Join thousands of book lovers
Sign up to our newsletter and receive discounts and inspiration for your next reading experience.
By signing up, you agree to our Privacy Policy.You can, at any time, unsubscribe from our newsletters.
A study of the ancient religions of the world, with a focus on the worship of human spirits and ancestors. Farmer explores the origins and development of these practices in a variety of cultures, drawing upon a range of historical and archaeological evidence. An illuminating look at the spiritual beliefs of our distant ancestors.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
August Sauer beschreibt in dieser Rede die Bedeutung von Literaturgeschichte und Volkskunde für das Verständnis der Kultur und der Gesellschaft. Er zeigt auf, wie diese Disziplinen helfen können, die Wurzeln der nationalen Identität zu verstehen und zu schützen. Dieses Werk ist ein wichtiger Beitrag zur Geschichte und Kultur der Region.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Uncover the stories and legends surrounding the mysterious Rollright Stones in England through a combination of prose and poetry. From ancient folklore to modern-day interpretations, F.C. Rickett delves deep into the history behind one of the most intriguing prehistoric sites in the UK.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Written with the assistance of local informants, this book offers readers a fascinating insight into Cape Verdean folk culture, including superstitions, legends, and traditional customs. This volume is part of the Hispanic Society of America's ethnographic survey of the Cape Verde Islands.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Questa opera presenta una raccolta di novelle-cantilene popolari che ruotano attorno a dodici parole della verità , nelle diverse versioni italiane e straniere. Stanislao Prato offre un'analisi avanzata e un'introduzione alla storia di questa narrazione folcloristica.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
This collection of legends and folklore from the Pacific Northwest features tales of Native American mythology and supernatural creatures. With beautiful illustrations and a rich sense of history and culture, this book is perfect for anyone interested in legends and storytelling.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
In this fascinating study of the festivals and folklore of Gilgit, Ghulam Muhammad provides a window into the rich cultural traditions of this remote region of Pakistan. Muhammad's firsthand accounts and engaging narrative make this book a rare and valuable resource for ethnographers and cultural historians.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
New York Times bestselling author Rebecca Zanetti explores the forbidden in this twist on Beauty and the Beast - the first in a seductive new dark romance series
« Imaginer le paradis c¿est déjà assez compliqué. En musique, bien plus encore. L¿enfer, le paradis on en parle, cela fait partie des mythes et du langage courant. Ceux qui y sont, les élus, nous regardent du haut, s¿ennuient et veulent encore exister en inventant, en créant sans trop réfléchir. Nous les rencontrons, artistes et surtout musiciens, mêlés sans le vouloir à nos problèmes petits et grands que nous rencontrons en bas. C¿est aussi une réflexion sur notre quotidien qui nous mènera à Vienne, ville phare de la musique. »
Embark on a captivating journey through Alice Lenkiewicz's collection of Adult Fairy Tales, where imagination thrives. Explore stories of transformation, the passage of time, and the enchantment of memories. Alice weaves feminist narratives, celebrating solitude, nature, and enduring love. Dive into empowering tales as women discover strength in fantastical settings. Alice combines magic and gothic elements, unveiling layers of mystery. Her storytelling engages readers in the enchanting interplay between fantasy and reality. Join this imaginative journey into the depths of the human experience-a surreal retreat for those seeking a unique escape.
Take a fascinating journey with our book "Native American Cultures: Myths and magic" Explore the astonishing diversity of beliefs, values, and myths that have been passed down from generation to generation.These mythical stories, many of them linked to the literary genre of fantasy, reveal a world where the divine and the human intertwine in narratives that explain the cosmic order, creation, and the fundamental structure of the universe. Discover how these sacred tales bear witness to the deep connection of the natives with nature and spirituality.This book challenges deep-seated stereotypes and offers an enriching perspective that contributes to a more comprehensive and respectful appreciation of the indigenous peoples of North America. Through an understanding of their myths and beliefs, we are taking an important step toward cultural reconciliation and the recognition of the diversity that has enriched the history of this continent.In its reading, you will discover a millennia-old legacy of rich and varied cultures that remain an essential part of North America. Within these pages, you will find a treasure trove of myths that connect the past with the present, offering a unique insight into a world where the extraordinary is everyday.Native American chiefsL earn about the rich traditions and myths of the indigenous peoples, exploring their deep connection to bison hunting. Discover how this majestic creature was fundamental to their lives, providing essential food, clothing and tools. In their way of life, hunting was carried out sustainably and with deep respect for animals.Through these stories, know the hunters and bosses who worshipped the bison, such as Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse. This book challenges rooted stereotypes and offers an enriching perspective that highlights the importance of bison hunting in native culture.Immerse yourself in a millennial legacy of rich and varied cultures that honored bison as a symbol of life and sustainability and that has left a legacy to the present generations.Spirituality and MagicLearn about the rich fabric of spirituality and magic that has defined North American native cultures for centuries. Native American Cultures: Myths and magic takes you on a fascinating journey, where mystical beliefs and myths reveal the deep connection between the earthly and the transcendental. Explore how these mythical narratives not only explain the cosmic order and structure of the universe, but also its profound relationship with nature and spirituality.T his book challenges rooted stereotypes by offering an enriching insight into the magical beliefs that have enriched North American history. It opens a window to a world where the extraordinary is an integral part of everyday life. Reading these pages, you will discover that spirituality and magic are not only part of the history of these peoples, but also a living and relevant tradition that deserves to be understood and respected in all its depth.
Among our most meaningful challenges as Heathens and polytheists is to get to know all of our Gods and Goddesses to some degree, even if we are most devoted to just one or a few of them. Often, becoming more familiar with Heathen Deities and other spiritual beings whom we don't know well requires different perspectives and new ways of interacting with them. This is an anthology for Heathens who have gone beyond the basics and want to move on to deeper understanding and more varied spiritual relationships, perspectives, and practices. It does not cover all of the Heathen Deities, but it contains the distillation of thirty years of Heathen practice with many of them, including many who are less well-known. Though this book is divided into three parts, "Heathen Holy Ones," "Wights," and "Heathen Spiritual Practices," in truth everything written here is either about spiritual practice, or the result of spiritual practice. Heathen spiritual practices are embedded throughout the book. Thought-provoking essays, research articles, tales, poems, prayers, ideas and guidelines for enhancing Heathen spiritual practice, lively illustrations: many approaches are offered here for Heathen spiritual expansion. This anthology is a call toward spiritual adventure, an invitation to wander on Heathen ways of inspiration and discovery.
"Never forget, Little Fish - a Lure is just an illusion, a thing pretending to be something else. If you can remember that, you'll be just fine."For generations, the lessons of The Six Lures have been passed down from fish to fish, and over a long weekend in Far Grotto, Little Fish learns from his Auntie Perch how to navigate the dangers of Big River, and stay safe in a world where things aren't always what they seem.A short book with a simple message, Little Fish and The Six Lures is a story not just for fans of fly fishing, but those hoping to share important life lessons with a young person they care about.
For over a century, the Journal of American Folklore has been the go-to publication for anyone interested in the rich and varied traditions of American folklore. With articles covering everything from music and dance to food and folk art, this journal is a treasure trove of insights into the cultural heritage of the United States. Whether you are a scholar or simply a lover of folklore, the Journal of American Folklore is an essential read.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Descubre la Riqueza de los Mitos Nativos de NorteaméricaEn un viaje fascinante con Culturas Nativas de Norteamérica: Mitos, Historias y Tradiciones, explora la sorprendente diversidad de creencias y mitos que han sido transmitidos de generación en generación.Estas historias míticas, vinculadas al género literario de la fantasía, revelan un mundo donde lo divino y lo humano se entrelazan en relatos que explican el orden cósmico, la creación y la estructura fundamental del universo. Descubre cómo estas narraciones sagradas son un testimonio de la profunda relación de los nativos con la naturaleza y la espiritualidad.El libro desafía estereotipos y ofrece una perspectiva que contribuye a una apreciación más completa de los pueblos originarios. A través de la comprensión de sus mitos y creencias, damos un paso importante hacia la reconciliación cultural y la valoración de la diversidad que ha enriquecido la historia de AméricaEn su lectura descubrirás un legado de culturas variadas que son una parte esencial de Norteamérica. En estas páginas, encontrarás un tesoro de mitos que conectan el pasado con el presente, ofreciendo una visión única de un mundo donde lo extraordinario es cotidiano.Héroes y Grandes JefesDescubre a los personajes y jefes míticos que han poblado la imaginación de estas culturas. Desde la figura sabia de Cocopah o el gran líder Toro Sentado, estas narraciones revelan un mundo donde lo divino y lo humano se entrelazan. El libro desafía prejuicios, y también ofrece una perspectiva enriquecedora que contribuye a una apreciación más respetuosa de los pueblos originarios. A través de la comprensión de sus mitos y creencias, estamos dando un paso importante hacia la reconciliación cultural y la valoración de la diversidad que ha enriquecido la historia de este continente.Mitos y TradicionesConoce las ricas tradiciones y mitos de los pueblos nativos, explorando su profunda conexión con la caza del bisonte. Descubre cómo esta majestuosa criatura era fundamental en sus vidas, proporcionando alimento, ropa y herramientas esenciales. En su modo de vida, la caza era realizada de manera sostenible y con profundo respeto por los animales.A través de estas historias, conoce a los cazadores y jefes que veneraban al bisonte, como Toro Sentado y Caballo Loco. Este libro desafía los estereotipos y ofrece una perspectiva enriquecedora que resalta la importancia de la caza del bisonte en la cultura nativa. Sumérgete en un legado milenario de culturas ricas y variadas que honraban al bisonte como un símbolo de vida y sostenibilidad y que ha dejado un legado a las generaciones actuales.Magia y espiritualidadAprende sobre el rico tejido de espiritualidad y magia que ha definido las culturas nativas de Norteamérica durante siglos. Este libro te lleva a un viaje fascinante, donde las creencias místicas y los mitos revelan la conexión profunda entre lo terrenal y lo trascendental. Explora cómo estas narraciones míticas no solo explican el orden cósmico y la estructura del universo, sino también su profunda relación con la naturaleza y la espiritualidad.El texto abre una ventana a un mundo donde lo extraordinario es parte de la vida cotidiana. Leyendo estas páginas, descubrirás que la espiritualidad y la magia no solo son parte de la historia de estos pueblos, sino también una viva y relevante tradición.
A Journey into Paganism: Rediscovering the Ancient Ways by William Jones is a captivating and insightful exploration of the ancient spiritual traditions that have captivated humanity for centuries. Delving deep into the roots of Paganism, this book takes readers on an illuminating expedition, uncovering the timeless wisdom and practices that continue to resonate with modern seekers.Drawing from historical research and personal experiences, William Jones unravels the rich tapestry of Pagan beliefs, rituals, and deities. From the sacred groves of the ancient Celts to the mythic pantheon of the Norse, the author provides a vivid and comprehensive understanding of the diverse Pagan traditions that have woven themselves into the fabric of human spirituality.Through engaging storytelling and in-depth analysis, readers are transported to a world where nature is revered as sacred, and the cycles of life are honored with profound rituals and celebrations. From the wheel of the year to the significance of solstices and equinoxes, this book reveals the significance of Pagan festivals and their enduring relevance in contemporary times.A Journey into Paganism is not just a historical account but also a guide for those seeking to embrace Pagan practices in their own lives. With a focus on personal growth, self-discovery, and connection with nature, the author offers practical insights and exercises to enrich one's spiritual journey and deepen their relationship with the divine.As readers immerse themselves in the pages of this book, they will encounter the transformative power of Pagan magic and spellwork. Through careful explanations and examples, William Jones demystifies the art of working with energies and harnessing the forces of the universe to manifest one's intentions.More than just a religious path, Paganism is presented as a way of life that encourages harmony, respect, and interconnectedness with all living beings. The author delves into the concept of ethics and the inherent responsibility that comes with walking the Pagan path, nurturing a deep sense of reverence and stewardship for the Earth.A Journey into Paganism: Rediscovering the Ancient Ways is an enlightening and immersive experience, embracing readers with the timeless wisdom and beauty of Pagan spirituality. Whether you are a seasoned Pagan practitioner or a curious soul seeking spiritual awakening, this book offers a profound understanding of the ancient ways and their continued relevance in the modern world. Embark on a transformative journey and rediscover the profound connection between humanity, nature, and the sacred within.
Sagen können uns darüber erzählen, wie das Leben der Menschen damals, vor Hunderten von Jahren, ausgesehen hat. Die ältesten Sagen, die wir kennen, sind die Zwergen- und Riesensagen.Und hier kommt der Zwergenjunge Gewek ins Spiel, der sowohl den Kindern als auch sagen- und geschichtsinteressierten Erwachsenen von seinem Leben erzählen möchte:"Hallo Leute, mein Name ist Gewek. Ich bin ein Zwergenkind und lebe am Rand des Grinderwalds. Genauer gesagt, liegt mein Zuhause in einem Waldstück namens "Krähe". Das ist ganz in der Nähe von Stöckse. Stöckse wiederum liegt in der Nähe von Nienburg und Nienburg gar nicht so weit weg von Hannover und Bremen. Jetzt kannst du dir sicher vorstellen, wo das ungefähr ist."Komm mit in Geweks Welt! Lerne das große Zwergenreich seines Vaters, König Gülig, kennen und erlebe Geweks Abenteuer, die ihren Ursprung in Sagen haben, die sich die Menschen rund um die "Krähe" und den Grinderwald schon vor Hunderten von Jahren erzählten!
These African fables are part of the traditional folklore of African peoples in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Botswana, and Gabon. African culture is enriched by such lessons that provide universal wisdom and instruction for all of us no matter what our culture or background. Every story is illustrated with a cartoon and an accompanying African proverb or saying to enhance the lesson. These stories are written for an elementary school aged level but may be used for all ages.
Eine einfühlsame Neuerzählung voller poetischer Bilder und unerwarteter WendungenGrau und schwarz, so ist die Welt in ihrem Dorf. Grau ist der Alltag, schwarz sind ihre Ängste und Selbstzweifel. Eines Tages läuft sie einfach los in den Wald, der ihr verboten ist. Dort begegnet sie dem Wolf und ... Das wilde Tier in ihr wird geweckt und plötzlich ist ihre Welt voller Rot: das Rot der Rosen, der Liebe und des Lebens.In jedem Märchen steckt etwas Wahres. A. Mohrs Rotkäppchen erzählt uns von den Wahrheiten des Frau-Werdens. Das Mädchen fühlt sich fremd im eigenen Körper, in ihrem Dorf, in ihrem Leben. Die Gefahr trägt ein schönes Gesicht und die wahre Liebe ein wildes. Mutter und Großmutter müssen zusammen mit der jungen Frau wachsen und ihr eigenes Glück finden. Und Rotkäppchen lernt, wie gut es tut, ihren Gefühlen freien Lauf zu lassen und einfach mal mit den Wölfen zu heulen!Für Erwachsene, Heranwachsende und alle, die sich selbst suchenIch bin eine Rose.Ich bin eine Wölfin.Ich bin Rotkäppchen.
Peranticus weilt zu Besuch auf dem Wolkenschloss der Sturmwindfamilie. Als Bewahrer aller jemals erzählten oder aufgeschriebenen Märchen hatte er von der wundervollen Bibliothek der Winde erfahren. So kommt er auch in den Genuss der Geschichte um Mara und ihre Suche nach den fünf geheimen Büchern. Zu ihrem Erfolg haben einige Geschichten wesentlich beigetragen. Lassen wir uns also verzaubern von einem helfenden Feuerfunken, lesen wir ein paar Seiten zu wahrer Freundschaft, lernen wir zwei Brüder und zwei Schwestern kennen, die zum einen nicht an ein Ende der Welt glauben und zum anderen mehr als einen Weg in die Zukunft weisen. Wir erleben ein mutiges kleines Mädchen und einen jungen Mann, der seine Freunde wiederfinden will. Doch finden wir auch Verlust und Strafe. Aber dafür sind es Märchen, wo das Gute siegt - meistens jedenfalls. (Auskopplung der Märchen aus "Mara und die Suche nach den fünf geheimen Büchern")
The four Stroud brothers were all born into magic, and when they all come of age their powers will be revealed. It all sounds like a fairytale, but not all magic is good. Their mother embraced the darkness and paid with her life.Finn Stroud was happy working on the family farm until the day his father announced it was time for them all to go out and find their place in the world, and their magic. He and his four brothers knew this was the tradition of the Imagi people who were meant to wield elemental magic, but Finn soon finds how ill prepared he was for the real world.Alwin travels from town to town using his own brand of magic to get what he can from anyone that crosses his path. His luck runs out and he's left along the side of the road in a rainstorm. Finn offers him shelter and Alwin offers to guide him in the ways of magic, but everything has a price. A dark fairytale retelling of The Four Clever Brothers. #mmromance #mmfairytaleromance #mmfairytaleretelling #magicalrealism #gayromance
Ben Edge is a rising star of both the art world and the current folk renaissance. This first trade book of Edge's art, featuring over 200 artworks, is a unique insight into his creative process as well as the first mainstream book to explore the amazing and wildly popular folk customs of the British ritual year.'In his deeply squirrelly, edgy, almost mystic paintings, Ben Edge tries to ask where we all come from and why we tell ourselves the stories we tell ourselves.' – Jerry Saltz'It's time to rediscover the real and this book tells you where to find it. Indispensable.' – Jarvis CockerBen Edge has travelled the length and breadth of Britain recording the weird and wonderful folk customs alive in communities all over the country. In this book, the first trade edition of his art, he shares over 200 paintings and photographs, along with real-life stories, anecdotes and legends. He talks about how connecting with our incredible living folklore helped him recover from depression, and also introduces his idea of folklore activism, suggesting that the current massive resurgence of interest in contemporary folk culture represents ordinary people’s desire to find new ways of envisioning community and caring for and connecting to nature. Readers will be enchanted and inspired by the images and description of: Mass events that are attended by thousands such as the solstices at Stonehenge, the Padstow ‘Obby ‘Oss parade, the Burry Man’s Day and the Straw Bear of Whittlesea.Practices to celebrate the turning wheel of the year, from wassailing to May Day fertility rites to fire festivals to Mumming Plays.The progressive all-female Morris dancing side Boss Morris.The Green Man – how this has become an icon of modern spirituality and eco-consciousness and a personal symbol of mental health recovery to Ben.Standing stones and the mythology surrounding them.Overall the book explores the psyche of British folklore, showing how this has fed into his art and what this means in the context of contemporary life. It's a book about reconnection with nature, each other and the past through art and folklore.
The Prose Edda, also known as the Younger Edda, Snorri's Edda, and simply Edda, was written in Old Norse during the thirteenth century in Iceland. Snorri Sturluson, a distinguished poet, legislator, and frequent visitor to Norway's royal court, determined in 1220 to assemble Norse mythology's narratives and poetic practises before they faded under the influence of Christianity and European poem forms. The Prose Edda is the result, a rare peek into early Norse mythology.
Les mythes racontés dans Moana Reva tirent leur inspiration de l¿îlede Huahine. « La vengeance de Hina » explore les premiers âges dela création de l¿univers par les Dieux, tandis que la seconde aventuremet en scène la princesse Ari¿ipaea vahine, symbolisant le passagevers un nouveau monde. Ces histoires interrogent l¿identité d¿unpeuple, les marqueurs culturels que sont la défense d¿une langue, laconnaissance de son histoire, mais aussi celle du cap que l¿onsouhaite fixer pour son avenir. Si Moana Reva questionne sur dessujets qui touchent intimement à l¿âme M¿¿ohi, ils n¿en sont pasmoins universels.
Do the world's ancient myths hold the secret to recovering your true Self, healing trauma, and leading an authentic life?Mythological researcher David Warner Mathisen provides astonishing evidence showing that they do, and that their profound ancient wisdom lines up with the discoveries of some of the most cutting-edge healers, psychologists, and trauma therapists of the modern day.In his latest book, David adds to the pile of compelling evidence he has already explored, which shows beyond doubt that the ancient myths and sacred stories of cultures from around the world, on every inhabited continent and island of our planet, are based on celestial metaphor -- including the stories and characters found in the books of the Bible.This revelation raises enormous questions about humanity's ancient history: how can the myths of so many cultures be using the same ancient system, as this volume demonstrates using examples from ancient Egypt, ancient India, ancient Japan, ancient Greece, and sacred stories from the cultures of the Pacific, and of Africa, and of the Americas, and of course from the Bible, with astonishing parallels and celestial connections which simply cannot be dismissed as mere coincidence.But this evidence raises another enormous question: What is the purpose of these myths and stories, and what are their celestial metaphors trying to say to us?In this newest book, David shows how these ancient myths are describing the gods who populate our own internal landscape -- and how that understanding relates to our own deepest need: recovery of who we are, through reconnection with our deepest authentic Self. Like the goddess Inanna of ancient Sumer and like Osiris of ancient Egypt, and like Joseph cast into the pit in the book of Genesis and then sold into bondage, Self is indestructible, no matter how much trauma we have suffered, and Self is always available to us, ready to restore harmony among all the multiple gods of our internal family.See the myths in a whole new way by learning about the celestial code or language that they are speaking -- and as you do, you will begin to see your own life in a completely new light, with the promise and potential for healing and transformation that these ancient Star Myths were given to reveal to men and women, down through the millennia.
Sign up to our newsletter and receive discounts and inspiration for your next reading experience.
By signing up, you agree to our Privacy Policy.