Books published by Nova Science Publishers Inc

Terrorism is a complex phenomenon. Consequently, defense against such a phenomenon cannot be effective when limited to only one professional approach and one aspect of consideration since too many crucial features thus remain unconsidered. Therefore, if we are compelled to defend ourselves against means of mass destruction, we must rely on an intertwined synergy of knowledge from natural sciences, social sciences, and engineering. That requires creative interdisciplinary cooperation, thus experts who are capable and willing to listen to and hear people from other professions who they disagree with, because they are aware that exactly these people are the ones completing their knowledge and skills up. They possess and apply the ethics of interdependence of mutually different ones as components of the same whole, e.g. members of the same team. Such cooperation can be achieved by applying Mulej''s (1979, 2000; Mulej et al., 2013) Dialectical Systems Theory DST as the one among many systems theories, which is not confined to a precise description of complex phenomena labeled Systems. DST rather develops further the main notion of Bertalanffy, the father of systems theory, who created his General Systems Theory as the worldview of holism/wholeness and its corresponding methodology opposing contemporary unduly narrow over-specialisation. Based on DST and a synergy of various systems theories and cybernetics, we elaborated a new category called Cybernetics of Security and Defense Systems''. Following a precisely defined dialectical system of considerations, and later through accurately selected/announced diagnostic steps, we recognised the Resolution on National Security Strategy of the Republic of as an umbrella document, i.e. basic premise and its consequent manifestation in reality: the National Security System has been carefully analysed and diagnosed following a precisely defined dialectical system of aspects/viewpoints and accurately selected/announced diagnostic steps (Ivanua, 2013). Based on the results of the mentioned scientific diagnostic procedure, we recognised the National Security System as pathological. The present scientific monograph is abolishing and establishing, simultaneously: redundancy is replaced with the law of succession and interdependence we established a novelty to innovate the routine of the security and defense systems. The possibility of an opposite effect, i.e. a negative effect, in searching for synergies has been avoided through the concept of requisite holism of behavior (Mulej & Kajzer, 1998), providing a realistic pathway to attain the goal: Novel Cybernetics of Security and Defense Systems.

The loss (complete or partial) of verbal language as a result of some brain condition with preservation of the primary inputs (like auditory, visual or somatosensory projections) and outputs (like motor projections) can be defined as aphasia. The first chapter of this book deals, principally, with some psychological and epistemological issues in the aphasia topic. It discusses the models and approaches for characterising aphasia. People who develop aphasia must adjust their lifestyles and learn to cope with the activity limitations that follow from their disability. Aphasia can profoundly affect a person''s capacity for academic achievement, occupation, social participation, and also financing. This is especially true for children, who have yet to go out into the world to become a member of society. Chapter two and three discuss the phenomenon and impact of acquired aphasia in children. The final chapter examines subcortical aphasia.

Basic library skills and Information Technology skills are foundations of information literacy competences. Information literacy is also essential for everybody to continue lifelong learning independently. In this sophisticated information society, it becomes more serious that an information gap between library users with information literacy and those without information literacy is increasingly expanded by the spread of the Internet in recent years. Library use education, in all kinds of libraries, is necessary for every library user to improve one''s own information literacy and make use of information resources. Many different kinds of libraries, such as school libraries, public libraries and academic libraries, carry out information literacy education and library use education for library users to perform their own lifelong learning in Japan. This book "Information Literacy Education in Japanese Libraries for Lifelong Learning" clarifies the issues of information literacy education in school libraries, public libraries and academic libraries from a viewpoint of lifelong learning for every library user. For example, the main issues in school libraries in Japan are to create their own school library websites, to provide meaningful and appropriate contents for library users, and to provide user-friendly Web-OPAC for children in their own school library websites. On the other hand, in public libraries in Japan, the main issues concerning children''s web pages and young adult web pages in public library websites are: to provide adequate web content especially for library use education toward children and young adults; to improve the usability of web contents; and to provide Web-OPAC for children, which is different from Web-OPAC for adults. Meanwhile, the main issues in Japanese academic libraries are to have a variety of educational content, as well as to execute more advanced library use education far beyond library orientations. Also, it is important for academic libraries to make use of Computer-Assisted Instruction for library use education in order for every library user with to learn different content at their own pace. This book describes unique and important studies of information literacy education concerning school libraries, public libraries, and academic libraries in both Japan and the USA. Also, this book is of great significance in regards to finding the essential guidelines for library use education and information literacy education. This book will be of great interest to undergraduate students, graduate students, researchers, and librarians in Library and Information Science.

Oxytocin (OT), a hormone with a well-known function in childbirth, breast milk secretion, formation of the mother-infant bonding process and social empathy, has recently been revisited from a systemic perspective to uncover possible links with or etiological characteristics of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Chapter one aims to provide an overview of the association of OT and its genetic polymorphisms with the most prevalent NCDs in the world population, seeking to integrate it to the thrifty phenotype hypothesis throughout the ontogenetic process. Chapter two examines the experimental evidence accumulated over the last few decades which indicates that oxytocin can play a beneficial role in cardiovascular control. Chapter three studies recent evidence that demonstrates intranasal inhalation of oxytocin improves face-processing. The final chapter contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the age-related changes in body composition, sexual, and feeding behavior, in which oxytocin and cortisol probably play a relevant role.

In this next edition of "Advances in Medicine and Biology," chapters include research on differential diagnosis, along with potential treatments for insomnia in children and adults; the effectiveness of biobehavioral interventions to relieve joint and muscle dysfunction that occurs in Temporomandibular Joint and Muscle Disorders (TMJMD), when they are implemented in community-based clinics; the pharmacological and therapeutic potential of scorpion venom and their toxins; the relief of chemical-induced acute colitis through the use of non-anticoagulant oligosaccharides of enoxaparin; the expression and function of macrophage CXCR7''s link to atherosclerosis; the participation of microtubules in intracellular cholesterol transport through cytosolic lipid-protein particles in rat astrocytes; and teeth and amelogenin in xenopus.

In western countries there is a long tradition studying the academic performance of students. Today there is enough empirical evidence showing the link between social origin and educational performance. The first chapter of this book shows how the social class, socio-economic status of family and parents'' expectations about the academic development of their children influence in the educational performance. Chapter two focuses on the empirical literature regarding the relationship of the 65% instructional expenditure ratio, education production function, student achievement, and school district wealth. Chapter three dives into the aspects of executive functioning and its relation to academic achievement, as well as analyses the connection between the academic achievement and the perception the children have of their own executive functioning. Chapter four analyses in detail, in accordance with previous theoretical and empirical data, self-protective mechanisms, self-handicapping and defensive pessimism. Chapter five examines the interrelations between academic striving, effective functioning, personal resolve, and school experience of secondary school students. Chapter six examines the influence of shared and non-shared environmental influences on math-based reaction time/chronometric tasks, as well as their influence on the relationship between chronometric and standardised paper-and-pencil tasks. Chapter seven examines the historical framework underlying postsecondary education in the United States and in Texas, current issues of student attrition, retention, and college success, and ethnicity as it relates to student performance, attrition, and persistence. Chapter eight discusses the role of executive functions on academic performance in Mexican at-risk adolescents. Chapter nine analyses Hispanic student achievement in reading and mathematics as a function of grade span configuration. The final chapter is an overview of the transformation in education through ubiquitous access to the digital universe.

This book looks at one of the most serious types of highway accidentscollisions involving vehicles traveling the wrong way on high-speed divided highways. The goal of this investigative project is to identify relevant safety recommendations to prevent wrong-way collisions on such highways and access ramps. The investigations included in the book take a focused view of the driver and highway issues affecting wrong-way collisions. The book addresses the following safety issues concerning wrong-way driving: driver impairment, primarily from alcohol use, with consideration of older driver issues and possible drug involvement; the need to establish, through traffic control devices and highway design, distinctly different views for motorists approaching entrance and exit ramps; monitoring and intervention programs for wrong-way collisions; and in-vehicle driver support systems.

As part of the nation''s unemployment insurance (UI) system, overseen by DOL, states provide benefits to eligible unemployed workers, with additional weeks of benefits sometimes provided by the federal government in times of economic stress. Since the 1960s, states have had maximum UI benefit durations of 26 weeks or longer. However, since 2011, nine states have reduced their maximum benefit durations. This book examines the circumstances in which states reduced the maximum duration of UI benefits; the implications of these reductions for individuals; the effects on federal UI costs; and their broader economic effects. Furthermore, the book analyses recent changes to state Unemployment Compensation (UC) programs.

Book & CD-ROM. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) began in 1975 to evaluate the effectiveness of vehicle safety technologies associated with the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. By June 2014, NHTSA had evaluated the effectiveness of virtually all the life-saving technologies introduced in passenger cars, pickup trucks, SUVs, and vans from about 1960 up through about 2010. A statistical model estimates the number of lives saved from 1960 to 2012 by the combination of these life-saving technologies. Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data for 1975 to 2012 documents the actual crash fatalities in vehicles that, especially in recent years, include many safety technologies. This book focuses exclusively on the fatality reduction attributable to vehicle safety technologies introduced since 1956 (when factory-installed lap belts first became optionally available on some cars) and, from 1968 onwards, largely associated with the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and/or related programs such as safety ratings. It develops a vehicular fatality-risk index by calendar year that measures how much safer the average car or LTV on the road has become relative to a car or LTV on the road in 1955.

While the power to prescribe rules as to which aliens may enter the United States and which aliens may be removed resides solely with the federal government, the impact of alien migration -- whether lawful or unlawful -- is arguably felt most directly in the communities where aliens settle. State and local responses to unlawfully present aliens within their jurisdictions have varied considerably, particularly as to the role that state and local police should play in enforcing federal immigration law. Some states, cities, and other municipalities have sought to play an active role in immigration enforcement efforts. However, others have been unwilling to assist the federal government in enforcing measures that distinguish between residents with legal immigration status and those who lack authorisation under federal law to be present in the United States. In some circumstances, these jurisdictions have actively opposed federal immigration authorities'' efforts to identify and remove certain unlawfully present aliens within their jurisdictions. This book discusses legal issues related to state and local measures that limit law enforcement cooperation with federal immigration authorities. It provides a brief overview of the constitutional principles informing the relationship between federal immigration authorities and state and local jurisdictions, including the federal government''s power to preempt state and local activities under the Supremacy Clause, and the Tenth Amendment''s proscription against Congress directly "commandeering" the states to administer a federally enacted regulatory scheme. It also discusses various types of measures adopted or considered by states and localities to limit their participation in federal immigration enforcement efforts; discusses the authority of state and local law enforcement to assist in the enforcement of federal immigration law through the investigation and arrest of persons believed to have violated such laws; and describes federal statutes.

Restoration of our national forests benefits the environment and creates jobs in rural communities. Increasing the pace of restoration of the Nation''s forests is critically needed to address a variety of threats including fire, climate change, the bark beetle infestation, and others -- to the health of our forest ecosystems, watersheds, and forest-dependent communities. The Forest Service within the Department of Agriculture and the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), and National Park Service (NPS) within the Department of the Interior have increasingly promoted landscape-scale forest restoration as a way to improve forest health. Through landscape-scale projects, agencies can treat tens or hundreds of thousands of acres, in contrast to projects commonly of under 1,000 acres. Such projects must comply with NEPA by assessing the effects of major federal actions that significantly affect the environment. This book examines the number of such projects the agencies have conducted and how they are scoped; the actions taken by agencies to track the projects'' progress; successes and challenges experienced by agencies; and steps taken by agencies to help increase NEPA efficiency for such projects.

A comprehensive review and analysis of the human factors research associated with the implementation of crash warning system interfaces has led to the development of guidelines intended to be used by anyone responsible for the conceptualisation, development, design, testing, or evaluation of in-vehicle crash avoidance systems, especially for forward collision (headway warning), lane change (blind-spot warning), and road departure warnings. This book is intended to highlight issues to be addressed and provide guidance in the development of Collision Warning Systems (CWSs). Information is presented on a variety of topics relevant to the driver-vehicle interface (DVI) of CWS devices.

Why does the Global North appear to be having a crisis of political will when it comes to welcoming refugees and migrants into their countries? Is this connected to a global rise of xenophobia? Amongst these international crises of conscience, we are witnessing a quiet humanitarian crisis that is one of cultural displacement. Can theoretical frameworks around "multiculturalism" assist our understanding of why movements such as #BlackLivesMatters are important for helping us to confront this growing civic phenomenon of internal ostracisation, disenfranchisement and displacement? Undoubtedly, an increasing number of communities around the world are beginning to feel like "outcasts on the inside" of their own homelands. What are the implications of this for the Human Rights Movement, where the seeds of these local tensions seem to be self-replicating exponentially in other local contexts around the world? Building on Bhikhu Parekh''s Pluralist Universalism, this volume seeks to uncover some of the ideological and ethical challenges examined by the many concepts of "multiculturalism". From a global contextualisation of Pluralist Universalism to its interrogation through the lenses of cultural memory, nationhood and stakeholdership, this volume of international perspectives aims to provide a theoretical understanding of many global humanitarian crises of identity and belonging. Exploring some of the implications for the Human Rights Movement, as well as uncovering the psychopathological structures of globalisation and "whiteness", this volume will also examine the impact of "relational multiculturalism" on personal identity formation and national belonging.

This book provides fundamentals, applications and future directions of several theories of psychology. The first chapter focuses the classification of narcissism and argues multiple parallels between narcissistic behaviors and documented responses to justice threat. Chapter two examines if individuals who report living on following a gluten-free diet adhere across a typical week, and the behaviors involved in adhering to this specific diet. The purpose of chapter three is to study the effectiveness of a best possible physical activity intervention on perceived psychological need satisfaction, well-being, and physical activity. The final chapter examines the nature of the portrayal of African-American women athletes in popular magasines to understand the gendered and cultural messages that are sent about their sport and PA participation.

Cyberbullying is a growing concern and a negative consequence associated with children''s and adolescents'' increasing accessibility to the internet and digital technologies. Children and adolescents are accessing the internet and these technologies at younger and younger ages, leaving some of them vulnerable to cyberbullying. As a new phenomenon, cyberbullying might be best understood as a complex process resulting from the interplay among the individual and multiple environments. To this end, this groundbreaking book provides a new framework for understanding cyberbullying perpetration and victimisation. Utilising the social-ecological perspective to describe how personal factors and multiple environments contribute to cyberbullying, the book compiles research on these topics from international researchers in developmental psychology, social psychology, counseling, school psychology, social work, criminology, law, and clinical psychology. Providing critical information about individual and contextual predictors of cyberbullying, the authors provide new practices and policies for addressing these behaviors. Key topics include: Cyberbullying and cyber aggression; Theoretical considerations; Definition and measurement of cyberbullying; The role of individual-level variables in cyberbullying perpetration and victimisation; Parental involvement in children''s cyberbullying; Schools'' and peers'' roles in cyberbullying; Cultural context for understanding cyberbullying; The impact of cyberbullying on mental health; The roles of victim, bully, bully-victim, and bystanders in cyberbullying; Policies, procedures, and recommendations for addressing cyberbullying. This book is an essential read for researchers, educators, and policy-makers who are concerned with the social, emotional, and physical well-being of children and adolescents. In addition, the book will be an invaluable resource for anyone interested in the factors that make children and adolescents vulnerable to cyberbullying perpetration and victimisation.

This encyclopedia presents important research on ethics. The five set volume includes discussions on religious, spiritual, economic, political, medical, environmental, and business ethics.