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Microorganisms are involved in numerous useful transformations in foods, but are also implicated in food spoilage or foodborne illnesses, which affect food safety and quality. Microorganisms are evolving and constantly adapting to environmental conditions. This book represents a resource for food industry and academia, both focused on food safety and quality in recent years. Microbial Contamination of Food Products includes seven chapters. Each chapter presents important information concerning food microbiologists, food technologists, food processors, regulatory officials and public health workers. Furthermore, the book can be a source of valuable information on food microbiology for the students in the field of food science and technology, food control and engineering, and management in public food.
The opening chapter of The Essential Guide to Magnetic Resonance presents applications of Fluorine-19 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (19F MRI) in cancer research, tissue metabolomics, quantification of drug delivery, cellular tracking, tissue pH measurements and detection of 19F labeled cells. The authors review in vitro research applying 19F MRI and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) to facilitate the synthesis, tracking and visualization of new fluorinated drug conjugates. 19F MRI also provides high contrast in vivo images due to the absence of an endogenous 19F signal, 100% natural abundance of 19F, and a chemical shift range of over 400 ppm. Afterwards, examples of current methods of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided photodynamic therapy are presented. Recent development of MRI detectable nanoparticle constructs, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) sensors, gadolinium based photosensitizers and europium singlet oxygen probes are discussed. In addition, applications of Functional MRI using a blood oxygen dependent level (BOLD) MRI in monitoring photodynamic action are addressed, with the goal of informing researchers about the potential for using MRI guided photodynamic therapy and oxygen dosimetry. The applications of MRI within the sphere of pharmacy are analyzed; in particular, the use of MRI to track pharmaceuticals in vitro and in vivo noninvasively and monitoring their controlled-release. Functional MRI for noninvasive clinical brain imaging is explored as it is applied to studies of autism, schizophrenia, epilepsy Alzheimers disease, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury and blood oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) imaging of brain function. An overview of the scope of MRI as a diagnostic technique in neurology and in neurosurgery is also provided.
In the first Chapter, Günter Faber examines the way in which academic self-perceptions significantly affect the educational performance of learners. Faber presents a study on the relations of students self-perceptions with their subjective explanations of grammar success and faiure. In the second chapter, María Fernanda Molina, PhD, Vanina Schmidt, PhD, and María Julia Raimundi, PhD explore the relationship between adolescents possible selves and the parental elevation of challenges. In the third chapter, Miguel Ángel Broc, PhD studies the Susan Harter model of academic motivation in the classroom. R. Constance Wiener, PhD and Alcinda Trickett Shockey discuss oral health self-perception in the fourth chapter. In the fifth chapter, Lindsay S. Meldrum, Diane E. Mack, PhD, and Philip M. Wilson, PhD study whether alteration in psychological needs fulfilment facilitates the correlation between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and physical self-concept. In the sixth chapter, Merilyn Meristo, PhD present a study on university students motivation as it pertains to completing homework assignments.
Experimental surgery is an important link for the development in clinical surgery, research and teaching. Experimental surgery was part of the most important surgical discoveries in the past century. Since 1901 nine Nobel Prizes have been awarded to the pioneers had remarkable achievements in the basic or practical surgery. In recent 20 years, experimental surgery has achieved new advances, like laparoscopic and robotic surgery, tissue engineering, and gene therapy which are widely applied in clinic surgery. The present book covers wide experimental surgery in preclinical research models subdivided in two volumes. Volume I introduces surgical basic notions, techniques, and different surgical models involved in basic experimental surgery and review the biomechanical models, ischemia/reperfusion injury models, repair and regeneration models, and organ and tissue transplantation models, respectively. Volume II introduces several specific experimental models such as laparoscopic and bariatric experimental surgical models. The second volume also introduces graft-versus-host disease, and other experimental models. Review the advances and development of recent techniques such as tissue engineering, organ preservation, wound healing and scarring, gene therapy and robotic surgery. The book documents the enormous volume of knowledge we have acquired in the field of experimental surgery. In this book, we have invited experts from the United States, Canada, France, Germany, China, Japan, Korea, UK, Sweden, Netherland, Hungary and Turkey to contribute 36 chapters in the fields of their expertise. These two volumes are the compilation of basic experimental surgery and updated advances of new development in this field that will be invaluable to surgeons, residents, graduate students, surgical researchers, physicians, immunologists, veterinarians and nurses in surgery.
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