Books in the Modern Birkhauser Classics series

This book shows how the abstract methods of analytic semigroups and evolution equations in Banach spaces can be applied to the study of parabolic problems. It presents known theorems from a novel perspective and teaches how to exploit basic techniques.

This elegantly written text includes a wealth of exercises for students as it weaves classical probability theory into the quantum framework. It deepens our understanding of classical and quantum views on the dynamics of systems subject to the laws of chance.

Deals with the theory of function spaces of type Bspq and Fspq. This book analyzes the theory of function spaces in Rn and in domains, applications to (exotic) pseudo-differential operators, and function spaces on Riemannian manifolds.

This work presents a modern approach to a remarkable algebraic technique. It should be of interest to both the mathematical historian and the working specialist in commutative algebra, number theory and algebraic geometry.

This book is devoted to the relation between two different concepts of integrability: the complete integrability of complex analytical Hamiltonian systems and the integrability of complex analytical linear differential equations. For linear differential equations, integrability is made precise within the framework of differential Galois theory. The connection of these two integrability notions is given by the variational equation (i.e. linearized equation) along a particular integral curve of the Hamiltonian system. The underlying heuristic idea, which motivated the main results presented in this monograph, is that a necessary condition for the integrability of a Hamiltonian system is the integrability of the variational equation along any of its particular integral curves. This idea led to the algebraic non-integrability criteria for Hamiltonian systems. These criteria can be considered as generalizations of classical non-integrability results by Poincare and Liapunov, as well as more recent results by Ziglin and Yoshida. Thus, by means of the differential Galois theory it is not only possible to understand all these approaches in a unified way but also to improve them. Several important applications are also included: homogeneous potentials, Bianchi IX cosmological model, three-body problem, Henon-Heiles system, etc.The book is based on the original joint research of the author with J.M. Peris, J.P. Ramis and C. Simo, but an effort was made to present these achievements in their logical order rather than their historical one. The necessary background on differential Galois theory and Hamiltonian systems is included, and several new problems and conjectures which open new lines of research are proposed.

The primary objective of this monograph is to develop an elementary and se- containedapproachtothemathematicaltheoryofaviscousincompressible?uid n in a domain ? of the Euclidean spaceR , described by the equations of Navier- Stokes. The book is mainly directed to students familiar with basic functional analytic tools in Hilbert and Banach spaces. However, for readers' convenience, in the ?rst two chapters we collect, without proof some fundamental properties of Sobolev spaces, distributions, operators, etc. Another important objective is to formulate the theory for a completely general domain ?. In particular, the theory applies to arbitrary unbounded, non-smooth domains. For this reason, in the nonlinear case, we have to restrict ourselves to space dimensions n=2,3 that are also most signi?cant from the physical point of view. For mathematical generality, we will develop the l- earized theory for all n? 2. Although the functional-analytic approach developed here is, in principle, known to specialists, its systematic treatment is not available, and even the diverseaspectsavailablearespreadoutintheliterature.However,theliterature is very wide, and I did not even try to include a full list of related papers, also because this could be confusing for the student. In this regard, I would like to apologize for not quoting all the works that, directly or indirectly, have inspired this monograph.

In a detailed and comprehensive introduction to the theory of plane algebraic curves, the authors examine this classical area of mathematics that both figured prominently in ancient Greek studies and remains a source of inspiration and a topic of research to this day. Arising from notes for a course given at the University of Bonn in Germany, "e;Plane Algebraic Curves"e; reflects the authorsE concern for the student audience through its emphasis on motivation, development of imagination, and understanding of basic ideas. As classical objects, curves may be viewed from many angles. This text also provides a foundation for the comprehension and exploration of modern work on singularities. --- In the first chapter one finds many special curves with very attractive geometric presentations the wealth of illustrations is a distinctive characteristic of this book and an introduction to projective geometry (over the complex numbers). In the second chapter one finds a very simple proof of Bezout's theorem and a detailed discussion of cubics. The heart of this book and how else could it be with the first author is the chapter on the resolution of singularities (always over the complex numbers). (...) Especially remarkable is the outlook to further work on the topics discussed, with numerous references to the literature. Many examples round off this successful representation of a classical and yet still very much alive subject. (Mathematical Reviews)

Combining algebraic groups and number theory, this volume gathers material from the representation theory of this group for the first time, doing so for both local (Archimedean and non-Archimedean) cases as well as for the global number field case.

Although much of classical ergodic theory is concerned with single transformations and one-parameter flows, the subject inherits from statistical mechanics not only its name, but also an obligation to analyze spatially extended systems with multidimensional symmetry groups. However, the wealth of concrete and natural examples which has contributed so much to the appeal and development of classical dynamics, is noticeably absent in this more general theory. The purpose of this book is to help remedy this scarcity of explicit examples by introducing a class of continuous Zd-actions diverse enough to exhibit many of the new phenomena encountered in the transition from Z to Zd, but which nevertheless lends itself to systematic study: the Zd-actions by automorphisms of compact, abelian groups. One aspect of these actions, not surprising in itself but quite striking in its extent and depth nonetheless, is the connection with commutative algebra and arithmetical algebraic geometry. The algebraic framework resulting from this connection allows the construction of examples with a variety of specified dynamical properties, and by combining algebraic and dynamical tools one obtains a quite detailed understanding of this class of Zd-actions.

Many physical processes in fields such as mechanics, thermodynamics, electricity, magnetism or optics are described by means of partial differential equations. The aim of the present book is to demontstrate the basic methods for solving the classical linear problems in mathematical physics of elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic type. In particular, the methods of conformal mappings, Fourier analysis and Green`s functions are considered, as well as the perturbation method and integral transformation method, among others. Every chapter contains concrete examples with a detailed analysis of their solution.The book is intended as a textbook for students in mathematical physics, but will also serve as a handbook for scientists and engineers.

"An introduction to the ideas of algebraic geometry in the motivated context of system theory." This describes this two volume work which has been specifically written to serve the needs of researchers and students of systems, control, and applied mathematics. Without sacrificing mathematical rigor, the author makes the basic ideas of algebraic geometry accessible to engineers and applied scientists. The emphasis is on constructive methods and clarity rather than on abstraction. While familiarity with Part I is helpful, it is not essential, since a considerable amount of relevant material is included here.Part I, Scalar Linear Systems and Affine Algebraic Geometry, contains a clear presentation, with an applied flavor , of the core ideas in the algebra-geometric treatment of scalar linear system theory. Part II extends the theory to multivariable systems. After delineating limitations of the scalar theory through carefully chosen examples, the author introduces seven representations of a multivariable linear system and establishes the major results of the underlying theory. Of key importance is a clear, detailed analysis of the structure of the space of linear systems including the full set of equations defining the space. Key topics also covered are the Geometric Quotient Theorem and a highly geometric analysis of both state and output feedback. Prerequisites are the basics of linear algebra, some simple topological notions, the elementary properties of groups, rings, and fields, and a basic course in linear systems. Exercises, which are an integral part of the exposition throughout, combined with an index and extensive bibliography of related literature make this a valuable classroom tool or good self-study resource. The present, softcover reprint is designed to make this classic textbook available to a wider audience."The exposition is extremely clear. In order to motivate the general theory, the author presents a number of examples of two or three input-, two-output systems in detail. I highly recommend this excellent book to all those interested in the interplay between control theory and algebraic geometry." ¿Publicationes Mathematicae, Debrecen"This book is the multivariable counterpart of Methods of Algebraic Geometry in Control Theory, Part I¿. In the first volume the simpler single-input¿single-output time-invariant linear systems were considered and the corresponding simpler affine algebraic geometry was used as the required prerequisite. Obviously, multivariable systems are more difficult and consequently the algebraic results are deeper and less transparent, but essential in the understanding of linear control theory¿. Each chapter contains illustrative examples throughout and terminates with some exercises for further study." ¿Mathematical Reviews

This book introduces the notions and methods of formal logic from a computer science standpoint, covering propositional logic, predicate logic, and foundations of logic programming. It presents applications and themes of computer science research such as resolution, automated deduction, and logic programming in a rigorous but readable way.

The quantum groups discussed in this book are the quantized enveloping algebras introduced by Drinfeld and Jimbo in 1985, or variations thereof. This book will be of interest to mathematicians working in the representation theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras, knot theorists and to theoretical physicists and graduate students.

In a book written for mathematicians, teachers of mathematics, and highly motivated students, Harold Edwards has taken a bold and unusual approach to the presentation of advanced calculus.

This book is an introduction to modern cardinal arithmetic, developed in the frame of the axioms of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory together with the axiom of choice. Part two, which is Chapter 2, characterizes the development of cardinal arith metic in the seventies, which was led by Galvin, Hajnal, and Silver.

This book is a publication in Swiss Seminars, a subseries of Progress in Mathematics. It is an expanded version of the notes from a seminar on intersection cohomology theory, which met at the University of Bern, Switzerland, in the spring of 1983.

Winner of the 1983 National Book Award, The Mathematical Experience conveyed the power and beauty of its topic to a broad audience. The study version added exercises and other classroom aids. This softcover edition includes new epilogues by the original authors.

The book treats four fundamental problems: the number of primes below a given limit, the approximate number of primes, the recognition of primes and the factorization of large numbers.

This monograph is a self-contained introduction to the geometry of Riemann Surfaces of constant curvature -1 and their length and eigenvalue spectra. It focuses on two subjects: the geometric theory of compact Riemann surfaces of genus greater than one, and the relationship of the Laplace operator with the geometry of such surfaces.

This book is devoted to one of the fastest developing fields in modern control theory - the so-called H-infinity optimal control theory. The book can be used for a second or third year graduate level course in the subject, and researchers working in the area will find the book useful as a standard reference.

Automorphic forms on the upper half plane have been studied for a long time. He extended Hecke's relation between automorphic forms and Dirichlet series to real analytic automorphic forms.

"The book is largely self-contained...There is a nice introduction to symplectic geometry and a charming exposition of equivariant K-theory. This is the only available introduction to geometric representation theory...it has already proved successful in introducing a new generation to the subject."

Hyperbolic Manifolds and Discrete Groups is at the crossroads of several branches of mathematics: hyperbolic geometry, discrete groups, 3-dimensional topology, geometric group theory, and complex analysis.

This text covers cardinal number valued functions defined for any Boolean algebra such as cellularity. It explores the behavior of these functions under algebraic operations such as products, free products, ultraproducts and their relationships to each other.

In the last ?fteen years two seemingly unrelated problems, one in computer science and the other in measure theory, were solved by amazingly similar techniques from representation theory and from analytic number theory.

The book deals with the two scales Bsp,q and Fsp,q of spaces of distributions, where -

"Gives a comprehensive treatment of basically everything in mathematics that can be named multivalued/set-valued analysis. It includes...results with many historical comments giving the reader a sound perspective to look at the subject." --Mathematical Reviews

A compact, moderately general book which encompasses many fluid models of current interest...The book is written very clearly and contains a large number of exercises and their solutions.

This volume surveys the development of combinatorics since 1930 by presenting in chronological order the fundamental results of the subject proved in over five decades of original papers by: T. van Aardenne-Ehrenfest.- R.L. Fulkerson.- D. Gale.- L. Kasteleyn.- G. Lindstroem.- L. Lovasz.- D. Lubell.- C. Nash-Williams.- G. Ryser.- C. Stanley.- G.

This book is a well-informed and detailed analysis of the problems and development of algebraic topology, from Poincare and Brouwer to Serre, Adams, and Thom. This book demonstrates in the case of topology how these obstacles can be overcome, with enlightening results....