Books in the IOP ebooks series

Advances in wide bandgap semiconductor materials are enabling the development of a new generation of power semiconductor devices that far exceed the performance of silicon-based devices. These technologies offer potential breakthrough performance for a wide range of applications, including high-power and RF electronics, deep-UV optoelectronics, quantum information and extreme-environment applications.This reference text provides comprehensive coverage of the challenges and latest research in wide and ultra-wide bandgap semiconductors. Leading researchers from around the world provide reviews on the latest development of materials and devices in these systems.The book is an essential reference for researchers and practitioners in the field of wide bandgap semiconductors and power electronics, and valuable supplementary reading for advanced courses in these areas.Key Features Provides comprehensive coverage of wide bandgap semiconductor-based electronicsCovers both materials and devicesIncludes cutting-edge research not covered in other booksVery experienced editors - they have produced 19 other books in related areas

A must-read for researchers, graduate students and industry professionals who work in the VLC field, this book investigates the suitability of VLC for vehicular communications from a fundamental wireless communication standpoint. Mathematically accurate channel models are developed, and advanced signal processing approaches to overcome challenges such as sunlight interference, shadowing and fast changing channels are described. Results are verified through simulation with realistic parameters.

Principles of Biophotonics, volume two describes detection and statistical representation of optical fields. Beginning by placing the visible spectrum in the context of the electromagnetic frequency range, this presentation stresses how thin of a sliver is normally called the optical spectrum. In addition to describing properties of light with technical accuracy, the most common radiometric quantities are introduced, and conversion to photon-based quantities is explicitly presented. For completeness, an analogy to the photometric quantities is also made, and the three fundamental mechanisms for generating light, blackbody radiation, fluorescence and laser emission, are covered. Each chapter contains a set of practice problems and additional references, and this book aims to build the foundation for further study in subsequent volumes.

This comprehensive review provides a detailed insight into renewable energy options, their current state of development and how they can provide an environmentally sustainable energy future. This second edition is extensively revised and includes the latest advances in the field.

This book offers a detailed introduction into the field of quantum mechanics applied to nuclear structure, and is intended for as a primer for nuclear physics graduate students and postgraduate students seeking a solid foundation in the subject.

The purpose of the book is to provide a comprehensive overview of all the numerical modelling considerations required to model the magnetization of bulk superconductors, with practical examples.

In this book, leading editors and authors in the field review the fundamental properties and the current device technology. A one-stop handbook for researchers wanting to further utilise graphene nanoribbons and a valuable reference text for any interested materials and surface scientists, theoretical properties of graphene nanoribbons are introduced before concentrating on different fabrication methods and their properties out of different experimental characterizations.

Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. This damage disrupts the ability of parts of the nervous system to communicate, resulting in a range of signs and symptoms, including physical, mental, and sometimes psychiatric problems. Written by experts in the field, this second volume includes illustrative figures and valuable references, and will be useful for researchers, students and practitioners in the industry.

This volume covers the state-of-the-art topics that investigate two significant neurological disorders, autism apectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), from the theoretical perspective and also focuses on the practical aspects. The materials are presented in a way that can be beneficial to both advanced and layman readers.

Particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) is one of the latest and mostpowerful flow visualization techniques, using numerous cameras to track flowtracers in two or three dimensions. This book provides a review of both experimentaland computational aspects of PTV for academicand industrial researchers and engineers.

This book reviews the fundamentals, background and theoretical concepts of optimization principles in a comprehensive manner along with their potential applications and implementation strategies. The book will be useful for a wide spectrum of target readers such as research scholars, academics and industry professionals.

An introduction to the statistical thermodynamics of phase transitions in crystallized solids, polymers and liquid crystals. Written as an introductory treatise with respect to the soliton concept, the book examines structural transitions where the crystal symmetry changes, magnets and superconductors, and describes the role of nonlinear excitations in detail.

A Course on Digital Image Processing with MATLAB(R) describes the principles and techniques of image processing using MATLAB(R). Every chapter is accompanied by a collection of exercises and programming assignments, the book is augmented with supplementary MATLAB code, and hints and solutions to problems are also provided.

Biophysical and Chemical Properties of Collagen: Biomedical Applications provides an introduction to the biophysics and chemistry of collagen and its use as a biomedical material in the rapidly changing fields of biomedical device production, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Written by experts in the field, this text will be of interest for researchers as well as lecturers and students.

Classical Mechanics: A professor-student collaboration is a textbook tailored for undergraduate physics students embarking on a first-year module in Newtonian mechanics. This book is a collaboration between Mario Campanelli and students that attended his course in classical mechanics at University College London, based on the course lecture notes w

A learning and revision resource for those studying for radiology fellowship examinations. Updated with more than 50 new questions, and a new chapter on functional and molecular imaging.

This graduate textbook introduces the physics and applications of transport in mesoscopic devices and nanoscale electronic systems and devices. Fully updated and contains the latest research in the field, including nano-devices for qubits. Worked examples, problems, solutions and videos are provided to enhance understanding.

In the course of only a few decades computers have revolutionized scientific research and more and more scientists are writing computer programs for doing their work. In spite of the ubiquitous use of computers in science, few researchers in the natural sciences have any schooling in computer science, software engineering, or numerical analysis. They usually acquire their computing knowledge "on the job" and often feel overwhelmed by the amount of computing knowledge they must absorb. Computation in Science provides a background in computation for scientists who use computational methods. The book explains how computing is used in the natural sciences and provides a high-level overview of relevant aspects of computer science and software engineering with a focus on concepts, results, and applications. The goal of this book is to explain these basic principles, and to show how they relate to the tasks of a scientist''s daily work in a language familiar to them. Its unique feature is in connecting the dots between computational science, the theory of computation and information, and software engineering. It will compensate for the general lack of any formal training in computer science and information theory allowing readers to achieve a better understand how they use computers in their work, and how computers work. Readers will learn to use computers with more confidence, and to see computing technologies in a different light, evaluating them based on how they contribute to doing science.This new edition has been significantly updated and extended to reflect developments in scientific computing, including new examples and references. It also includes a new chapter on reproducibility which reflects the importance that computational reproducibility. Accompanied by a website maintained by the author, which hosts companion code and supplementary material, it is intended for both graduate students and experienced scientists. Some hands-on experience with computing is highly desirable, but no competence in any specific computing technology is expected.Key FeaturesSignificantly updated and enhanced, including a new chapter on reproducibility, it''s one of the first books to include this in the era of the "reproducibility crisis"Updated references to include the latest research resultsAccessible to a broad range of physical and life scientists with no formal training in computingWritten for both graduate students and experienced scientistsSupported by the website http://computation-in-science.khinsen.net/ with updates, links to useful sites and software

Electromagnetic Waves and Lasers reviews electromagnetic wave theory with a special emphasis on lasers and how to use them in optical systems. As a short treatise on this subject matter, this book aims to offer a quick overview that will allow the reader to gain a competent general understanding of electromagnetic waves and lasers, and how to use lasers in optical systems. Beginning with an introduction on electromagnetic waves, the book progresses to examine the application of electromagnetic wave theory, and the different aspects of working with lasers and their associated components. This second edition includes detailed information and procedures for setting up a laser optical system making it an excellent guide for those involved with using lasers.Key FeaturesA concise but detailed overview of electromagnetic waves and lasersIncludes detailed information and procedures for setting up a laser optical system, making it an excellent guide for those involved with using lasersProvides examples of how the theory is manifested in real life and also practical knowledge about lasers, their operation and usage

The use of spectroscopic techniques in the analysis and dating of archaeological and cultural artefacts is now well established and the data they produce is invaluable for archaeologists, curators and conservation scientists. This book reviews the applications of various spectroscopic techniques and, in particular, electron spin resonance spectroscopy in evaluating the structure and composition of materials for archaeological and cultural heritage research. Spanning both dating and compositional analysis methods of artefacts and their associated dating layers the book includes contributions from an international pool of researchers and uses case studies to demonstrate the applications of the techniques under discussion.

Encompasses the physics, design characteristics, simulation and interface electronics and including case studies, future challenges, as well as several other aspects of wider sensor technology, Advances in Modern Sensors provides an overview of modern sensors and their applications. The broad scope will appeal to industrial and academic researchers, and application engineers.

Gas discharge plasma is the most common type of low-temperature plasma, with a large number of practical applications covering almost all areas of modern science and technology. This book is an introduction to the numerical modeling methods for gas discharge plasmas. It is intended to assist and direct graduate students and junior researchers, whose research activity deals with computational plasma physics. Topics covered include the essentials of basic modelling approaches (particle, fluid, and hybrid) for gas discharges, and the implementation of these methods with examples of glow (DC and RF) discharges. Numerical studies of nonlinear dynamics and formation of spatio-temporal patterns in gas discharge systems are also presented.Key FeaturesFocuses solely on gas discharge plasmasCovers basic modelling techniques, including particle, fluid, and hybridProvides details of applications and implementation for the considered methodsSpecial emphasis is given to the applicability and reliability of different modelling techniquesProvides specific examples of numerical simulations of the gas discharge plasmas

This book describes the methodology and applications of solid-state NMR spectroscopy to studies of membrane proteins, membrane-active peptides and model biological membranes. As well as structural studies it contains coverage of membrane interactions and molecular motions. Advances in biological solid-state NMR are very pertinent with high-field developments seeing applications in biological membranes and whole cells. Many of the chapter authors and contributors are world-class experts and leaders in the development and application of biological solid-state NMR. Key Features Addresses principles, methods and applications of solid-state NMR methods to biomembrane studiesIntroduction to biological solid-state NMR and applications to biological membranesStructure and dynamics of membrane lipids, proteins and peptidesNMR studies of membrane interactions and molecular motion

Intended for science and engineering students with a background in introductory physics and calculus, this textbook creates a bridge between classical and modern physics, filling the gap between descriptive elementary texts and formal graduate textbooks.

This book looks at analysis and modelling of active biopotential signal processing. It emphasises the real-time challenges in biomedical signal processing that occur due to the complex and non-stationary nature of signals in a variety of applications for analysis, classification and identification of different states for improvement of healthcare systems. The main focus of the book is on modelling; acquisition of biomedical signals for different disorders; implementation of methodologies and their impact on different cases; case studies and research directions; automatic identification of related disorders; design and simulation examples; and issues and challenges. Overall, the book addresses the real-time challenges in biomedical signal processing used in a variety of applications such as analysis, classification and identification of different disorders in healthcare systems. It is a valuable guide for all researchers and practitioners who are engaged in studies and research in the area of biomedical signals and their applications. Key Features Modelling and acquisition of biomedical signals for different disordersImplementation of methodologies and their impact on different casesCase studies and research directionsDesign and simulation examples

This book is an overview of state-of-the-art analytical homogenization formalisms used to estimate the effective electromagnetic properties of complex composite materials. Beginning with an introduction to homogenization, the book progresses to cover both constitutive and depolarization dyadics. The homogenization formalisms for linear and non-linear materials are examined, followed by their applications and multiple examples using Mathematica code. This text is a valuable reference for PhD students and researchers working on the electromagnetic theory of complex composite materials.Key FeaturesExplicit formulas provided for the homogenization of isotropic, anisotropic, and bianisotropic composite materialsNumerical data provided for a wide range of representative homogenized composite materialsIncludes Mathematica codes to enable readers to readily perform their own calculations

This book provides a thorough introduction to the topic of mathematical modeling of electrical activity in the heart, from molecular details of ionic channel dynamics to clinically derived patient-specific models.

Advances in Optical Form and Coordinate Metrology covers the latest advances in the development of optical form and coordinate measuring instruments plus the manipulation of point cloud data. The book presents some basic principles of the optical measurement methods and takes a deeper look at the operation of the instruments and the new application areas where they can be applied, with an emphasis on advanced manufacturing. Latest advances discussed include the drive towards faster instruments for in-process applications, the ability to measure highly complex objects (e.g. in additive manufacturing), performance verification and advances in the use of machine learning to enhance data analysis.Key FeaturesProvides cutting-edge advances in the fieldIncludes new ISO framework for performance verificationPresents advances in artificial intelligenceIncludes advances in in-process measurementDiscusses a forward look at calibration