recording and preservation of the Italian American history and experience in Stamford is important to all of us. History can give us not only a sense of belonging to a given political, social, and geographical area, but a sense of shared human achievement. Everyone makes some kind of a contribution, either negative or positive, to the progress of civilization that, taken collectively, has meaning. Without recording this local history, it is very likely that this meaning would become lost. If we do not document and save it for the future, no one else will or worse someone could alter it to serve their own purposes. Often, we do not realize the important impact that this documentation has until it is too late. I will not let this happen. Italian Americans have now gotten to a point where their cultural differences are much more widely accepted (for instance pizza is one of the most favorite foods not only in the U.S. but the world) and have become so assimilated that we are more worried about retaining our ethnicity and customs. Documentation is key here as well."-from "The Prologue"

A sweeping history of New York's urban development that chronicles the making of one of the world's great cities. Between the 1880s and the 1930s, New York City experienced explosive growth, as nearly a million buildings, half a dozen bridges, countless tunnels and subway tracks, and miles of new streets and sidewalks were erected to meet the needs of an ever-swelling population. This landscape--jagged with skyscrapers, clamoring with transit, alive with people--made the city world-famous. Building the Metropolis offers a revelatory look at this era of urban development by asking, "Who built this and how?" Focusing on the work of architects, builders, and construction workers, Alexander Wood chronicles the physical process of New York's rapid expansion. The city's towering buildings and busy thoroughfares aren't just stylish or structural marvels, Wood shows, but the direct result of the many colorful personalities who worked in one of the city's largest industries. New York's development boom drew on the resources of the whole community and required money, political will, creative vision, entrepreneurial drive, skilled workmanship, and hard physical labor. Wood shows this to be a national story as well. As cities became nodes in a regional, national, and global economy, the business of construction became an important motor of economic, political, and social development. While they held drastically different views on the course of urban growth, machine politicians, reformers, and radicals alike were all committed to city-building on an epic scale. Drawing on various sources, including city archives, the records of architecture firms, construction companies, and labor unions, Building the Metropolis tells the story of New York in a way that's epic, lively, and utterly original.

The southern climate, with its heat, oppressive humidity, and stagnant marshland, accentuated disease and suffering for inhabitants of the Old South, from its early settling through the Civil War and Reconstruction. Vicious illnesses--from malaria and yellow fever to dysentery, cholera, typhoid fever, typhus, and smallpox--beleaguered those dwelling in the South and was blamed on the particular combination of air, earth, and water characteristic of those southern territories. As the rhetoric of southern sectionalism blossomed in the early nineteenth century, so did a growing feeling of southern distinctiveness in health issues. Sickly Vapors: Disease and Doctoring in the Old South is an examination of the unique circumstances of health and disease that shaped southern living and culture before, during, and after the Civil War. Through archival records, contemporary anecdotes, and scientific literature, Thomas Helling, MD, explores the intricacies of health and healthcare for an agrarian population which, by virtue of its location, was inordinately vulnerable to sicknesses and epidemics. With the influx of enslaved Africans, a new set of healthcare issues were introduced. Given the region's peculiar climate, ethnic makeup, and customs, southern doctors adopted an attitude of distinctiveness themselves. As a result, southern medical progress became increasingly isolated from northern colleagues. The destructiveness of the Civil War finally provided the impetus for true integration with northern practices in the rapidly changing science of medicine and surgery. Yet, with the regeneration of a medical elitism in postbellum years, southern doctors clung to nostalgic notions of southern culture and southern medical distinctiveness. In this compelling volume, Helling explains how the predominant mindset of southern particularity guided regional interpretation of illness, therapeutic decisions, and medical education, foreboding a healthcare system embedded, still, with institutional racism.

Contributions by Janet Allured, Craig E. Colten, Marcus Cox, Pearson Cross, John Bel Edwards, Adam Fairclough, Keith Finley, Samuel C. Hyde Jr., John Lopez, and Robert Mann In the fall of 2022, a diverse group of scholars including scientists, historians, political scientists, geographers, and journalists, along with Governor John Bel Edwards, gathered to present views on the challenges that define life in Louisiana. Born out of the symposium, Bayou Dilemma: Louisiana in Crisis and Change is an unprecedented compilation that examines the social, political, environmental, and economic hurdles pervasive to the Gulf South and especially the Bayou State. The essays collected in the volume illuminate pressing problems confronting Louisiana and its surrounding environs, as well as some of the least known and most frequently misunderstood issues that have affected the state in the past. Topics include the problems of flood control, unequal treatment for African Americans and women, political corruption, endemic violence, and partisan applications of justice, as well as the crisis of coastal erosion, the dilemma of special interests shaping legislation, and the corresponding drain of talent from the state to regions offering improved opportunities. The anthology is a provocative and essential guide that reveals how such trials emerged, how they were overcome or managed, and how they continue to shape the Gulf South's regional identity. Concentrating on the future well-being of the state and its occupants, the volume suggests fresh pathways for addressing these lingering concerns.