Books published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing

In endodontics, irrigants are essential for successful root canal therapy, contributing significantly to disinfection, debris removal, and overall procedural success. Recent advancements in endodontics have spurred innovative trends in irrigant technology. Beyond conventional antimicrobial agents like sodium hypochlorite, bioactive solutions have gained prominence. Researchers explore compounds such as chitosan and propolis, aiming not only to eliminate pathogens but also to actively promote tissue healing and regeneration, fostering a biocompatible environment in the root canal. Another pivotal development involves the integration of nanotechnology, with nanoparticles enhancing penetration and antimicrobial effects. Furthermore, alternative irrigation techniques such as laser-activated and passive ultrasonic irrigation are gaining attention for their ability to improve penetrative efficiency and debris removal, thereby reducing the risk of residual infection. These evolving trends not only enhance antimicrobial efficacy but also contribute to tissue healing, potentially redefining root canal therapy standards for a more tailored approach to patient care.

The introduction of Goods and Services Tax (GST) would be a very significant step in the field of indirect tax reforms in India. Retail refers to the activity of reselling. Due to the lower cost structures raised from tax benefits (if turnover is less than 1.5 crore) disorganised retailers have grown faster Compared to organised rivals. Indiäs standard shifts to the Goods and Services Tax (GST) management brought Majority of retailers into the indirect tax net for the first Time and thereby increased compliance costs for retailers. Complying with GST is bit complex for retailers at present. However, in the long run it will benefit for small and medium scale businesses and for the consumers as well. Hence the present study is focused on finding the impact of using GST, their opinion and their challenges while using GST.

A Company Secretary also known as a Compliance Officer is a senior position in a sector establishment and one of the positions, which is a part of the Key Managerial Personnel (KMP) of a company which includes the Board of Directors. Company Secretary is named as a Corporate Secretary in a publicly listed corporation. The responsibility of efficient administration of a company, particularly regarding ensuring of compliance with statutory and regulatory requirement and for ensuring that decisions of the Board of Directors, lies in the hands of a Company Secretary. The highest level in an organisation is the Managerial Level, where a Company Secretary is assigned for the same to ensure that the business complies with all the legal requirements and the company¿s smooth operation.The Companies Act, 2013 states the compulsory appointment of a Company Secretary for the companies with the paid-up capital of ¿ 5 crores and more. Company Secretaries facilitates the CEO, Non- Executive Directors and other crucial areas using their comprehensive and practically learned skill set in Corporate Secretarial Practice, Finance, Corporate Governance and Law.

This book explores the interpersonal prowess of school principals and its correlation with the school climate, recognizing its profound impact on teaching and learning. At the heart of this exploration is interpersonal leadership, which emphasizes collaboration with both teaching staff and students as integral to success. Addressing vital components of preparation and direction in leadership, the book unveils teachers' perceptions of principals' interpersonal skills within the school climate. Titled 'The Pursuit of Achievement,' it serves as a guiding beacon for school leaders, empowering them to forge successful 21st-century learning environments. By integrating innovative teaching methods and interpersonal strategies, this book propels school principals into a pivotal role in cultivating a positive and thriving school climate.

Mobile phone has been an amazing invention, which revolutionized communication between humans. It has now become a piece of technology, which is deeply ingrained, in modern life. With the invention of Android ¿a mobile operating system, has bought a revolution in the world of mobile phones. Android is an amazing mobile platform from Google, which has recently created a great amount of buzz in the mobile market. Being completely open, this mobile platform allows application developers to unleash their creativity and in the same time giving end users the privilege to experience freedom of experimenting new possibilities. The Android SDK provides the tools and APIs necessary to begin developing applications on the Android platform using the Java programming language. Using such an amazing technology we have designed an Android mobile application titled ¿GNITS E-Talk using Android ¿. In this application we deal with two different issues browsing the net and conversion of text to speech. The idea is to give, voice as the output to the user¿s search which helps the users to get the information even if he is unable to read due to various reasons (travelling or eyesight problem).

In this book we introduce eleven chapters which cover the most important subjects in mathematical analysis, Calculus, Series, Reimann's Integral, Measure Theory, Lebesgue Integral, Complex Analysis, Metric Space, Normed Space, Hilbert Space, Operators, Generalized Functions. This book is important for undergraduate and graduate students because we introduce the main subjects of mathematical analysis.In the last chapter ( Generalized Functions ) we introduce the generalized function as a linear bounded functional on the space of test functions.Also we define the translations in the space of generalized functions. We show that the operation of multiplication is not associative.

Human Capital evaluation is always a challenge to both academicians and industries. This challenge is posed by the intangible nature of Human Capital. Measuring human capital is always an important task due to its capacity to enhance firm performance, profitability and strategic decision making. There have been many articles from academic researchers regarding how to measure human capital. Many pioneering researchers in this field have come forward with certain measurement models for measuring Human Capital.

This book presents the control strategy and steady-state model analysis of a grid-connected wind-photovoltaic (PV) hybrid power system that is proposed. PV power, wind power, and an intelligent power controller make up the system. PV generation systems with non-linear characteristics were subjected to an analysis of their performance using the General Regression Neural Network (GRNN) method. A radial basis function network-sliding mode (RBFNSM) method with good performance for online training is developed to determine the turbine speed in order to maximize wind power extraction.The intelligent controller is made up of a GRNN for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control and an RBFNSM for rapid and steady power control response. The PV system uses GRNN, and the wind turbine's pitch angle is regulated by RBFNSM. The output signal is used to drive the boost converters in order to achieve the MPPT. The findings of the simulation verify that the suggested hybrid generation system can produce high efficiency when MPPT is used.

Nanotechnology is such a new and exciting area of science, so there are many ways in which it can progress. It is an emerging field with a significant potential to yield new generation of technologically advanced clinical tools and devices for oral health-care. Nanotechnology is a new approach in dentistry. By providing novel methods, it increases efficacy, accuracy and speed of treatment while decreasing costs. Nano-enabled technologies thus provides an alternative and superior approach to assess the onset or progression of diseases, to identify targets for treatment interventions as well as the ability to design more biocompatible, microbe resistant dental materials, and implants. Major advances are also expected in the field of preventive dentistry and imitating processes that occur in nature.

To achieve long- term profitability. you need to create and maintain loyal customers, but it's hard to do so in the competitive environment. Brand loyalty is the repeated purchase of any customer that reflects continuous buying and shows a positive attitude towards the brand to buy that product in the future. This is not a repetitive purchase; it is a psychological commitment for the customer towards the brand. Purchasing behavior refers to individuals or organizations doing business along with the impact of various factors that influence them in decision making on the purchase of products and services in a market.

In endodontics, the term "working width" denotes the cross-sectional measurement of a root canal, specifically at its apex. This is a vital component of endodontic treatment that is frequently underestimated. The appropriate working width is established by using an instrument that is marginally larger than the apical root canal's diameter. This larger tool aids in the removal of the most contaminated dentin and residual pulp from the root canal's apical region.Root canals do not always have a round shape, which can lead to misinterpretations when viewed on two-dimensional radiographs. The internal working width of root canals can be categorized as round, oval, elongated oval, flattened, or irregular. The accurate working width can be determined through a combination of understanding the internal anatomy of teeth and practical experience, using the appropriate manual instruments.If the working width is not correctly determined, it can result in either excessive removal of dentin or insufficient cleaning of the apical region. Hence, a thorough understanding of the working width is essential for successful endodontic treatment.

The population is ever increasing and the Agricultural Sector has to be strengthened in all respects to be able to feed all. Projections indicate that our world will have over 9.9 billion people by 2050, compared to just over 7.7 billion today. To feed all the people, particularly when over nine million people already die annually due to starvation and hundreds of millions more suffer from chronic or periodic food insecurity, is the crisis that should be addressed instantly on war footing. Agriculture, particularly, the small and mid-sized farmers who produce a significant amount of food for the world, continues to be extremely vulnerable to the effects of natural disasters. In India, agricultural risks are caused by a variety of factors that include frequent natural disasters, uncertainties in yields and prices, weak rural infrastructure, unorganised markets and lack of access to institutional financial services. This book tries to look into implementation of various Crop Insurance Schemes in India since independence in general and Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana in particular as risk management tool.

Aluminum although very ductile, but it is having very poor formability which restricts its use in most of the industrial applications which require forming e.g. automobile engineering. In recent years there is an effort to increase the temperature of the material before and during forming. Generally, in any operation large amount of time is consumed in trial and error method and there are high chances that the tools are to be redesigned whenever the desired products are not obtained. So, this trial and error method involves lot of experience and loss of valuable time. To overcome this problem, process modeling by computer simulation called Finite Element Method (FEM) has been introduced which stimulates the actual process and thus saves time and money. The FEM model is constructed in LS-DYNA and after simulating the process results are compared with the experimental ones.

One of the effective instruments for examining atomic and molecular structures and widely used to examine a wide variety of chemicals is spectroscopy. The goal of the current book is to investigate several pharmacological substances utilizing theoretical calculation methods and spectroscopic approaches. It has also made it possible to use a commercial FT-IR spectrometer's extensive data handling capabilities. These techniques are used to measure the vibrational energy levels in a sample. Its applications are basic drug research and structural elucidation, formulation development and validation, quality control processes for incoming and outgoing materials, and packaging testing. The goal of obtaining an accurate understanding of the molecules' vibrational spectra is currently the focus of extensive research. The study of molecular dynamics has greatly been benefited from the density functional theory approach of examining molecular vibrations. This work has determined the vibrational frequencies and various properties of certain prominent natural particles using the Gaussian program, which is developed for performing DFT estimations.

Bioceramics have emerged as a groundbreaking material in the field of endodontics, revolutionizing the way dental professionals approach root canal therapy. These ceramic-based materials, such as calcium silicate-based cements, have gained prominence due to their exceptional biocompatibility, bioactivity, and sealing properties. In endodontics, bioceramics are extensively utilized as root canal sealers and repair materials. Their ability to form hydroxyapatite, a mineral similar to tooth structure, promotes tissue integration and enhances the long-term stability of root-filled teeth. Additionally, bioceramics exhibit antimicrobial properties, aiding in the prevention of bacterial recontamination. Their versatility extends to various clinical scenarios, including pulp capping, perforation repair, and apical surgery. The introduction of bioceramics in endodontics signifies a paradigm shift towards more efficient and biologically harmonious treatment modalities, fostering improved outcomes and long-term success in preserving dental health.

Structural control systems are used in civil engineering to minimize damage and dissipate energy caused by dynamic environmental loads in structures. These control methods can be classified into four groups: passive control, active control, semi-active control, and hybrid control. Structural control systems can be classified into two main categories: passive and active. Passive systems do not require external power or feedback to operate, and rely on the inherent properties of the structure or additional devices to dissipate or reduce vibrations.

Humans on the earth are continuously approaching to become aliens. Firstly the adoption of things by humans which becomes essential because of the mistakes we've made. In order to give indications of nature and to find new technology, we have to play with nature again and again, as a result of which today's situation is not going to be good for us. We have spread our needs without thinking the result. Firstly think very seriously before adoption of any new technology or event, this is very important. Skipping any step in adoption of new technology will have very bad results in future. Different wars whether they are technological and biological leaves bad impact among the society. Recently we have seen the corona crisis, millions of deaths. Till now people have to wear mask and have to change their living pattern, like mask becomes an essential part of the human life. I consider this thing as the first step by humans to be an alien. Our planet also faces the interconnected crises of rapid climate change and biodiversity loss. We have years, not decades, to address these existential threats.

Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) is a 920 MW (thermal) heavy water moderated and boiling light water cooled thermal reactor. Considering the large thorium reserves in India, the future nuclear power program will be based on thorium 233U fuel cycle. However, there is a need for the timely development of thorium based technologies for the entire fuel cycle. The Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) has been designed to fulfill this need. The physical dimensions of AHWR are large compared to the neutron migration length in the core, due to which a serious situation called ¿flux tilt¿ may arise in AHWR. Further, situations such as on-line refueling might cause transient variations in flux-shape from the nominal flux-shape. For analysis and control of spatial oscillation developed in AHWR, it is necessary to design a suitable control strategy, which will be able to stabilize these oscillations. In this book, modern control techniques are employed for spatial control of AHWR. The modern control techniques considered here, are Multirate Output Feedback based control and Fuzzy Logic based control.

Pediatric dentists have a range of behavioral management methods at their disposal, and it is crucial to tailor these approaches in accordance with cultural, philosophical, and legal standards in the dentist's country of practice. The primary objective of these methods is to benefit the child in their dental care.As societal perceptions of dentistry, technological advancements, lifestyle changes, and parental behaviors continue to evolve, there is an increasing need to identify and develop improved, safer, and contemporary behavioral management methods for pediatric patients.In recent times, there has been a noticeable shift towards emphasizing evidence-based treatment guidelines in dentistry. However, the absence of randomized controlled trials means that consensus merely reflects the prevailing mindset. Even when controlled trials are available, drawing definitive conclusions is not always feasible. This challenge is particularly evident when addressing dental anxiety, especially in the context of pediatric age groups.

The analysis of a coordinated design approach that combines a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller and a unified power flow controller (UPFC)-based stabilizer.The book could explore how this approach can improve power system stability, enhance power quality, and optimize power flow control. It may also discuss the challenges associated with implementing this coordinated design approach and how these challenges can be addressed. Overall, the book could provide insights into the effectiveness of this approach in practical power systems and how it can be applied to enhance the overall performance of the power system.

Solar energy is one such non-conventional and sustainable form of energy that also has a high potential for conversion into electrical power. With the present solar energy harvesting technologies, we only have high production at specific periods, typically noon.This project presents a dual axis solar tracker system that significantly boosts productivity. This project work is made up of several LDR sensors and a motorized mechanism that rotates the panel in the direction of the sun. A dual-axis tracker can improve energy by tracking sun rays from several solar panels. The microcontroller-based control system detects sunlight and controls the motorized mechanism. This project may also be used to simulate raindrops, temperature, and humidity using sensors, and the results can be shown on a mobile phone. This technology operates continuously and without interruption, increasing the efficiency of the solar panels by up to 80%.

This book is about relationship between transportation, urbanization and economy in terms of engineering, politics and history for future cities. Expresses histrorical period on the center of the world and gives the mentality of planning perspective and the philosophy of cilivilization, urban and engineering. It explains the basics of Turkey via Anatolia, Balkans, Mesopotamia, Caucasian and Levant (Aleppo). It sheds light to guide of the engineer.

"Social Commerce: The Future of Online Shopping" is a comprehensive guide that explores the latest trends and developments in social commerce. The book is designed to provide insights and strategies for businesses that want to harness the power of social media to drive sales and engagement. The book starts by providing an overview of social commerce and its evolution, including the rise of social media platforms as a key driver of e-commerce growth. It then delves into the strategies and tactics that businesses can use to effectively leverage social media to reach and engage customers. This includes the use of social media advertising, influencer marketing, and other emerging social commerce trends. Throughout the book, readers will learn about best practices, case studies, and practical tips from industry experts on how to create effective social commerce strategies. The book also includes a detailed analysis of the most popular social media platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and Pinterest, and how they can be used for social commerce. In addition, the book discusses the importance of creating a seamless user experience, the role of customer reviews and ratings.

The research topic "Pharmacological Characteristics of Phytodiabetol" is dedicated to the study of a biologically active substance with unique properties aimed at regulating blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes. Phytodiabetol, extracted from plant sources, is the focus of attention due to its potential effectiveness in the treatment and control of diabetes. The study explores the mechanisms of action of phytodiabetol on glucose metabolism, its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as prospects for clinical application. The obtained results may contribute to the development of new methods for treating diabetes and optimizing therapy using natural components.

The Information Contained in this book has been obtained by author from sources believed to be reliable and are correct to the best of her knowledge. Every effort has been made to avoid errors and ensure accuracy. The book is meant for developing an Face Recognition based attendance System using ESP32 CAM with arduino IDE. The content presented in this book can be used to develop more applications in terms of security.

Strontium silicate (Sr2SiO4) nanophosphors were prepared by solution combustion synthesis method were characterised by X-ray diffraction, SEM and TEM. Structural optimisation of Sr2SiO4 nanophosphors were done by variation in temperature, fuel and calcination temperature and for the synthesis was obtained. The optimal condition for phosphor synthesised using glycine as a fuel calcinated at 900° C for the duration of 3 hours exhibited better crystallinity. The optimal condition was used further in synthesising of Sr2SiO4:Sm3+, Sr2SiO4:Eu3+ and Sr2SiO4:Dy3+ phosphors. XRD of all the synthesised phosphors were well indexed with JCPDS card No.39-1256 that corresponds to orthorhombic structure. Scherrer and WH-plots were used to determine the average crystallite size and were found to be around 40 nm, 43 nm and 38 nm for Sm3+, Eu3+ and Dy3+ doped Sr2SiO4 respectively. Detailed structural analysis of Dy3+ doped Sr2SiO4 was studied.

Burr formation is considered as a detrimental phenomenon that not only decreases the machined part surface and assembly quality but also increases the production cost. To perform burr removal from machined edges and holes, a secondary operation called deburring is demanded. Currently, the deburring is carried out manually by the worker and it is time consuming process. Also, the inspection of axle outer race components is carried out manually and the results are recorded in job sheet status report by operators. In order to reduce the processing time and to reduce the time taken for recording the inspection results an innovative solution is proposed. The designing of the deburring setup is carried out followed by fabrication. Subsequently, an inspection technique is successfully employed in order to identify the defects in the axle outer race to assist the operator. The results of the implementation of the developed setup showed that the deburring operation has become convenient for the worker. The computer based inspection setup has delivered an accuracy of 90 % of correct detection of defects.

Orthodontic bio-materials are made up of metal alloys, polymers, and composites. Each materials have their own advantages and disadvantages over the other. Interestingly none of the materials have all the ideal properties together. To overcome the disadvantages, a marked improvement in science and technology and materials helped to improve the material properties. Thus as long as humans thrives for excellence their search and betterment towards bio-materials will continue forever.

This book intends to analyze the influence of teacher's motivation towards learners' achievement in Rwanda, especially in Gitambi sector secondary schools located in Rusizi district. The main objective of this study included: investigating how teacher's motivation influences learners¿ achievement in Rwanda, especially at Gitambi sector secondary schools in Rusizi district. The specific objectives were; to identify the types of motivation that led to learners¿ achievement in Gitambi sector secondary schools. To explore the ways used to motivate teachers in Gitambi sector secondary schools. To assess the relationship between teachers¿ motivation and learners' achievement in Gitambi sector secondary schools.

After three preceding set of practical exercises laid forward in a manuscript on Business & Finance Softwares, I have inspired from my previous taught modules to extend this work as a set of 30 cohesively written practical exercises in professional softwares, pertaining to the field of Human Resource Management, in a similar style as in the preceding manuscripts. Such exercises apply better to beginner levels in university courses. Of course, its applicability to advanced level courses may be appreciated by many academicians to their discretion. It is retained here that adaptations and refinements of these exercises by academicians to their requirements is very possible. It is recommended for students to devise good/workable summary sheets for each exercise, along with writing proper report and referencing needed. For each exercise, a share of theory with analysis is required to develop thinking and critical/professional abilities. Most exercises are devised for computers/laptops along with currently trending smart phones/tablets. Students must communicate properly with their coach, who in turn, are recommended to perform judicious follow-ups and counselling.