Books in the Springer Series in Biophysics series

Biological membranes have long been identified as key elements in a wide variety of cellular processes including cell defense communication, photosynthesis, signal transduction, and motility;

This book is dedicated to the channels and pores that belong to an eclectic and ubiquitous class of unconventional - perhaps at times strange - pore-forming molecules, which nevertheless play fundamental roles in various organisms.

This is the first book that is not exclusively focused on ion channels functioning in sensory mechanisms that are characteristic of animals and humans, but also describes the role of ion channels in signal transduction mechanisms found in microbial cells and plants.

This book basically involves the study of flight parameters, wing beat frequency, moment of inertia, and wing movements for developing various aerodynamic forces which have been calculated.