Books published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing

Among the oilseeds, groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is known to be a unique and important legume cum oilseed crop of India accounting 33% of world's groundnut area and about 27.3% production. It belongs to Fabaceae family. It is also known as peanut, monkey nut, earthnut, manila nut and goober. It is world's largest source of edible oil and ranks 13th among the food crops. Organic manures play a vital role in increasing the productivity of pulses by several means. Farm Yard Manure (FYM) not only supplies all the macro and micro nutrients but also acts as a soil conditioner. Vermicompost is a product of non-thermophilic biodegradation of organic material by combined action of earthworms and associated microbes. Phosphorus rich organic manure (PROM) is the phosphorus rich organic fertilizer, which is a type of fertilizer used as an alternative to di-ammonium phosphate and single super phosphate. Mulching is a protective cover spread over the ground to reduce evaporation, maintain soil temperature, prevent erosion, control weeds and enrich the soil etc. The better growth and quality found in manures with 20 kg N/ha from vermicompost along with 250 kg PROM/ha.

Advancements in technology have enabled us to delve deeper into the realm of hand gestures and their significance. One such innovation is hand gesture recognition, a field that combines computer vision and machine learning to interpret and understand the gestures made by human hands. With the help of Python, a versatile and popular programming language, we can harness this technology and unlock a myriad of applications.We will delve into the fundamentals of the subject, discuss various techniques and algorithms, and showcase practical examples of how this technology can be implemented in real-world scenarios.

Монография служит руководством для ученых, работающих в области литературы, фольклора и этнографии. В этом сборнике анализируются образцы народно-устного творчества - мифы, повествования, сказки, их содержание, поэтика, жанровые особенности. В частности, подчеркивается роль народных сказок, художественные особенности этих жанров, роль человеческого разума в совершенствовании знаний. Монография одобрена и рекомендована к публикации протоколом 2-го заседания Ученого совета Каракалпакского отделения Академии наук Узбекистана Каракалпакского гуманитарного научно-исследовательского института от 5 февраля 2024 года.

Study of International Business is becoming an inevitable subject area as economies across the globe are integrating like never before. Markets are widening, at the same time international trade disputes in the area of intellectual properties. There is growing concern and expectations on the trading blocs created by various nations in stabilizing the international economies and markets. This present book contains 4 Units with 12 chapters on various elements of International Business. Chapter-1 cover international Business Environment, Chapter-2 covers Emerging Economies & Trade Blocs, Chapter- 3 International Marketing, Chapter-4 Entry Strategies and Selection, Chapter-5 Supply Chains, Chapter-6 Methods of Payments, Chapter-7 Bilateral and Multilateral Trade, Chapter- 8 WTO, Chapter-9 Patent Laws, Chapter-10 India's Foreign trade, Chapter-11 IMF & IBRD, Chapter-12 SAARC & BRIC. Possible questions are given at end of every chapter and additional insights at the end of every unit to provide recent trends. All these features will go a long way in helping students to gain the basic knowledge of International Business and perform well in the examinations successfully.

Precise temperature control is crucial in band dryer systems to ensure product quality, process efficiency, and energy conservation. However, traditional proportional-integral-Derivative (PID) controllers often struggle with the nonlinearities, uncertainties, and disturbances inherent in these systems. This research investigates the application of a fuzzy logic-based PID controller (FL-PID) to achieve robust and adaptive temperature control in a band dryer system. This work proposes a novel approach that combines the strengths of fuzzy logic and PID control, and we have carried out simulation work for fuzzy control procedures and PID control procedures in MATLAB Simulink. This adaptive tuning allows the controller to react quickly to disturbances and maintain tight temperature tracking, minimizing overshoot and settling time.

In the exploration of multilingual societies, code mixing emerges as a fascinating phenomenon, reflecting the intricate interplay of various factors shaping language practices. "Factors Influencing Code Mixing" delves into this complex terrain, offering a comprehensive analysis of the diverse influences that contribute to the blending of linguistic elements from different languages within discourse.At its core, code mixing is a dynamic process influenced by a myriad of socio-cultural, cognitive, and linguistic factors. This book navigates through these influences, shedding light on how societal norms, cultural identity, and language ideologies intersect to shape language choice and usage patterns. From the linguistic strategies employed in diverse social settings to the language practices of diasporic communities, the social context emerges as a crucial determinant in understanding the forms and functions of code mixing.Moreover, "Factors Influencing Code Mixing" delves into the cognitive processes underlying language blending, revealing how bilingual and multilingual individuals navigate between linguistic systems.

3D Imaging Techniques in Endodontics" provides a comprehensive exploration of advanced imaging technologies and their applications in the field of endodontics, a branch of dentistry focused on diagnosing and treating diseases of the dental pulp and surrounding tissues. The book delves into the principles, methodologies, and clinical implications of various three-dimensional imaging modalities, including cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and optical coherence tomography (OCT), among others. It discusses the advantages and limitations of each technique, offering insights into their accuracy, resolution, and radiation exposure levels. Additionally, the text explores how these cutting-edge imaging tools enhance the diagnosis, treatment planning, and outcome assessment of endodontic conditions, such as root canal anatomy variations, apical pathosis, and trauma-related injuries. Through case studies and practical guidelines, the book equips dental practitioners, radiologists, and researchers with the knowledge and skills needed to integrate 3D imaging into their clinical practice effectively.

Positivism does transcend ethnic - religious barriers. We cannot, in any sense, associate religious characters and ethnic identities to positivism. Positivism is equal to sheer reason, absolute precision, true knowledge, perpetual firmness, and pure justice. The nature of positivism is, put it in other words, axiomatic. It is the target of the author to advance the concept of positive creationism. Positive Creationism is equal to an effective form of analytic theology. The individual believing in the presence of an ontological creator should necessarily conceive religions as methods of pedagogy. The appearance of religions has facilitated the process of civilization of mankind. The Creator is equal to absolute perfection. From the perspective of postulated logic, the Creator is the cause of everything. The highest form of codified perfection on earth is equal to positive knowledge. While there is no certainty concerning the positive (scientific) origin of the world, we - by using causal inference (postulated logic) - must arrive at the conclusion that no physical matter (for example chemical matter) can arise from nothing. Whatever form of matter should have an ontology.

Sandstone samples from the Enagi Formation, found at the base of sections in the study area, indicate deposition in a fluvial environment. Texturally immature yet compositionally mature, they exhibit poor sorting and abundant quartz minerals. Petrographic analysis suggests a mixed origin from igneous and metamorphic sources, supported by the presence of mineral inclusions like zircon and tourmaline. Sandstones with high quartz content likely possess enhanced reservoir quality.

This book provides a new approach to the categorization of chemical clusters using string theory. String theory is concerned with putting together all chemical clusters with the same string index (Nx). For example, all chemical clusters with a single skeletal element belong to the string index 1(N1), clusters with two skeletal elements belong to string index 2(N2) and so on. According to string theory, the cluster strings differ from each other by valence electrons 6, this means from N1 to N2, that gap is 6 valence electrons for main group elements. On the other hand, with transition metals, the gap between one cluster string to the next is 16 valence electrons, however in moving from one nodal point of the string to the next, the gap is 2 valence electrons, this applies to all chemical clusters. The clusters are dichotomous, that is K*=DzCy, on the hand as we go down the same string, the variation is 2 valence electrons, this is true for main group elements and transition elements. These series are referred to as 2N / 6N and 2N /16N series respectively, these are derivable from stripping series which involve removal of two electrons step by step.

The human tooth is composed of highly mineralized tissues of the body containing hydroxyapatite as the primary constituent. Dental caries is a dynamic process that occurs when demineralization exceeds remineralization. But progression of dental caries is a slow process and during early stages, non-invasive intervention can convert the lesion to an inactive state from an active state. This principle is the key to preventive dentistry. The preventive approach of identification, conservative, non-restorative treatment of incipient caries saves both dental human resources for the profession and expense and suffering for the patient. Even though, in most of the developed countries, the prevalence of dental caries has decreased through the use of fluorides, the disease remains a major public health problem. Early diagnosis of incipient lesions can lead to a new era in preventive dentistry as remineralization. The best mode for caries management is the use of remineralizing products.

The monograph summarizes global experiences and provides the author's personal conclusions, incorporating theoretical generalizations about the spread of Alternaria blight, potato growing technology, and crop protection. The areas affected by the disease in the south-western Forest Steppe of Ukraine are highlighted. The express methods for determining potato variety resistance against Alternaria blight are introduced. Aspects of the usage of biological preparations and the observation of their possible combinations for active stimulation are discussed in this work.The book is recommended for plant pathologists, scientists, plant protection specialists, students in agricultural higher education specializing in Plant Protection and Quarantine, as well as specialists in agricultural enterprises and farmers.

Endodontics is that branch of dentistry which deals with diseases related to pulp and periapical tissues. Management of endodontic pathosis focuses on preventing or eliminating infection of the root canal space. Conventional film-based radiography is the standard for endodontic radiography. Technological advances have led to the introduction of digital radiology with many potential benefits in endodontic practice. Three-dimensional imaging modalities have provided new dimensions to endodontics. The imaging techniques in endodontics allow the definition of the root and canal morphology, and particularly the determination of endodontic working length and final verification of the outcome of the root canal treatment. All these imaging modalities have introduced many potential benefits to endodontic practice making it simpler and accurate.

The research provides novel insights into tectonic and sedimentation activities during post-deposit 2 depositional events within the Boulliante-Montserrat graben SE offshore Montserrat Island. Utilizing high-resolution sub-bottom profile data and sediment core analysis, the study identifies four stratigraphic units mapped on top of Deposit 2, revealing two distinct periods of sedimentation history. Analysis suggests regular sedimentation followed by increased failure activities, with the emplacement of mass transport deposits (MTDs) occurring in at least three events. These MTDs comprise bioclastic and volcano-clastic deposits, originating from submarine shelf collapses and submarine pyroclastic flow deposits, potentially triggered by climatic change and tectonic activities.

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) belongs to the family of Malvaceae being economically important vegetable crop grown in sub-tropical and tropical parts of the world. It is generally an annual plant. It is also known as lady's finger or bhindi, originated in tropical Africa. Because of its richness in nutrition, taste, medicinal and industrial value. Okra is one of the most popular vegetable in all sections of people. Okra is cultivated for its fibrous fruits or pods containing round, and circular seeds. The fruits are harvested when immature and eaten as a vegetable. Usually, 90-100 days are required for the production of okra. Kharif and rabi employ the production of okra. Warm and humid atmosphere is favourable for the development of okra crop. Okra is a good source of vitamins, minerals, calories, and amino acids found in seeds.

The workplace is a complex ecosystem where individuals from diverse backgrounds converge, each bringing their unique perspectives, motivations, and behaviours. "Harmony in the Workplace: Unravelling the Dynamics of Organizational Behaviour" delves into the intricacies of organizational behaviour to understand the underlying mechanisms that contribute to fostering harmony within a work environment. This study examines the interplay of various factors such as leadership styles, communication patterns, conflict resolution strategies, and organizational culture to elucidate how they influence employee interactions and overall organizational cohesion.

Advancing Education for All: Harnessing AI for SDG Goal 4 is an exploration of the intersection between artificial intelligence (AI) and Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) - Quality Education. In this book, we investigate the transformative potential of AI in revolutionizing education and ensuring equitable access to learning opportunities for all. Through insightful analysis and real-world case studies, we uncover how AI technologies can personalize learning experiences, adapt to individual student needs, and bridge the digital divide. From AI-driven tutoring systems to virtual classrooms and adaptive learning platforms, the book showcases innovative approaches that have the potential to democratize education and empower learners worldwide.

Empowering Women through AI: Bridging the Gender Gap for Sustainable Development (SDG 05) delves into the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in advancing gender equality and sustainable development. Through meticulous research and insightful analysis, this book explores how AI technologies can be leveraged to dismantle systemic barriers, amplify women's voices, and create opportunities for empowerment across various sectors. From healthcare and education to entrepreneurship the book examines the intersection between AI and gender equality, accompanied by real-world case studies and expert perspectives.

Advancing Global Health: Leveraging AI for SDG Goal 3 offers an exploration into the intersection of global health and artificial intelligence (AI). With Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 aiming to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages, this book investigates how AI technologies are revolutionizing healthcare delivery, disease prevention, and health equity worldwide. Through a synthesis of cutting-edge research, case studies, and expert insights, it illuminates the transformative potential of AI in addressing pressing health challenges, from infectious diseases and maternal mortality to chronic conditions and mental health disorders.

Harnessing AI for Sustainable Development: Achieving SDG Goal 2 presents an exploration of how artificial intelligence (AI) can be leveraged to address Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG 2): Zero Hunger. This book explores the intersection of AI technologies and global efforts to eradicate hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture. Through a combination of case studies, expert insights, and practical applications, the book examines how AI-driven innovations are revolutionizing food production, distribution, and consumption systems worldwide. From precision farming and crop monitoring to food supply chain optimization and nutrition tracking, AI offers transformative solutions to the complex challenges of achieving SDG 2.

A spiritual strategy for counseling has been used by practitioners in de- addiction centers to deal sensitively with clients whose spirituality or religion is an important part of their lives. spiritual counseling has significant influence in addiction recovery which is mainly related with personal beliefs, overt behavioral patterns and subjective experiences of the client. It is considered as a source of strength. It has a reasonable impact in the abstinence of clients in de- addiction centers.

"Extraction vs. Non-Extraction Dilemma in Orthodontics" is a comprehensive exploration of one of the most debated topics in orthodontic treatment. Authored by Dr. Umang Malviya, the book delves into the complexities surrounding the decision to extract teeth or pursue non-extraction methods in orthodontic care.The book begins by examining the historical context of extraction and non-extraction techniques, tracing their evolution over time and the factors that have influenced their usage. It then delves into the clinical considerations that orthodontists must weigh when making treatment decisions, including patient age, severity of malocclusion, facial aesthetics, and long-term stability.Through a combination of case studies, research findings, and expert opinions, the author presents a balanced analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of extraction and non-extraction approaches. Key topics covered include the impact on facial profile, occlusal stability, treatment duration, and patient satisfaction.

В этой монографии написано о разведение тутового шелкопряда в районах с экстремальной экологической обстановкой. Глобальные изменения погодно-климатических условий на земном шаре настоятельно диктуют необходимость интенсивной разработки новых методов селекции и размножения растений и животных, приспособленных к измененным условиям внешней среды. Создание селекционных популяций, обеспечивающих нормальный уровень роста, развития, размножения, шелковой продуктивности в менее благоприятных условиях, отражает интересы отрасли шелководства в получении высоких урожаев коконов в существенно различающихся по зональным особенностям регионах.Монография предназначена для студентов, аспирантов, старших научных сотрудников и научных педагогов. Это монография была написана на основе результатов научных исследований на тему "Создание и внедрение гибридов тутового шелкопряда для экстремальных экологических условий".

Water is a valuable natural resource for the survival of human beings. People use water from different sources for different purposes including domestic and industrial use. This water usually contains mineral ions in it. Mineral ions commonly found in water include magnesium, calcium, chloride, cadmium, copper, and lead among others. These minerals get into the human body through the intake of water containing them. They do not affect human health if taken in recommendable amounts but their bioaccumulation can cause an array of diseases. The main purpose of this study was to assess the status of drinking water supply sources to promote awareness of quality water services in the Nsangi local community Wakiso district in central Uganda. The water quality assessment was based on an analysis of the physical, and chemical characteristics and the mineral content concentration of the selected water samples with impressive results.

Приведены результаты анализа изменения количества природных и техногенных чрезвычайных ситуаций. В контексте последствий изменения климата риски возникают в результате динамического взаимодействия между опасностями связанными с климатом и техногенными системами. Предлагаемый подход к оценке вероятности предусматривает тот факт, что изменения климата повышают вероятность неблагоприятных событий, которые уже были на данной территории. Выявлены источники неопределенности, полученные при учете выбросов или поглощений парниковых газов. При этом выделены объективно обусловленные причины неопределенности. Предложены пути подготовки кадров, способных оценивать и управлять факторами климатического риска в рамках социально-экологических систем.

Carica papaya, commonly known as papaya, is a tropical fruit tree native to Central America and now cultivated worldwide for its delicious fruit, medicinal properties, and various industrial applications. Belonging to the Caricaceae family, this fast-growing plant is renowned for its unique characteristics and diverse uses. Traditional medicine is "the knowledge, skills and practices based on the theories, beliefs and experiences indigenous to different cultures, used in maintenance of health and in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness", Herbal medicines are now in great demand in the developing world for primary health care not because they are inexpensive but also for better cultural acceptability, better compatibility with the human body and minimal side effects.

The rapid increases in the development of new restorative materials and techniques researches have become more involved in determining theability of each new material to adapt to the tooth without leakage and its consequent risk to the vitality of the tooth, post operative sensitivity, marginal staining and secondary caries - so that in future, marginal leakage will not be a severe post- restorative complication. An ideal restorative material should satisfy many requirements, including a good seal, a durable bond tooth, sufficient mechanical strength and low viscosity, resistance against disintegration, tissue compatability and ease of handling.

The scope of Anatomy and Physiology encompasses the study of body structures and functions, providing a gateway to health-related careers, advanced scientific studies, and a deep understanding of the human body's complexity. It aids in understanding disease pathology, surgical techniques, normal health parameters, and factors influencing physiological processes. Mastery of these principles empowers learners with practical applications and emphasizes the vital concept of homeostasis. Anatomical nomenclature facilitates precise description of structural relationships, contributing to effective learning and application.

Deep COPD, an innovative deep learning approach for accurate detection of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) using respiratory sound analysis. The proposed approach utilizes a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model trained on a respiratory sound database containing wheezes, crackles, and both crackles and wheezes. To overcome the challenge of a small dataset, innovative techniques such as device-specific fine-tuning, concatenation-based augmentation, blank region clipping, and smart padding are employed. These techniques enable efficient utilization of the dataset, resulting in an impressive accuracy of 90% to 95%.

From the beginning of human history to the beginning of the 20th century, "charisma" has had almost the same meaning; A kind of spiritual attraction and glory. It is usually explained in books that Christian theologians started discussing spiritual charisma in the first century But the fact is that whenever there was an opportunity, the kings tried to come under the umbrella of religion and religious beliefs and introduced themselves as the light of the heavens and the earth or the representative of God on earth. Probably, this point has caused the word "Farahmandi" to be chosen as the Persian equivalent of "charisma" (Farah Izadi and...). This kind of view of charisma continued until the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, and few people thought about the scientific definition of charisma.