Books published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing

The restorative needs for the prosthodontic patient frequently require an increase in occlusal vertical dimension (OVD). This may be due to loss of tooth structure and concomitant loss of OVD, supereruption of opposing teeth into edentulous spaces, or for esthetic reasons. It is often difficult to assess whether OVD has truly been lost. Therefore, it may be prudent to focus on whether alteration in OVD is restoratively acceptable. Another consideration for the alteration in OVD is changes in soft tissue profile. In addition to the correct proportions of the teeth, the relationship of the teeth to the lips and gingiva is also an important factor for an esthetic smile. During a normal smile, the upper lip should rest at the level of the mid-facial gingival margins of the maxillary anterior teeth.4 Furthermore, the gingival outline of the maxillary anterior teeth should follow the upper lip line. The incisal edges of the maxillary anterior teeth should follow the curvature of the lower lip. As the vertical dimension of occlusion increases, the distance between the maxilla and the mandible is increased.

This book presents the basic philosophical theories of the most influential Muslim philosophers, such as Ibn Sina, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Rushd and Ibn Taymiyyah. It emphasizes the dominance of the oneness of knowledge in Islamic philosophy. And it connects the Islamic philosophical theories to the Arab-Islamic culture and communication patterns. It provides a deep analysis of the competing Islamic philosophical traditions and how they shape the current societal and political movements in the Arab-Islamic world. This book is academically beneficial for readers who are interested in Islamic philosophy and the Arab-Islamic culture.

Formulation and evaluation of floating Tablets of atenolol reduces the hypertension. Gastroretentive tablets were formulated using direct compression method by using varying concentrations of retardant HPMC K4M with sodium bicarbonate.The formulations were evaluated for different physicochemical properties like hardeness, thickness, weight variation, friability, uniformity of drug content and invitro drug release studies. Invitro drug release was carried out using USP type I (basket) at 50 rpm in 900 ml of acidic dissolution medium (pH 1.2) for 6 hours. It is observed that optimum concentration of polymer with citric acid was able to produce the desired formulation which releases complete drug in six hours.

This book on Panel data econometrics is for graduate students from institutes, schools and faculties of economics and management. It can also be very useful for any teacher or business practiciens (bank, ministry, hospital, etc). It is an ideal textbook for a first course in panel analysis and modeling. The book starts with an outline of some ratio related to bank financial activity and of prices for stock market situation, and gives analysis tools to the use for panel data treatment. Then, some techniques and models are presented including linear static and dynamic models dealing with stationary and non-stationary data and binary dependent variable approaches. Along the way, real case studies are presented in each chapter of relevant financial applications from fresh investigations using STATA and/or Eviews packages. Sample instructions or codes are also given for the software package.

The book investigates the moderating effects of IFRS 9 implementation on listed banks in Kenya. It explores the effects on loan loss provisions, creation of buffer to withstand shocks and effect on performance of listed banks on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The book explores the period before IFRS 9 implementation and post implementation and compares performance before and after. It also looks at provisions before and after same to reserves.

Maryam Mirzakhani, a Muslim mathematician who was born Thursday, May 5, 1977 in Tehran (Iran). She was a young brilliant superstar, famous specialist in the geometry of unusual shapes (her favourite field) and first-rate mathematician with great human qualities, humbleness, deep curiosity, distinguished talent. Maryam Mirzakhani was an amazing woman who excelled at Mathematics thanks to her perfect knowledge of a wide variety of mathematical techniques, rare combination of technical abilities and disparate mathematical cultures. She received the Fields Medal on Wednesday, August 13, 2014 within the opening day of the International Congress of Mathematicians at Seoul (South Korea). She died (at age 40) on Friday, July 14, 2017 at Stanford Hospital in Stanford (California). Upon her death, in Iran, his country of origin, President of the Republic and other officials, politicians and the media praised her memory. Most Iranian newspapers published Mirzakhani's photographs, including without veil, to salute the memory of this mathematician who died of metastatic breast cancer she had been fighting for four years, leaving orphan her little daughter Anahita Vondráková.

India, the second-most populous nation, yet struggles to give its people free access to high-quality education. Promoting online and distance learning in addition to traditional education is one approach to making quality education more widely available. After realizing the necessity to develop a solid digital culture in the nation, the Government of India launched numerous programs and projects nationwide, such as the establishment of the National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL) in 2003 by joined collaboration among 7 IITs along with Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore to provide online video lectures of experts from IITs and IISc.; Digital India Campaign launched on 1st July 2015; ePathshala launched in November 2015; Study Webs of Active¿Learning for Young Aspiring Minds (SWAYAM) Launched on 9th July 2017; National Broadband Mission launched on 17th December 2019, and PM eVIDYA Programme introduced in May 2020 to make e-learning more accessible for Indian students and teachers by strengthening digital education in India. The book's main aim is to motivate learners to learn in the blended mode for reflective learning.

Agriculture in India is livelihood for a majority of the population and can never be underestimated. Although its contribution in the gross domestic product (GDP) has reduced to less than 20 per cent and contribution of other sectors increased at a faster rate, agricultural production has grown. This has made us self-sufficient and taken us from being a begging bowl for food after independence to a net exporter of agriculture and allied products. He reforms towards privatization, liberalization and globalization affected inputs market at a faster pace. Agricultural marketing reforms after 2003 made changes in marketing of agricultural outputs by permitting private investment in developing markets, contract farming and futures trading, etc. Working conditions of agricultural workers, like industrial, are one of the burning issues in a developing region. It is related to agricultural activities of the workers and their socio-economic status. This book provides various information's on Agriculture and its various dimensions.

The world of investment is fascinating and, at the same time, enigmatic. Only knowledgeable investors can minimize investment-related risks through systematic planning and efficient and effective management of their assets. In this book investment and Portfolio Management, you gain that knowledge. It will be helpful to academicians and practitioners and offers a scientific approach to investment management, comprehensive coverage of theory, tools, and techniques of investments, a focus on stock market instruments, and is richly illustrated to help understand methods of processing investment information. Further, it helps students learn how to manage their money to derive the maximum benefit from what they earn--now and in the future. It combines investment instruments and capital markets with theoretical detail on evaluating investments and opportunities to satisfy risk-return objectives. It also emphasizes how investment practice and theory are influenced by globalization.

System reliability modeling in terms of fuzzy set theory is basically utilizing the type-2 fuzzy sets, where the fuzzy membership is assumed as point-wise positive function ranging on [0,1]. Such a practice might not be practical because an interval valued membership may reflect the vagueness of system better according to human thinking patterns. The Grey fuzzy set is more capable to handle the uncertainty of system using type-2 fuzzy set.

This book contains the epidemiology, bioclimatograph and anthelmintic assessment of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats of Uttarakhand. The results of epidemiology indicated that sheep and goats were infected with G.I. strongyles throughout the year in both tarai and hill regions of Uttarakhand with the highest prevalence being in rainy season. Bioclimatographs prepared can serve as prediction models to aid in devising management strategies against strongyles. Based on the epidemiological pattern of G.I. nematodes in sheep and goats, it is suggested that they should be treated with anthelmintics once in May/June, August/September and February/March. Both sheep and goats harboured predominantly Haemonchus parasites besides Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum, Strongyloides and Bunostomum ¿ which exert negative effects on productivity of animals as suggested by increased weight gains and improvement in haemato-biochemical alterations post-treatment with anthelmintics. These epidemiological findings can thus be utilized in formulating an effective control programme against G.I. nematodosis.

Extension is a term which is open to a wide variety of interpretations. Each extension agent probably has his own understanding of what extension is. This understanding will be based on past experience and the particular type of extension service in which the agent is working. In other words, there is no single definition of extension which is universally accepted or which is applicable to all situations. Furthermore, extension is a dynamic concept in the sense that the interpretation of it is always changing. Extension, therefore, is not a term which can be precisely defined, but one which describes a continual and changing process in rural areas. The term extension may be examined by looking at a number of statements that have been written about it. Extension is an informal educational process directed toward the rural population. This process offers advice and information to help them solve their problems. Extension also aims to increase the efficiency of the family farm, increase production and generally increase the standard of living of the farm family. The objective of extension is to change farmers' outlook toward their difficulties.

The respiratory tract is one of the oldest routes used for the administration of drugs. Over the past decades inhalation therapy has established itself as a valuable tool in the local therapy of pulmonary diseases such as asthma or COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease).This type of drug application in the therapy of these diseases is a clear form of targeted drug delivery to lungs.The drug used for asthma and COPD eg.- ¿2-agonists such as salbutamol (albuterol), Terbutalin formoterol, corticosteroids such as budesonide, Flixotide or beclomethasone and mast-cell stabilizers such as sodium cromoglycate or nedocromi are available like DPI (Dry Powder Inhaler),MDI (Metered Dose Inhaler) and Nebulizers.

The study aim at the different impact that can have the insecurity crisis on women and teenagers in the Sahel region. According to the Literature, insecurity has many impacts on the most vulnerable part of the community as women and Teenagers. As impacts of the insecurity that the women are facing:¿ The violence (physical, sexual, and the violence on gender), ¿ Increasing of internally displaced persons, refugees, ¿ The school closed¿ food insecurity. ¿ water scarcity is another impact of insecurity on the women and teenagers in the Sahel region.The Methodology is based on an Overview of some studies, articles, documents,s and some real examples of women and teenagers in insecure situations in the Sahel region. Secondary data sources with some Article documents will be used for the study. The result shows that Education, human rights, food security, and the well-being of the community are affected. The insecurity has many consequences for the community, what can be the solution?

The book was written by Israel's leading specialist in the field of protecting electrical equipment from the effects of an electromagnetic pulse from a high-altitude nuclear explosion (HEMP). It is the final work that completes the cycle of the author's works published earlier in his articles and books on this topic. This book details completed and tested protection devices, developed by the author on the basis of previous research, which are intended for practical implementation and industrial production. Power transformer protection, diesel-generator, control cabinets, battery chargers, UPS, telecommunication systems and much more. The book is of interest to engineers in the field of electric power, water supply, telecommunications and other critical infrastructure sectors, as well as to industry specialists, lecturers and students of universities and colleges.

The pelvis is the bony part of the body formed by the junction of three bones, two similar bones called the sacrum and one bone called the sacrum. A cavity called the acetabular cavity is formed from the placement of the three sacrum and sacrum bones next to each other. Anatomy of the pelvis or pelvis is the middle part of the human body, located between the abdomen (spine) and the thighs. The human pelvis consists of the bony part, the pelvic cavity, the pelvic floor and the perineum. In addition, the digestive system, reproductive organs, muscles and many veins are located inside the pelvis. Apart from bearing the weight of the body, the pelvis can transfer the weight of the upper part of the body to the lower limb and act as a connection point to connect the muscles of the lower limb and the trunk. When sitting, all the weight of the body is directly transferred to the surface through the pelvis. In addition, the pelvis protects the pelvic and abdominal viscera. The hip joint in the pelvis is the most important part in movement.

This book provides state of the art guidance on the successful application of biomechanics in clinical orthodontics. Inside yoüll also find:Cutting edge topics: such as Temporary Anchorage Device, Segmental and Sectional mechanics, current trends Airway, Aligner.Information on the latest advances and guidelines in the use and selection of orthodontic appliances that present all the viable option to aid in clinical decision-making.Comprehensive coverage of diagnosis, treatment planning, a biomechanical strategy that address a variety of orthodontic problems.Information of using extraction and non-extraction treatment modalities such as, Herbst appliances, springs, and other methods to yield predictable results.Key techniques for treating malocclusion, including how simple changes in the fabrication, arch wire bending, placement of screws can greatly improve the quality of tooth movement.

In India and in the world pollution is increasing day to day, which severely affects all living beings and damages our earth. Because of rise in vehicles, there is a rise in air, sound pollution. On the other hand, factories also release waste gases into the air. Because of pollution there is a rise in harmful ultraviolet rays. Because of light intensity during night times, accidents occur because of light reflections from either side vehicles may cause blurred sensation in eyes. In this project we are proposing an embedded device which is a combination of embedded system and PHP web server and measure the parameters like CO gases, sound intensity, UV and light intensities. If any of these parameters crosses it¿s limit then it will send data to PHP server from the server message will be sent to the authorities to take action in that area to control pollution.