Books published by College Publications

DEON 2018's special focus is "Deontic reasoning for responsible AI". The successes of Artificial Intelligence over the last few years have brought to the fore a new and important application area for deontic logic: Responsible AI. On the one hand, this concerns systems for checking and proving responsibility characteristics of artificial intelligent agents and their designs, and on the other hand, it concerns responsible decision making and machine ethics. This DEON's special theme "Deontic reasoning for responsible AI" solicits contributions that address issues related to these two subjects. Topics of interest in this special theme include, but are not limited to: * moral decision making * norm awareness * accountability * explainability * causal and probabilistic theories of responsibility * operationalizations of ethical theories * collective responsibility * grades of responsibility

The present collection of papers and critical studies by Prof. Guillermo E. Rosado Haddock under the title Unorthodox Analytic Philosophy brings together both older studies and recent papers on Husserl, Frege, Carnap, Kant and other philosophers, as well as contributions of the author to central problems in the philosophy of logic, the philosophy of mathematics, and semantics. All papers are written in the tradition of rigorous philosophy, conscious of the developments of the more exact sciences, but completely free from the prejudices of empiricist and anti-Platonist ideology.

Do we live in a quantum universe? Or a classical relativistic universe? Or a universe that is somehow a hybrid of the two?The papers collected in Quantum Heresies argue that it is quantum all the way down, and probably all the way up, too. Peacock criticizes the orthodox view that quantum mechanics and relativity stand in a relation of ‘peaceful coexistence’, and argues that new concepts of simultaneity are needed in order to think about time and causation in the radically nonlocal world that quantum mechanics reveals.Papers in collaboration with John Woods and Brian Hepburn explore the logic of quantum mechanics and the dynamics of entangled states, and an Envoi points to the work still to be done.

This volume of the Logica Yearbook series brings together articles presented at the annual international symposium Logica 2017, Hejnice, the Czech Republic. The articles range over mathematical and philosophical logic, history and philosophy of logic, and the analysis of natural language.

Perhaps the most counterintuitive property of classical logic (as well as of its most famous rival, intuitionistic logic) is the fact that it allows the inference of any proposition from a single pair of contradicting statements. A lot of work and efforts have been devoted over the years to develop alternatives to classical logic that do not have this drawback. Those alternatives are nowadays called `paraconsistent systems', and the corresponding research area --- paraconsistent reasoning.The purpose of this book is to provide a comprehensive methodological presentation of the rich mathematical theory that exists by now concerning the mostfundamental part of paraconsistent reasoning: propositional (monotonic) logics. Among those logics it mainly concentrates on those which are effective(in the sense that they are decidable, have a concrete semantics, and can be equipped with implementable analytic proof systems).The first part of the book defines in precise terms all the basic notions that are related to paraconsistency, after reviewing all the necessary preliminaries. The other parts describe in detail all of the main approaches to the subject. This includes finite-valued semantics (both truth functional and non-deterministic);logics of formal inconsistency; relevant logics; constructive paraconsistent logics which are based on positive intuitionistic logic; and paraconsistent logics which are based on modal logics. The book covers thousands of paraconsistent logics, each of which is studied both from a semantical and from a prooftheoretical points of view. In addition, most of those logics are characterized in terms of minimality or maximality properties that they may have.

The Journal of Applied Logics - IfCoLog Journal of Logics and their Applications (FLAP) covers all areas of pure and applied logic, broadly construed. All papers published are open access, and available via the College Publications website. This Journal is open access, and available in both printed and electronic formats. It is published by College Publications, on behalf of IfCoLog (www.ifcolog.net).

The Handbook of Normative Multiagent Systems presents a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art and trends in the research field of normative multiagent systems (NorMAS). The handbook provides a solid introduction to the essentials of the field for newcomers and a selection of advanced issues as a base for future research directions.Norms are widely used to represent ethical, legal, and interactive aspects of social systems. Normative multiagent systems provide a promising model for human and artificial agent coordination since they integrate norms and individual intelligence. Thus, in the NorMAS community we build upon computer science but also logic, legal theory, sociology, psychology, and cognitive science.The handbook is organised in four parts. The introduction part describes the foundations and the history of the field and adds a particular focus on the social sciences' view on norms.The second part describes the major achievements the NorMAS research fi eld attained in the modelling of normative multiagent systems and the main challenges still open. Examples of these challenges include how to specify norms, verify systems of norms, model norm emergence and norm change, detect and subsequently manage norm violations, model organisations and institutions, and the use of agent-based simulation models to study these norm-related processes.Part C is concerned with the engineering of normative multiagent systems, more in particular interaction protocols to convey normative meaning and how to computationally organise normative multiagent systems.The final part is concerned with logically analyzing normative multiagent systems. Given the profound importance of norms in multiagent systems, it is fundamental to understand, e.g., which norms are valid in certain environments, how to interpret them, and to determine the deontic conclusions of such norms.

The Journal of Applied Logics - IfCoLog Journal of Logics and their Applications (FLAP) covers all areas of pure and applied logic, broadly construed. All papers published are open access, and available via the College Publications website. This Journal is open access, and available in both printed and electronic formats. It is published by College Publications, on behalf of IfCoLog (www.ifcolog.net).

This is Volume II of the proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Argumentation: Argumentation and Inference, held at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, in June 2017. The European Conference on Argumentation (ECA) is an established pan-European initiative aiming to consolidate and advance various streaks of research into argumentation and reasoning: philosophy, communication, linguistics, discourse analysis, computer science, psychology, cognitive studies, legal theory, etc. These proceedings reflect the current state of the art of argumentation scholarship across these disciplines and, as such, are a testimony to the vigour of the field. A majority of contributions presented in these volumes frontally tackle the conference theme, thereby offering a valuable and focused discussion on various aspects of inference and on its role in argumentative practices to scholars interested in the topic but also, more broadly, in argumentation theory.

This is Volume I of the proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Argumentation: Argumentation and Inference, held at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, in June 2017. The European Conference on Argumentation (ECA) is an established pan-European initiative aiming to consolidate and advance various streaks of research into argumentation and reasoning: philosophy, communication, linguistics, discourse analysis, computer science, psychology, cognitive studies, legal theory, etc. These proceedings reflect the current state of the art of argumentation scholarship across these disciplines and, as such, are a testimony to the vigour of the field. A majority of contributions presented in these volumes frontally tackle the conference theme, thereby offering a valuable and focused discussion on various aspects of inference and on its role in argumentative practices to scholars interested in the topic but also, more broadly, in argumentation theory.This is Volume I of the proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Argumentation: Argumentation and Inference, held at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, in June 2017. The European Conference on Argumentation (ECA) is an established pan-European initiative aiming to consolidate and advance various streaks of research into argumentation and reasoning: philosophy, communication, linguistics, discourse analysis, computer science, psychology, cognitive studies, legal theory, etc. These proceedings reflect the current state of the art of argumentation scholarship across these disciplines and, as such, are a testimony to the vigour of the field. A majority of contributions presented in these volumes frontally tackle the conference theme, thereby offering a valuable and focused discussion on various aspects of inference and on its role in argumentative practices to scholars interested in the topic but also, more broadly, in argumentation theory.

This text, volume II of a two-volume work, examines in depth the so-called "standard" predicate logic. Including a foundational lexicon of terms and a detour through the classical propositional logic, this volume can be used independently of the first. As a means toward teasing out theoretical subtleties and negotiating formal and philosophic challenges, this work uses detailed examples and exercises; because of this feature, the text can also be used to study formal logic in a rigorous fashion. Given its expressive power, predicate logic is deemed as minimally adequate for formalization of such fundamental languages as that of Mathematics and for translations of the meanings of English (or other natural-language) sentences. Laying foundations in this area is key to a technical understanding of deductive reasoning and to honing rigorous critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Notable (some of them unusual) features that are covered in the present volume include the following: The overview of propositional logic includes positive semantic trees, in addition to the negative semantic tree method. Prenex forms and conversion to equivalent prenex forms. Relational (ultimately polyadic) predicate symbols, function symbols and identity are made available. The decision problem and the L¿wenheim Result are discussed. Proof-theoretic methods are presented analytically and extensive justifications are offered for the required restrictions on the deduction rules. The semantics of predicate logic modeling are presented in analytical detail along with inquiries into the logical-philosophical significance of predicate logic. Translation from English into the predicate logic idiom (formalization, symbolization) is examined thoroughly, accompanied by motivating linguistic observations and thorough scrutiny of available options; aspects of this inquiry include translations under restricted and unrestricted domains, translations of compacted predicates, rendering of non-classically quantified phrases, translations of numerical statements, definite descriptions and regimentation, and guidance on how to render existential presuppositions. Disambiguation is imposed on translations and an extensive list of examples is presented. Translations of idiomatic linguistic expressions are studied. Semantic tree decision procedures (for finitarian domains) - including negative and positive semantic tree systems - are constructed and applied. Appendices on Set Theory, Mathematical Induction and Dialogical Logic are presented.

This text, volume I of a two-volume work, examines in depth the standard (also called classical) propositional logic. This is a theoretical work that aims at a philosophically exploratory and technically rigorous presentation. Detailed examples and exercises are used to tease out technical minutiae, solidify understanding, and point to logical-philosophical puzzles and challenges; because of this feature, the text can also be used to study formal logic in a rigorous fashion. The study of propositional logic can reward the dedicated and patient student by unveiling technical mysteries of critical thinking and problem-solving, by shedding light on relevant concepts in the study of reasoning, by showing how the powerful formal tools and methods work in applications, and by unlocking the crypts of logical analysis. It can hone insights that further contribute both to understanding how logic works and to preparing for future pursuits in the study of formal reasoning.This text encompasses certain topics and decision mechanisms that are usually absent from Logic texts and can be canvassed only through acquaintance with ever larger chunks of the extant bibliography. Rarely covered topics of the present text include: possible-worlds analysis, analyticity and non-cognitivism, detailed investigations of logical relations, alternative grammatical and computational systems, truth tables for dynamic flow of information and corrected truth tables, negative and positive semantic trees, normal forms and Karnaugh maps, Intuitionistic natural deduction, normalization and harmony in proof-theoretic systems, and dialogical logic.

The objective of the present work is to develop a theory of meaning based on the method of transcendental phenomenology. The key idea of the project is to explain the constitution of the meaning by means of the analyses of the intentionality. We have investigated different intentional acts which are functioning in the expression and in constructing the meanings. In this regard we have studied, first, the act of the primordial expression, in which a content of an intuition is raised to the realm of the ideal, and then the acts of the categorial synthesis, in which further meanings are constituted in the absence of their proper intuition. We have investigated the effects of the phenomenological theory of meaning to the conception of pure logic. Dialogical semantics is shown to be an adequate framework, from the phenomenological point of view, to interpret logical reasoning and to explain the meaning of the logical constants as well. We have also discussed the meanings of some logical connectives, and their formalizations, using our phenomenologico-dialogical method. In particular, the meaning explanations of negation(s), strict implication and necessity are given in a way which is not model theoretic nor proof theoretic, but based on the transcendental intentionality as manifested in the course of the dialogue.

The IfCoLog Journal of Logics and their Applications (FLAP) covers all areas of pure and applied logic, broadly construed. All papers published are open access, and available via the College Publications website. This Journal is open access, and available in both printed and electronic formats. It is published by College Publications, on behalf of IfCoLog (www.ifcolog.net).

The Journal of Applied Logics - IfCoLog Journal of Logics and their Applications (FLAP) covers all areas of pure and applied logic, broadly construed. All papers published are open access, and available via the College Publications website. This Journal is open access, and available in both printed and electronic formats. It is published by College Publications, on behalf of IfCoLog (www.ifcolog.net).

The Talmud introduces a specific logical hermeneutics, completely different from the Ancient Greek logic. This hermeneutics first appeared within the Babylonian legal tradition established by the Sumerians and Akkadians to interpret the first legal codes in the world and to deduce trial decisions from the codes by logical inference rules. The purpose of this book is (i) to examine the Talmudic hermeneutics from the point of view of its meaning for contemporary philosophy and logic as well as (ii) to evaluate the genesis of Talmudic hermeneutics which began with the Sumerian/Akkadian legal tradition. The logical hermeneutics of the Talmud is a part of the Oral Torah that was well expressed by the Tannaim, the first Judaic commentators of the Bible, for inferring Judaic laws from the Holy Book.The authors who have contributed to this volume were asked, first of all, to consider the Talmudic hermeneutics from the standpoint of modern philosophy: symbolic logic, rhetoric, analytic philosophy, pragmatics and so on. On the one hand, the authors are interested in possibilities to import some modern philosophical and logical methods into the Talmudic study, and on the other, are interested in possibilities to export new logical principles from the Talmud which are innovative to contemporary philosophy and logic.

La lógica de la Edad Media se presenta a los lógicos contemporáneos, filósofos medievalistas, historiadores yfilósofos de la lógica, como un campo tan fascinante como de difícil acceso. Parece demasiado intrincado paracasi cualquier investigador de estas áreas encontrar la punta del ovillo que lo conduzca a transitar unapresentación ordenada e inteligible de la lógica medieval. Este libro pretende solucionar este problema. Paraello, presenta de manera ordenada y autocontenida los desarrollos lógicos de la parte técnicamente másevolucionada de la lógica de la Edad Media: el siglo XIV. A diferencia de otras presentaciones no evade loshechos históricos y culturales que conforman el panorama de la época ni las cuestiones filosóficas detrás delos desarrollos lógicos, a fin de entender cabalmente las cuestiones técnicas y no desnaturalizar la propuestamedieval.Los primeros tres capítulos se abocan a cuestiones introductorias, históricas y a la genealogía de los tópicosmás importantes. El cuarto capítulo está dedicado a la presentación sintáctica del lenguaje de la lógicamedieval. El quinto y el sexto a la metateoría de esta lógica. El séptimo explora y presenta la semántica. Losdos últimos nos brindan una reconstrucción racional, en términos del lenguaje simbólico contemporáneo, dela lógica de finales del siglo XIV.

The Handbook of Formal Argumentation is a community effort aimed at providing a comprehensive and up-to-date view of the state of the art and current trends in the lively research field of formal argumentation.The first volume of the Handbook is organised into five parts, containing nineteen chapters in all, each written by leading experts in the field.The first part provides a general and historical perspective on the field.The second part gives a comprehensive coverage of the argumentation formalisms available in the literature at various levels of abstraction.The third part is devoted to cover some of the many dialogical aspects of argumentation, while the fourth one deals withalgorithmic, computational and implementation issues.Finally, the fifth part provides some deeper analyses on the previously introduced topics.The Handbook of Formal Argumentation is an open-ended initiative of which the present volume is the first outcome. Further volumes are planned to cover topics not included in the present one and the initiative is conceived to grow by the support and feeding it receives from the community members.

The concept of measuring inconsistency in information was developed by John Grant in a 1978 paper in the context of first-order logic. For more than 20 years very little was done in this area until in the early 2000s a number of AI researchers started to formulate new inconsistency measures primarily in the context of propositional logic knowledge bases. The aim of this volume is to survey what has been done so far, to expand inconsistency measurement to other formalisms, to connect it with related topics, and to provide ideas for further research in a topic that is particularly relevant now in view of the many inconsistencies in the massive amount of information available.The book contains 11 chapters. The first chapter, by John Grant, gives his original motivation for starting this field, explains why it was formulated in a highly mathematical manner, presents important material that was omitted from the original paper, and provides ideas about the use of dimensions in measuring inconsistency. The second chapter, by Matthias Thimm, is a survey that covers most of the research on inconsistency measures up to 2017. The other 9 chapters, all by experts either in inconsistency measures, or in the topic under consideration, or both, connect inconsistency measures with argumentation, disjunctive logic programming, fuzzy logic systems, modal logics, multiset representation, paraconsistent consequence, probabilistic logic, relational databases, and spatio-temporal databases.