Books published by BAR Publishing

Tenure describes certain relations between people and material things. It has long been an important theme in archaeology, especially in the interpretation of ancient land division. How do archaeologists approach this subject, and which approaches have the most potential? This monograph explores tenure through analysis of Bronze Age land division on Dartmoor (south-west Britain) . The research has two aims: to develop existing approaches to tenure, and to interpret land division and tenure on Dartmoor during the second millennium BC. The research applies a series of different theories of, and approaches to tenure to data from Dartmoor. Methods used include spatial analysis of land division and settlement patterns, metrological analysis, experimental reconstruction and synthesis of palaeoenvironmental, excavation and artefactual data. The results are used to advance an interpretation of land division and tenure on Dartmoor and to reflect critically on approaches to tenure.

Around 9500 BC, a number of changes take place in the life ways of human groups that, henceforth, will be designated as Mesolithic. These changes set them apart, behaviourally, from the preceding periods. Even though the ancestral know-how was passed across the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary, new solutions were implemented. Groups became more mobile and more dependent on the exploitation of marine resources. Shell middens crop up not just all along the Atlantic façade but also in more interiorly located sites. Technical choice and mode of resource extraction are situationally adapted and/or created. This behavioural flexibility is specific to the early Mesolithic and contrasts with the rigidity of Magdalenian peoples' technical systems. The History of the earliest Mesolithic communities in Portugal is mainly based on the study of three key-early Mesolithic sites, Toledo, Areeiro III and Barca do Xerez de Baixo, with a main focus on their lithic industries (recreating all the productionprocess), although other archaeological components are also presented and discussed. Despite being contemporary on a radiocarbon scale (they all accumulated during the Boreal chronozone), each of these sites represents a distinct way of using space and the available local resources.

Evolutionary and ecological processes are important for modelling the patterns of morphological variation among human populations. Within the ecological dimensions, diet plays a key role in craniofacial variation, due both to the effect of the type and amount of nutrients consumed, on skeletal growth and the localized effect of masticatory forces. In this research, these two dimensions of the diet are discussed, and their influence in the morphological diversification of human populations from southern South America during the late Holocene is evaluated. In particular, the relationship between morphological diversification and dietary diversity in human populations from Central-West Argentina is studied, expanding and reducing the spatial scale to arrive at a better understanding of these processes. Analyses were performed considering three scales: macro-regional (Northwest Argentine, Central-West Argentina, Northern Pampa / Southeast Patagonia), regional (Central-West Argentina) and micro-regional (northern and southern Mendoza).

In this publication the results of an archaeological research project conducted by the Department of Medieval Archaeology of the University of Tübingen, Institute for Prehistory and Medieval Archaeology, under the leadership of Barbara Scholkmann during the years 2003 to 2009 in the ruins of Panamá la Vieja (Panama City, Rep. Panamá) have been published. The Spanish colonial town of Panamá la Vieja, was founded in 1519 and was the first city on the pacific coast. It was a centre of the Spanish colonial empire with vast strategic and economic importance until it was destroyed by English pirates in 1671 and at this place subsequently abandoned. Numerous ruins, especially of large buildings such as the cathedral, the abbey churches and some secular buildings, have been preserved until now without being disturbed by modern development. Thus, the ruin city represents an ideal field of research for archaeological investigations. Six campaign excavations were carried out in the city's former hospital San Juan de Dios as well as in a large building complex, which were used for the handling of goods. At the west end some sondages were conducted to get information about structures in the outlying district. The entire area of the city was prospected geomagneticallyand a topographic map was produced for a large part of the terrain. Several ruin-complexes were measured and examined by archaeologists specialized in architecture. The recovered find material was reviewed and subsequently catalogued and classified parallel to the excavation work. The entire stock of finds from older archaeological investigations was also documented in the context of a post-doc project. With the aid of statistic analyses and patterns of find distribution it was possible to research questions concerning social structure, functional differentiation and the area inner-structure of the city. The results from the hospital were evaluated and the different find groups of the material culture were presented in the context of several academic theses. In the process some of the manifold and very interesting aspects were thematised which the first Spanish town on the Atlantic seaboard, abandoned in the 17th century and today a UNESCO World Heritage Site, can offer to European historical archaeology.

Proceedings of the XV UISPP World Congress (Lisbon 4-9 September 2006). Volume 8, Session C68 (Part II)This book includes papers (in English, French and Spanish) from Session C68 (Part II) of the XV UISPP World Congress (Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006).

This large-scale work represents a study of the occupation of space and management of resources at the interface between primary massifs and secondary and tertiary basins during the Neolithic: the example of the Armorican massif and its margins. This study seeks to establish to what degree we can quantify the impact of a physical feature, the interface between the Armorican massif and the Paris and Aquitainian basins, on population dynamics in western France during the Neolithic. The study area is extensive (62324 km²) and includes almost the whole of eleven French departments (Manche, Calvados, Orne, Mayenne, Sarthe, Maine-et-Loire, Vendée, Deux-Sèvres, Vienne, Charente-Maritime and Charente). Its natural limits, which have evolved since the Neolithic, are the English Channel in the north and the River Charente and its tributary La Bonnieure, flowing into the Atlantic Ocean, in the south. The period in question is the whole of the Neolithic, chronologically subdivided (with much simplification) in orderto facilitate the comparison between the successive chronological stages: Early Neolithic: 5500-4600 BC; Middle Neolithic: 4600-3600 BC; Late and Final Neolithic: 3600-2200 BC.

Proceedings of the XV World Congress UISPP Lisbon, 4-9 September 06, Volume 22This book includes papers from Sessions C06, C08, C14, C62 and WS32 grouped as 'Humans: Evolution and Environment'.C06 - History of human populations, palaeoecology and ancient DNA. Edited by Eric Crubezy, Eugénia Cunha and Bertrand Ludes.C08 - Bioarchaeology from the midst of shells. Edited by Sheila Mendonça de Souza, Eugenia Cunha and Sabine Eggers.C14 - Modern humans origins in Eurasia. Edited by Marcel Otte, Janus Kozlowski and Jean Pierre Bocquet-Appel.C62 - Coastal geoarchaeology: the research of shellmounds. Edited by Marisa Coutinho Afonso and Geoff Bailey.WS32 - Interdisciplinary studies in human evolution. Edited by Eugénia Cunha and Group of Studies in Human Evolution

The symposium dedicated to the presentation of the 'current research on the neolithic funeral rituals in the Upper Rhine Valley' held at the University of Strasbourg in June, 2011 belongs to a cycle of annual meetings of the archaeologists from Alsace and the nearby regions. The theme was dictated by the spectacular increase of the neolithic graves' corpus last years. This volume presents nine contributions about unpublished graves and graveyards from the early to the late Neolithic, especially the first LBK cremations found in France and the first Corded ware graves group discovered in Alsace. These papers, which covered all the regional neolithic sequence, offer a complete view of the funeral traditions of the Upper Rhine Valley from 5300 to 2200 BC.

Section 6: Paleolithique Superieur / Upper PalaeolithicColloque/Symposium 6.411 papers from a session on Stone Age (Magdalenian) Europe presented at the XIVth UISPP Congress, University of Liège, Belgium, 2-8 September 2001.Contains papers in English and papers in French.

Papers presented at the 5th European Meeting on Ancient Ceramics, Athens 1999This volume contains a selection of 43 papers presented at the 5th European Meeting on Ancient Ceramics, at Athens in 1999. This regular meeting provides a forum for the presentation of existing trends in the field of ancient ceramic studies, based on combined scientific/archaeological approaches. These current papers offer an overview of the current status of the highly multidisciplinary research in Europe, both in terms of the many scientific techniques (with a balance between mineralogical and chemical methods) developed and applied, as well as on novel methodological approaches on materials, covering a broad range of periods and geographical regions (from Spain to the Middle East, from Uzbekistan to the Aegean). All the papers of this volume were peer-reviewed for their originality, significance, and technical validity.

This book investigates for the first time the complex processes involved with the occurrence and development of Eneolithic and Bronze Age architecture over the extent of Azerbaijan. The study also investigates the important questions left unanswered in the architectural, archaeological and ethnographic literature, and, for the first time, a planning structure for settlements, inhabited complexes and units is developed. Sections include: The General Characteristics of the Cultural Monuments Investigated; The Processes of Cultural Development and the Construction Layers; The Structure of Settlement Planning; The Constructions and their Architecture; Decision-making and the constructions; reconstructions; The functions of constructions.

The contributions in this book mainly resulted from the symposium, Fitting Rocks, the big Puzzle Revisited, held in 2001 at the XIVth U.I.S.P.P. conference in Liège, Belgium. The symposium brought together a wide variety of researchers who use refitting in one way or another to answer archaeological questions. The aim was to cover both geographical space and a variety of time periods. Lithic refitting has been around for well over a century now. While the mechanics of conjoining artifacts have remained unchanged, despite some recent attempts to automate at least part of the process, the questions that have been addressed with refitting data changed dramatically over time and probably will continue to do so in the future. This volume reflects both well-established uses of refitting as well as some novel approaches.

This monograph presents the results of the first planned archaeological excavations in the important Italo-Greek Abbey of Grottaferrata that was founded near Rome by St. Nilus of Rossano in 1004 over the ruins of a grand Roman villa. The research focuses on the transformation of the settlement and on the social, economic and cultural dynamics from Late Antiquity to the Renaissance and it has revealed the existence of previously unknown Late Antique and Early Medieval sites. Pottery vessels made in Rome and in Southern Italy in the 11th-12th centuries and walls made of Roman spolia belonged to St. Nilus' monastery. The monastery of that time had a church, a dormitory and a sort of borgo with agricultural workers' dwellings, stables and warehouses. Archaeological research has also shed light on the works commissioned by Commendatory Abbots between the 15th and 18th centuries. The important results of this Research Project were also thanks to the possibility of comparing the data of Grottaferrata with those that came from the first archaeological excavations recently undertaken in Italo-Greek monasteries in Southern Italy.

Actes du Colloque International organisé à Lyon les 8 et 9 novembre 2002, Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée

This study investigates hunter-gatherer responses to environmental change in south-western Australian forests. The study region is the Leeuwin-Naturaliste Region, extreme south-western Australia. It examines how hunter-gatherers reacted to terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene expansions of Karri (Eucalytpus diversicolor) tall open-forest, a forest type identified as difficult to occupy. The putative hunter-gatherer reaction requires careful assessment because past hunter-gatherers could have continued to occupy forested areas by using many different habitats within forests and controlling the extent of unfavourable habitats by firing. The author assesses the issue by reviewing ecological and archaeological research in south-western and south-eastern Australian forests and analysing archaeological evidence for occupation in various types of forest.

Dynasties 21-24 saw Libyan dominance in Ancient Egypt. This study examines a corpus of funerary stelae produced during this time to determine the effect of this period on the ways in which people projected their identity, particularly in terms of gender and ethnicity.

This work investigates the use of Old Red Sandstone from South Wales, Gloucestershire, Avon and Somerset during the Roman period, for rotary querns. It is based on detailed petrographic studies of these rocks at both microscopic and macroscopic levels to define practical keys which allow types of Old Red Sandstone, and hence artefacts made from it, to be identified and provenanced to their geological formations. 1200 rotary querns of Old Red sandstone from 180 sites were analysed (stretching from southeast Wales in the west, to Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire in the east. It extends as far south as Dorchester (Dorset) and as far north as Coleshill (Warwickshire)). The petrological study also identifies the three major source areas in the Roman period as the Forest of Dean, the Bristol area and the Mendips and investigates the differences in the distribution of finds from each of these sources. A typological study is included, with a detailed description and analysis of the types of ORS querns manufactured, their dating and their distribution. The routes and mechanisms through which the querns were moved are also investigated and the production of ORS querns is also assessed.

Moravia played a very important role in the Palaeolithic migration of ancient Homo sapiens as it made a natural corridor between the south and the north of the central Europe, which allowed for shifting of both humans and animals in times of glaciations;a fact amply evidenced by the dense network of Palaeolithic settlements. This study looks again at the material from Upper Palaeolithic Czech sites using the most recent use-wear techniques, equipment and analysis.

Bioarchaeology and bone chemistry of the Bronze Age Sant'Abbondio cemetery (Pompeii, Italy)Focusing on the Bronze Age Sant'Abbondio Cemetery at Pompeii, the author shows that the use of trace element analysis in a non-paleonutritional approach represents a new, tangible method of investigating the social dynamics of past communities, offering a level of reliability and consistency that is not always to be found in the material culture.

Edited by Sarah M. Nelson, Anatoly P. Derevianko, Yaroslav V. Kuzmin and Richard L. Bland.The archaeology of the Russian Far East is rich in new and sometimes surprising discoveries. Very early pottery dates, in several locations, are perhaps the most important and interesting of these finds. Connections with other parts of the Far East are also established in these new studies. The chapters that follow in this regional synthesis elaborate these themes. Arranged in chronological order and by region, each is written by a specialist who has participated in some or all of the archaeological expeditions reported here. The chapters are replete with archaeological details, allowing the reader to judge the interpretations independently. Illustrations and maps add to the information provided. They show not just the unanticipated richness of the archaeology of the Russian Far East but, more important, the contributions these sites can make to the archaeology of the region and of the world.

This volume completes the presentation of all University College London's Lahun papyri.

Langeland Museum's underwater investigations of the submerged Late Mesolithic Ertebølle settlement Møllegabet I, off the small southern Danish town of Ærøskøbing in 1976, heralded a new era in investigations of the archaeology of the Northern European Stone Age. The submerged Stone Age settlements and graves, which have subsequently been investigated in the Baltic Sea area and in Danish coastal waters, have proved to have excellent conditions for the preservation of structural remains and items of organic material. The latter have contributed much new knowledge concerning the very high level of woodworking expertise and associated decorative traditions, as well as providing important information on the economy and burial sites of the Mesolithic culture.The submerged settlements have also given valuable information about the substantial shifts which occurred between land and sea throughout the Stone Age in Southern Scandinavia and Northern Germany. In a couple of cases it has been possible to find and uncover settlements from a virtually unknown chapter of the Stone Age in Northern Europe, lying at the transition between the Maglemose and Kongemose cultures. The Møllegabet II-settlement was investigated between 1987 and 1993, and with this publication it is the first major submerged Danish Stone Age settlement to be published in detail in monographic form including several scientific contributions. The study area is situated at a depth of almost 5m below sea level and contains, in addition to an extremely well-preserved dwelling site from the Early Ertebølle Culture (c. 5000 BC), a somewhat later burial in a dug-out canoe of a young male.With contributions by Sarah Mason, Lisa Hodgetts, Peter Rowley-Conwy and Annica Cardell

Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop, CNR, Rome, Italy, December 4-7, 2006In 2001, UNESCO and the European Space Agency (ESA) launched the 'Open Initiative on the Use of Space Technologies to Monitor Natural and Cultural Heritage of UNESCO Sites'. The 'Open Initiative' is a framework of cooperation to assist countries to improve the observation, monitoring and management of natural and cultural sites as well as of their surroundings, through space technologies. In this field of operations a group of experts, called International Working Group of Space Technologies for World Heritage, was created under the coordination of UNESCO, the present membership including representatives of CNR-ITABC (Italy), GORS (Syria), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China), NASA (US), ETH (Switzerland) and other European research centres and institutions. At the Beijing conference the topics discussed demonstrated clearly that the concept of Remote Sensing was significantly wider than in the past and involved the integration of numerous different technologies and fields of application: photogrammetry, air photography, air-photo mapping, airborne multi-spectral and thermal imagery, satellite imagery, geophysics, GIS but also, laser scanning, visualization displays, space models virtual reality. This conference at Rome in December 2006, building on these ideas, will aim to continue in this direction, promoting the use of integrated methodologies in remote sensing archaeology so as to help in the creation of new and sustainable policies in the monitoring, interpretation, fruition and communication of the cultural heritage. Including 67 papers from 10 sessions: SESSION 1: Satellite Remote Sensing Archaeology; SESSION 2: Aerial Archaeology: vertical ans oblique photography; SESSION 3: Aerial Archaeology: airborne scanning; SESSION 4: Ground-Based RemoteSensing Archaeology; SESSION 5: Integrated Technologies for Remote Sensing in Archaeology; SESSION 6: Interpreting Landscapes and Settlement Pattern Reconstruction; SESSION 7: Environment Analysis for Remote Sensing Archaeology; SESSION 8: 3D Visualization of Place and Landscapes; SESSION 9: Virtual Archaeological Reconstruction; SESSION 10: Landscapes, CRM and Ethics: POSTER SESSIONS.

This book investigates the technological processes involved in the making of ancient vitreous materials concentrating on the site of Amarna, in Middle Egypt. Amarna was the capital city of the 18th Dynasty king, Akhenaten (1352-1336 BC). The manufacture of vitreous materials in Dynastic Egypt reached its zenith in terms of artistic and technical accomplishment in the 18th Dynasty. Amidst the debate over the source of these technological advances, whether some of the vitreous materials were imported or manufactured locally, the entire process of manufacture is examined, from the selection of raw materials, preliminary processing and eventual firing right through to the distribution of the finished objects. Analysis of the finished objects and the waste materials of the production sequence by scanning electron microscope and other techniques forms the principal source of evidence, supported by close examination of the archaeological context. The significance of the different types and colours of glasses is examined and compared to the material from tomb paintings and texts, which sheds light on the relationship between Egpytian glass and Mesopotamian glasses. The overall social and political climate of the city of Amarna and other New Kingdom towns is also considered where this might help our understanding of the conditions of craftsmen in vitreous materials or of the overall control of the industry.

This work address the question of the emergence of social complexity in the Yangshao culture (ca. 4900-3000 BC) in Central China based on analysis of settlement patterns and faunal remains from Lingbao, western Henan. A total of 31 Neolithic sites have been found along two rivers during a regional survey in 1999. Analyses of regional settlement patterns reveal the emergence of social complexity in the middle Yangshao period (ca. 4000-3500 BC), indicated by dramatic population growth, increases in site number and occupation area, and the appearance of settlement hierarchies.

This study is divided into two main parts. Part one presents the ethnoarchaeological study that has been conducted on (late-Sixth to Fifth Millennium BC) pottery production in northern Jordan (the Ajlun Mountain area). It includes the location and environmental setting of the study area, the context of pottery production with reference to potters' socio-economical contexts, and their identity. It also includes the context of pottery production and a description of the technological traditions that have been identified among the potters. Chapters 4 and 5 have been devoted to measuring and explaining the causes of technological similarities as well as differences in the potters' out-put. Part 2 presents the archaeological study. It includes a description of the site of Abu Hamid and its environmental setting. Moreover, it presents the chronology and the sequence of occupation at the site, as well as the spatial and temporal contexts of the sampled pottery sherds. Further, it presents morphological and metric descriptions of the pottery assemblages. Chapters 8 and 9 are devoted to the identification of archaeological pottery forming techniques and the measuring of the technical variations among them. The last chapter presents the explanations of these technical variations.

Acts of the XIVth UISPP Congress, University of Liège, Belgium, 2-8 September 2001Art du Paléolithique Supérieur et du Mésolithique/Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Art. Section 8 of the Acts of the XIVth UISPP Congress, University of Liège, Belgium, 2-8 September 2001.C 8.1 Art rupestre, métaphysique, idéologie. Iconographie et mythe du Paléolithique à l'époque actuelleCoordinateurs / Coordinators: Marcel Otte, Luis Oosterbeek, Dario Seglie, Laurence Remacle, Valérie BertolloC 8.4 Bilan des arts rupestres en EuropeCoordinateur / Coordinator: Marc Groenen

Until now, no study has been made of the construction techniques of the Nabataean freestanding buildings and the rock-cut monuments of Petra, Jordan (built from the 1st cent. BC to the 2nd cent. AD). The results of this study reveal the sources of the building techniques used at Petra and why they were further developed there.