Books published by Institute of Physics Publishing

This book provides an overview for all current applications of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a diagnostic and monitoring method for the lifelong debilitating disease multiple sclerosis (MS).

NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory has ushered in a revolution in X-ray astronomy. Written by leading experts in the field to celebrate its 20th anniversary this book includes current reviews of the major discoveries and scientific results from Chandra to date. Topics range from solar-system objects to distant super-massive black holes and the structure of the universe.

Assessment is an important part of any education programme. However, following tradition, many academics offer modules that are lecture-based with a formal unseen examination as the principal assessment. Historical inertia dictates that the form and content of the assessment is essentially the same from year to year without any sort of analysis of how students prepare or what is being tested.This book explores issues relating to student assessment in university-level physics education. The purposes of assessment and current issues are covered in depth alongside analysis of the different types of assessment applied in university physics departments, and suggestions on how assessment might be improved. Reviewing the methodology of assessment, the text is universally applicable to physics teaching at universities worldwide, providing lecturers and course designers with the tools to improve the quality and efficacy of their assessments in physics. With a firm emphasis on practical experience and numerous examples of current assessments, the book serves as a guide to academics new to assessment, as a refresher to more experienced academics who wish to think more deeply about what they are trying to achieve, and as a challenge to senior figures working on higher education infrastructure.Key Features: A timely book that will drive physics departments to think more carefully about their assessment Analyses the types of assessment being applied in university physics departments and suggests how these might be improved Provides an overview of the purpose, methods and methodology of assessment Offers lecturers and course designers with practical advice to improve the quality and efficacy of their assessments in physics Written by a highly-experienced author who has been directly involved in university physics assessments for many decades

With chapters covering ferroelectric materials, ferrite ceramics with magneto-dielectric properties, mullite ceramics with controllable microstructure and anisotropic grain growth behaviours, this is a valuable reference book for advanced students, researchers and engineers in materials science and engineering, applied physics, solid-state lasers and solid-state physics.

This book shows the progress of integrated (thick) CMOS SPADs towards high photon detection probabilities and applications such as in low-cost consumer data communication and high-end single-photon counting for quantum applications. New research is introduced and comprehensively detailed.

This book provides a comprehensive account of the fundamental aspects of electrochemical energy storage devices, with a focus on electrochemical supercapacitors. Building from an in-depth knowledge of the present state of energy utilisation, contextualised against the requirement for renewable energy, the book sets out the components and performance-governing parameters of conventional and supercapacitors, identifying the challenges, trends and limitations involved in their implementation. Accessible and authoritative, this book is ideal for undergraduates, postgraduate students and research scholars, as well as industry professionals working in energy, nanoscience, material science, and the automobile industry for e-vehicles.Key Features:Each chapter contains a table comprising performance parameters of the deviceProvides fundamental electrochemical properties of material and performance parameters for energy storage devicesIncludes requirement, characteristics, classification and recent trends in electrode materials for supercapacitorsSummarizes formation of material by various methodsProvides a broad insight of energy storage devices for future technological applications

Flow Dynamics and Tissue Engineering of Blood Vessels explores the physical phenomena of vessel compliance and its influence on blood flow dynamics, as well as the modification of flow structures in the presence of diseases within the vessel wall or diseased blood content. This volume also illustrates the progress of tissue engineering for the intervention of re-engineered blood vessels. Blood vessel organoid models, their controlling aspects, and blood vessels based on microfluidic platforms are illustrated following on from the understanding of flow physics of blood on a similar platform.The purpose of this book is to provide an overview of regenerative medicine and fluid mechanics principles for the management of clinically diseased blood vessels. Authors discuss tissue engineering aspects and computational fluid mechanical principles, and how they can be used to understand the state of blood vessels in diseased conditions.Key FeaturesComputational and experimental fluid dynamics principles have been used to explore the modelling of diseased blood vesselsPrinciples of fluid dynamics and tissue engineering are used to propose innovative designs of bioreactors for blood vessel regenerationOffers experimental analytical studies of blood flow in vessels with pathological conditionsControlling aspects of various parameters while developing blood-vessel bioreactors and organoid models are presented critically, and optimization techniques for these parameters are also provided

VLSI is a well-established field of research that ignited the modern computing revolution. Serving as a guide to future developments, this book provides a framework for design, modeling concepts, and application of Image Processing based systems using VLSI design techniques. This volume focuses on a range of topics including object detection, recognition, smart traffic management, surveillance systems, face detection, gesture-based automated systems, and smart cities based on automated cameras. The book will help the research community to get in-depth knowledge of various systems that can be designed with image processing techniques using hardware.Key Features: Describes concepts of state-of-the-art Image processing-based VLSI Design.Describes the Hardware implementation of image and video processing algorithms.Offers real-time hardware system design for smart citiesDevelops dedicated hardware design for medical image processing applicationsExplores VLSI design for cognitive science, augmented reality and virtual reality

Healthcare delivery is progressing into a format wherein analysis of a combination of disease data and patient data using predictive analytics provides additional information for physicians and healthcare providers to make more accurate detection, diagnosis, and treatment decisions. This is a unique book offering a novel course on Predictive Analytics in Healthcare. In this book, the focus in chapters is placed on reviewing and analysing the current and future applications of analytics in several health care disciplines, which can, later on, contribute to technical implementation. This book aims to provide comprehensive information to guide physicians, medical students, hospital administrators, biomedical engineering students, data scientists, and the industry in the proper identification of analytics applications in healthcare.Key FeaturesPresents an overview of Predictive Analytics for physicians, medical students, biomedical engineers, and data scientists in the health care domain.Identifies and presents the several existing applications of analytics in healthcare domains such as public health, women's health, telemedicine, and neurology, so that readers specializing in the particular field can have a comprehensive overview of all methodologies already in place.Enables readers to identify what new applications are needed to advance the use of analytics in their field.Presents case studies for the reader to understand how to us predictive analytics to bring their ideas to fruition.

Ever since the first observations of turbulent fluctuations in laboratory plasma experiments in the years around 1980, turbulence in magnetised plasmas has been a subject of vigorous interest in the field of plasma physics and magnetic confinement.The second of a two-volume set, this book begins with a review of the concepts behind magnetised plasma turbulence as covered in Volume One. After covering the effects of temperature dynamics, especially heat flux inertia, the rest of the first half reviews classical field theory in the necessary language, then builds the gyrokinetic and gyrofluid theory in a systematic and self-consistent manner, with special emphasis on energetic consistency. Gyrofluid turbulence in various flavours in a magnetised plasma is then covered, with control cases and energetic analysis. Familiar magnetohydrodynamic instabilities are reproduced in gyrofluid language, and then turbulence in a flow layer, current channel, pressure layer, or all three, is covered. A reprise of the theory in terms of a gauge transform with functional Lie-Poisson bracket structure closes the volume.Key FeaturesWritten by a world-leading expert in magnetised plasma turbulenceFills a long-standing gap in the plasma physics literatureFirst unified book on gyrokinetic and gyrofluid theory and turbulenceIncludes complete derivations of the fundamental concepts

This book focuses on the fundamental excitation properties of a large range of graphene-related materials, presenting a new theoretical framework that couples electronic properties and e-e Coulomb interactions together in order to thoroughly explore Coulomb excitations and decay rates in carbon-nanotube-related systems. It is the ideal reference text for researchers in nanomaterials.

Biosensors have been employed for numerous applications from medical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, pharmaceutical analysis, food quality testing to defence and security purposes. Their development encompasses chemistry, physics, materials science, nanotechnology, and engineering. Being at the intersection of these multiple disciplines, this book is suitable for academic, clinical, and commercial researchers, as well as graduate students. This book reviews the latest studies and developments in the use of a range of biosensor platforms for the analysis of viral infections. Following an introduction to viruses and the importance of virus detection for medical applications the book introduces the properties, fabrication, characterization, applications, and recent research regarding optical, electrochemical, piezoelectric, fluorescence, thermal, magnetic, and micromechanical sensor families. It further embraces state-of-art technological developments that incorporate additional platforms such as microfluidic systems, lab-on-a-chip tools, and molecular imprinting techniques, and also includes relevant chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, and nanotechnology. In each case, the use and potential of each biosensor for viral detection are explained, and these points have been elaborated for the applications in Coronavirus, HIV, Hepatitis, Ebola, Zika, Norovirus, Influenza, SARS, and others.Key FeaturesTimely - with recent outbreaks of SARS, MERS and the present Covid-19 pandemic, biosensors for the detection of viral pathogens offer a cheap, simple to use and fast solution.Includes current trends and recent developments in biosensors, embracing state-of-art technological developments that incorporates additional platforms such as microfluidic systems, lab-on-a-chip-tools, and molecular imprinting techniquesFeatures the common biosensors systems used for medical applications, including applications for Coronavirus, HIV, Hepatitis, Ebola, Zika, Norovirus, Influenza, SARS and others.Future outlook and expectations for the biosensor technology for viral infections

Concepts drawn from topology and differential geometry have become essential to the understanding of several phenomena in condensed matter physics. This book provides a self-consistent introduction to the mathematical ideas and methods from these fields that will enable the student of condensed matter physics to begin applying these concepts with confidence. This expanded second edition adds eight new chapters, including one on the classification of topological states of topological insulators and superconductors and another on Weyl semimetals, as well as elaborated discussions of the Aharonov-Casher effect, topological magnon insulators, topological superconductors and K-theory.Key Features: Provides an introduction to path integral formalism Introduces all the basic concepts in differential geometry and topology Presents the quantum Hall effect using topology conceptsIncludes an introduction to topological insulatorsPresents the Weyl semimetal using topological conceptsStudies spin systems using topology

This volume presents the applications of Nanotechnology to different fields of dentistry. Recognized dental specialities such as orthodontics, endodontics and prosthodontics have been covered in addition to general dentistry applications of nanotechnology. The book, in a comprehensive fashion, delves into such technologies as drug nanocarriers, nanomaterials, implants and other nanoparticle applications related to dentistry, and shows how these, in turn, will enhance therapeutic effects against dental bacteria and erosion. This book not only presents the current trends in dental therapies but also presents the current research trends and potential applications. A bottom-up approach has been mostly adopted to suit the need of a wide audience including novice researchers and post graduate students.Key Features: Each chapter includes brief review in the initial paragraphs followed by recent trendsContent level designed to suit the needs of technicians in addition to novice researchersThere is necessary minimum overlap from available literatureA number of the chapter authors are highly esteemed researchers in their prospective fieldsUnique coverage of such topics as nanorobotic local anesthetics, neurotoxticity, nano endodontic sealers, orthodontic nanorobots, nanodiagnostics

This research and reference text provides a comprehensive and authoritative survey of the state-of-the-art in terahertz electronics research Covering the fundamentals, operational principles, and theoretical aspects of the field, the book equips the reader to take the practical steps involved in the fabrication of devices that work in the terahertz frequency range. Volume two focuses on optical devices and their applications, providing a detailed discussion of bolometers, Golay cells, pyroelectric detectors, optical rectification and electro-optic effect-based components, photoconductive antennas, photomixers, quantum cascade and optically-pumped gas lasers. Applications of terahertz electronics in communication, spectroscopy and imaging are also described. Intended for researchers and professionals in the field, the text is an essential reference for anyone working at the cutting edge of terahertz electronics.Key Features: Provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in terahertz electronics researchThis volume covers photothermal methods, THz optoelectronics and applications in communications, imaging and spectroscopyIncludes fundamentals, operational principles, theoretical aspects of devices and circuits, and advanced researchIncludes discussion sections and illustrative numerical problemsProvides an up-to-date, cohesive text for researchers and professionals, and acts as valuable supplementary reading for electronic engineering students

This book covers the state-of-the-art techniques of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) imaging for the diagnosis of retinal diseases.It is part of a three-volume work that describes the latest imaging techniques in which to bring optical coherence tomography (OCT), Fundus Imaging and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to accurately facilitate the diagnosis of retinal diseases. Clinical disorders of the retina have been attracting the attention of researchers, aiming at reducing the blindness rate. This includes uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, endophthalmitis, proliferative retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma. Treatment is significantly dependent on having early and accurate diagnosis, which can be significantly improved by employing the techniques described in the book.Key Features: Provides a comprehensive overview of all pertinent topics related to optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) imaging techniques, applicable to diagnosis of eye disorders.Offers a unique coverage of Neural Networks in distinguishing eye diseases.Machine learning techniques are presented in detail throughout.Many of the chapter contributors are world-class researchers.Extensive references will be provided at the end of each chapter to enhance further study.

This book provides an overview of Aurivillius phase layer structured ferroelectrics, with a focus on in-depth classification of layer structured materials and their role in developing environmentally sustainable compounds. It is an essential reference for professionals and academics working in the field of electroceramics, electronic component manufacture, materials science and engineering.

This book reviews and showcases the design, fabrication and implementation of printed and flexible sensors and their range of applications. Since the use of flexible sensors has been demonstrated in almost every sector researchers are working towards optimization of present technologies and the implementation of new approaches, especially in light of developments emerging in printed and flexible electronics research. Some of the common issues faced and discussed include sensor stability in dynamic environments, non-availability of point-of-care devices, multifunctional sensing prototypes, requirement of high input power, saturation of sensitivity, difficulty in replacement of sensors operating in harsh real-time environments and need of biocompatible sensors for health monitoring.Key FeaturesReview of the various classes of printed flexible sensors and their applicationsEmbraces fabrication and characterization methods.Included applications for biomedical, industrial and environmental sciences.

This book provides the reader with the history, fundamentals and theoretical aspects of electronic tongues and their applications. It covers strategies to discriminate analytes in complex liquid media with simple and robust tools, the design and the miniaturization of multisensory systems, the novel chemical materials employed and advances in computational tools employed for information visualization and interpretation.In recent years, tremendous advances have been made in the field, most of them focused on advanced computational methods for information visualization and in the miniaturization of systems to allow portability. Including recent developments and fascinating attributes of multisensory systems based on nanostructured materials, including 2D materials, graphene and other polymeric nanostructures.The topics covered in the book are of vital importance in a wide range of modern and emerging nanotechnologies employed or to be employed in a range of industries and monitoring situations, and consequently have a great impact on our society. The main objective of the book is to provide the reader with a basic understanding of the key principles of electronic tongues and the recent advances in the field and will be a key resource for sensor and materials scientists and researchers from universities, industry and national laboratories working in the field of multisensory systems. The reader will understand the approaches to discriminate and classify analytes through the novel design of electrodes, nanostructured chemical materials, and advanced computational methods for information visualization.Key FeaturesInterdisciplinary. For researchers from chemistry, food science, engineering, instrumentation, electrochemistry, pharmacology, physics, and computer science.Includes theoretical aspects of detection techniques and applicationsHighlights novel nanomaterials and nanotechnology strategies for sensing enhancementFeatures advances in computational methods for multidimensional data visualizationConcludes with a roadmap for sensorial data combining machine learning and data mining techniques

Written by an experienced engineer and trainer in the field of cryogenic safety, this book examines the hazards involved in the use of cryogenic materials and the extensive regulations that apply. It is an essential guide for researchers and industry specialists operating in this discipline.

The energy demands of contemporary society mandate the urgent development and commercialisation of a 'post-Li-ion battery'. Metal anodes are an important piece of this puzzle. This research and reference text discusses the role of metal electrodes in batteries in detail. Introducing the fundamental theoretical properties of metal anodes, the book surveys the history and prospects of the field, covering a wide range of metals, including Li, Na, K, Mg, Al, Zn, Ge, Sn, Sb and Bi. The first book of its kind to offer a comprehensive survey of the field, 'Metal Electrodes and Battery Technologies' facilitates engagement with the latest research and future challenges concerning the role of metals in the development of high-capacity batteries. The book is an essential reference for researchers working on metal electrodes for various batteries, as well as useful supplementary reading for students in the fields of electrochemistry and energy storage.Key FeaturesThe first book to provide thorough coverage of metal electrodes for various battery technologiesIncludes fundamental knowledge such as metal properties through to the latest research and future challengesCovers Li, Na, K, Mg, Al, Zn, Sn, Ge, Sb and Bi electrodes and Li, Na, K, Mg, Al and Zn batteriesProvides an essential reference text for researchers and graduate students in the fields of electrochemistry and energy storage

This book covers recent analytical advances in the study of Rydberg atoms and molecules. It presents classical descriptions of electron trajectories in Rydberg atoms, offering a deep physical insight into their dynamics. It surveys shifts and shapes of the corresponding spectral lines. It is ideal for graduate level students and researchers in quantum optics, quantum computing, plasma, and sensing technologies.