Books in the Variorum Collected Studies series

This collection of articles focuses on the fundamental question of why, during the later Middle Ages, technology and industry declined - even collapsed - in the Muslim Levant, while simultaneously making enormous progress in the Christian West.

A collection of studies of war in early modern Spain. Aspects covered include the impact of war and military spending on the economy; the administrative effects of war; the equipment of the Spanish Armada; and assessment of the Armada's military and political significance.

The first part of this text examines the place of the city in the historical development of Castile. The second section deals with the controversial question of what impact the conquest of Seville and the subsequent settlement of al-Andalus had on the realm of Castile.

Covers the period from the end of the Roman Empire to the 10th-11th centuries and the Loire/Rhine region, particularly the Low Countries. The book discusses the "classical" estates of the Carolingian period; offers urban historical studies of Ghent, Bruges and Antwerp; and discusses town origins.

Contains 14 studies, 12 in French and two in English, which examine the origins of the agricultural and landholding systems of early medieval Frankish Europe. This text also consider the role of these systems in Carolingian social and economic policies.

Sixteen studies in English and one in French, examining Newton's programme of investigation and experiment, based on his neglected manuscripts. These consider his relations with contemporary scientists, including Hooke and Huyghens, and the developing influence of his theories.

Covering 19 studies in English of early medieval Latin glossaries, this volume discusses such works as: the shorter glosses of Placidus; the St Gall glossary; the Affatim Glossary and others; the Abstrusa Glossary and the Liber Glossarum; and the Festus-Glosses of the Abolita Glossary.

These 15 French and three English studies look at the impact the establishment of Latin Christianity has had on the development of Poland. They survey the Church's expansion between the 10th and 16th centuries; parish organization and the role of the monastic orders.

This is a study of the world of Christian Egypt in Late Antiquity, its philosophy, religion, society and economy, based on detailed papyrological research.

These studies consider the Mughal Empire's links with the wider early modern world, and focus on three related aspects of its history - the nature of imperial authority, fiscal and monetary policy, and why the system could not cope with the changes which it had helped to engender.

This is a selection of articles by Meleze-Modrzejewski (eight in French; two in German) which deal with the question of personal status and family ties in Classical law, both Greco-Roman and Eastern. The selection covers the period up to the Christian era, with Hellenistic Egypt as its focus.

This work offers all the articles published by the late Dr A.H. Shorter. They concern his work on British papermaking, offering the history of many paper mills in Britain after 1800.

Uses law to investigate the principles that governed society, and examines manuscript sources of texts. The author focuses on the lives of individual jurists, contending that these provide a key to the understanding of their thought, their position in society, and the connections between the two.

This second selection of articles by Rupert Hall to be published by Variorum focuses on the interactions between "pure" science, "applied" science and craftsmanship, laying emphasis on the period from the 17th century to the Industrial Revolution.

An analysis of the way in which money - both finances and coinage - was dealt with in the Byzantine Empire. The influence of the Greeks, the history of prices, the reform of money under Alexis Ier Comnene, the devaluation of money in the 11th century, numismatics and other topics are featured.

This collection of articles dealing with language and learning in Renaissance Italy, derive from the Renaissance rhetoric of George of Trebizond and dwell particularly on the work of his rival, Lorenzo Valla. Topics include humanism and rhetoric, the place of religion and censorship.

This volume draws together 17 studies by the author written between 1988 and 1992. All are concerned with medieval canonical law, principally from the sixth to the thirteenth century, and how the institutions of the Church related to secular society of the time.

Focuses on the rise and fall of the Indian maritime merchant in the early modern period. This was the heyday of Moghul Surat, the appearance of a group of independent merchant shipowners, and their eclipse at the end of the period in the face of European competition and monopolies.

A study of Byzantine astronomy.

This work on early Christianity looks at a range of topics, among which is Christianity in Africa in the second and third centuries, the cult of the apostles Peter and Paul in the old Roman forms of the Mass, and the vocabulary of the Benediction.

This volume is concerned with the establishment and embedding in the Tuscan countryside, and especially around Florence, of the new forms of piety propagated above all by the Mendicant orders. It brings together de La Ronciere's major articles on this topic.

This work encompasses sacred and secular themes in late antiquity. It covers the Latin fathers, St Augustine, Justinian's ecclesiastical politics, heresy, orthodoxy and paganism in the Latin west, and Augustiniana miscellanea (signs, philosophy and eschatology and conversion).

The main purpose of this book is to provide a contextualization of the Orphic fragments cited by Medio-Platonists and Neo-Platonists, Proclus, Damascius and Olympiodorus. The author concludes that the "Rhapsodies" were composed from an earlier version known by Aristophanes, Plato and others.

This volume brings together the most important articles of the late Joseph F. Fletcher, summarizing his research on the relation of China to its neighbours; the history of nomad society, and the interconnections among the great empires of the early modern age.

These 17 studies in English form a loosely connected network around the work of medieval mathematician Thomas Bradwardine; the applications of mathematics in other areas of science; the work of Roger Bacon; and the structure of the continuum and its relevance to medieval and early modern physics.