Books published by Nova Science Publishers Inc

"Advances in Genetics Research" presents original research results on the leading edge of genetics discovery. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial research results across a broad spectrum. In this continuing series compilation, the authors present and discuss the most recent Y chromosome progress within the main fields of genetics; male infertility associated with TTTY gene family deletions in the Y chromosome; genetic diversity assessment by random amplified polymorphic DNA; the effect of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity; the use of HeLa cells as a model for studying DNA damage and repair; the molecular genetics of polycythemia vera; recent advances and molecular background of microRNAs in disease; papaya viral diseases; phylogenetics and phylogeography of large neotropical rodents by means of mitochondrial genes; and omics technologies applied to prokaryotes.

Have you ever wondered why some people are more tolerant and accepting to difference than others? This book is ground-breaking in its scope. Guarding Tolerance is the first comprehensive publication about tolerance of human diversity which explores historical, philosophical (including the controversial relationship between freedom of speech and tolerance) and psychological aspects of tolerance as well as educational implications informed by theory and research. Rivka Witenberg suggests a new direction in research and theory, and proposes an alternative way of viewing tolerance as a concept in its own right better placed within the moral domain and not simply the opposite of prejudice. When tolerance is placed within the moral domain pertaining to equality, justice, respect and avoiding harm to others, it should be viewed as positive in nature rather than simply forbearance or "putting up with". She argues that to be tolerant is a fundamental human quality as central to human existence as love, justice, empathy and fairness, and that tolerance is instinctive. While tolerance and intolerance do coexist, intolerance is not innate. Understanding more about the nature of tolerance to human diversity in today''s increasingly diverse and complex world could not be more important for harmonious, cooperative intergroup living. Witenberg reflects on the origin of tolerance and its deep historical roots, exemplified by the "Golden Rule". Analysis of philosophical theories and her psychological research about tolerance to human diversity will further expand our understanding of this important matter. This book is bringing a new outlook on the questions about what tolerance is, how it is conceptualised and its practical implications. It is written in approachable language which allows everybody to understand this important topic. Moving away from the idea that tolerance is simply "putting up with" and the antithesis to prejudice, this is a major interdisciplinary work that alters our understanding of tolerance to human diversity. This book is unique in its approach and subject matter, and should be of value to educators and policy makers, but also to anyone interested in understanding this important issue.

Disorders of consciousness (DOC) represent one of the most complex and crucial challenges for neuroscientists. A precise and reliable assessment of the arousal and awareness of consciousness in patients with severe brain damage would allow for a comprehensible classification of DOC. Intensive care has led to an increase in the number of patients who survive after severe acute brain damage. Most comatose patients who survive begin to awaken and recover gradually within 24 weeks. Although some of these individuals gradually experience complete brain function loss which leads to brain death (BD), oftentimes this state is treated as synonymous with the death of the individual. Nonetheless, other individuals progress to "wakeful unawareness", which is defined as a vegetative state (VS). DOC terminology may be useful clinically, but does little to explain the nature of consciousness. While it is not known which portions of the brain are responsible for cognition and consciousness, what little is known points to substantial interconnections among the brainstem, subcortical structures and the neocortex. Thus, the "higher brain" may well exist only as a metaphorical concept and not in reality.

This book is an account of criticism and controversy surrounding modern medicine. Chapter One provides an overview of the contents. Chapter Four explains the contribution of the concept of paradigm'' to the analysis provided. The argument is that, for all its fine accomplishments in medicine, the science has also damaged the art. This view is an echo of views expressed by eminent physicians early in the last Century, including William Osler and Francis Peabody. Concrete evidence of an ailing doctor-patient relationship is manifest in the form of some serious clinical problems. These include patient dissatisfaction, failure to take prescribed medication, failure of a doctor''s reassurance of normality to allay anxiety, resort to alternative medicine, use of patient advocates and defection'' to alternative medicine. These we see as, not only damaging to treatment and health outcome, and very expensive, but indicators of a basic lack of trust. To compound the problem, the clinical process is essentially hermeneutic; an interpretive exercise. Hence it cannot be studied without interview and qualitative data analysis. Such methods are also indispensable for the understanding of the doctor''s management decisions, particularly the social context. The science of medicine is well served by biomedical research and education which has recently been reinforced by the rise of clinical epidemiology and evidence-based medicine. Of great concern is that the skills of sociology and the humanities have been spurned, even denigrated as journalistic'' or unscientific''. Not only has this prevented physicians from fully understanding the patient''s medical views and social predicament, but has robbed us of the humanistic'' research methods needed to research the problems. These problems cannot be explained simply as side-effects of the impact of science. Rather there are much deeper currents. In Thomas Kuhn''s terms, medicine shifted paradigm from superstition to rationality in Ancient Greece, and again to scientific modern medicine at the time of the French Revolution. Medicine, it seems, is on the cusp of a further paradigm shift to a postmodern paradigm. The goal is that this brings the necessary balance between the already revitalised science and the ancient art of medicine. To achieve this, the establishment of centres for the study of clinical practice'' to train reflective physicians'', who will lead clinical practice research'', with multidisciplinary studies of the process of clinical care is needed. This will mean applying research methods of empirical science, clinical epidemiology, biostatistics and evidence-based medicine, already in progress and, in cooperation with relevant academics hosted by the centre, interview techniques involving qualitative analysis or any other appropriate methods. An important function is to act as a catalyst to inject social science and humanities into the current modern medical curriculum.

We study the solitons and nonlinear waves of phonon-polaritons and plasmon-polaritons with the frequencies in the terahertz and optical ranges in nonlinear media, and investigate the polariton spectrum in nonlinear dielectric media with the third order Kerr-type nonlinearity. We study the dependence of numbers of polariton spectrum branches on the intensity of the electromagnetic field, and demonstrate that the appearance of the new branches located in the polariton spectrum gap are caused by the dispersion of the third order dielectric susceptibility at the intensive electromagnetic field in the medium. The modulation instability of the new spectrum branch waves leads to the appearance of the spatial solitons or cnoidal (non-linear) waves. These scalar and vector phonon-polariton spatial solitons and cnoidal waves appear in the boundless dielectric medium. The polariton gets the mass that depends on the efficiency of the interaction of the electromagnetic field and medium. We investigate the linearly and circularly polarised nonlinear polariton waves in the self-focusing and self-defocusing media. The spatial soliton or cnoidal wave corresponds to one or several flat fluxes of the polaritons for the linearly polarised wave. The right or left circularly polarised polariton scalar wave corresponds to several polariton fluxes in the form of a filament bundle. In addition, we examine the instability of the linearly and circularly polarised polariton wave in the nonlinear dielectric medium. We consider the nonlinear models of generation of the surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) at the boundary of a nonmagnetic dielectric medium and a nonmagnetic metal. We show how the three-dimensional incident wave transforms to the fluxes of the SPPs at the first and second harmonics in the TM-mode. These "slow" and "fast" fluxes of the SPPs are formed at the first and second harmonics when their interaction is weak. The incoming SPP pulse transforms to the bright and dark solitons at the strong harmonic interaction. We consider the generation of the SPP pulses at the first and second harmonics of the carrier wave at the boundary of a uniaxial crystal and a non-magnetic metal. The SPP pulses at the first and second harmonics can arise in the form of the bright and dark solitons, or as the cnoidal waves, in accordance with the synchronism of velocity of the SPP pulses. We study the variation of the interaction efficiency and the changes of forms of the SPP pulses due to the exact or non-exact synchronism of their velocities, and show that the selection of crystal and metal pairs allows us to change the forms of the SPP pulses. We show how to use the non-linear waves and pulses for designing the optical devices such as the optical converter, controllable filter and all-optical logic gates.

Aims to provide a representation of the evolutionary multi-objective optimisation research area and related trends. This book reports many innovative designs yielded by the application of such optimisation methods. It is divided into two main parts: evolutionary multi-objective optimisation and evolutionary multi-objective designs.

What other document means so much to so many and yet is known to so few? This title guides the reader from the origins of the constitution to its present-day status. It includes explanations, history and interpretation.

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 (PL 104-191) continues to generate numerous questions. What kinds of policies does it cover? Does it help people who are currently uninsured? Does it help people with pre-existing medical conditions? How does it affect health insurance premiums? How do its requirements interact with the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) continuation coverage? Answers to those questions are provided, as well as descriptions of each of the major section of HIPAA.

Superconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance and extremely low losses.

Long the focus of popular interest, as witnessed by the plethora of spy-thriller movies and books, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an enigma to most people. With its primary focus the gathering of international intelligence information and the safeguarding of US national security, the CIA has taken on considerable importance in recent months. The agency has had to face down numerous questions in the wake of the September 11th terrorist attacks, such as whether any clues of the crimes were missed and if regulations hindered co-operation with other national agencies like the FBI. Congress and the White House have been considering ways to change and streamline the CIA''s operations amidst a series of hearings and debates. Along with the issue of 9/11, the CIA faces periodic criticism for its ambiguous covert actions in foreign incidents. Despite these issues, the CIA remains an important tool in America''s security apparatus, indispensable to the intelligence infrastructure. Although secrecy is a necessity for an organisation predicated on covert operations and national security, it remains important for the public to have some understanding of the organisation''s history, mission, and practices. In order to shed some light on the CIA, this book provides a thorough and well-prepared overview of America''s premier spy agency. Topics addressed include CIA history, organisation, practices, and specific operations. Following this analysis is a carefully selected bibliography of current literature dedicated to the study of the CIA. Further access is finally provided with author, title, and subject indexes. Given the public fascination with the CIA, and especially the recent events and international climate, understanding intelligence operations has never been more important and the resource of this book never more needed.

Presents original research results on the leading edge of psychology. Each chapter has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial advances across a broad spectrum.

Martin Luther only meant for his 95 Theses to spark debate and hopefully a few changes in the Catholic Church. Instead, they changed the face of world history, sparking decades of violent religious conflict and war amongst the nations and peoples of Europe. Luther was a Catholic cleric whose chief problem with the Church was the practice of selling indulgences. Church leaders, though, would not sanction debate with him and excommunicated Luther. His cause was then championed by varied European royals who saw the chance to break from the Catholic Church and take control of valuable land. As the Protestants separated from the Catholic Church, they also split from each other into denominations like Lutheran, Anglican, and Calvinist. All of this was more than Luther sought or likely even wanted. But the Reformation remains a seminal moment in Western, indeed world, history and Martin Luther is its father. This book presents an overview of Martin Luther''s life and his impact on Christianity and the face of the world. Following that is a list of carefully selected citations of literature about Luther and the religious change he spawned. Easy access is finally provided via author, title, and subject indexes.

Defining the ''exergy'' of a system as a system-environment combination that measures the amount of work obtainable from the system, the authors examine exergy components in equilibrium and non-equilibrium states. The elaborated concepts are then used to examine energy recovery and savings in industrial plants. Finally, elements of exergy efficiency and economic utility are explored.

This book focuses primarily on the vents and consequences that followed the July 1997 collapse of the Thai bhat. The contributions reflect the range in approach and focus of scholarship in the region. In the first section, Gareth Evans presents a detailed overview of the conflicts that the crisis has precipitated in the region, while Bob Catley outlines the post-Cold War strategic arrangements of the region and their implications. Sang-hwa Chung provides an outline of the economic crises experienced by the worst affected countries. Iyanatul Islam discusses the implications of the crisis from US perspectives and Western institutions. In the second section, N. Ganesan, Ikrar Nusa Bhakti, Gerry Groot and Samina Ahmed examine political and strategic dimensions of the crises and the responses to them. In the third section, Stuart Harris, Akiko Fukushima, Felix Patrikeeff and Brahma Chellaney analyse territorial, sovereignty and nuclear issues arising from the crises. In the final section, Graeme Hugo, Lesley Potter and Sri Moertiningsih Adioetomo concentrate on the social, ecological and human aspects of the crises.

Studies of High Temperature Superconductors, Volume 26 - Quaternary Borocarbides, Superconductors & Hg-Based High Tc Superconductors

This is the first book-length bibliographic profile that addresses the literature about the Russian and Chinese place in the world, the past, present and future role of these countries in international affairs and various Eurasian problems published in the last three hundred years in Russia, China, the Central Asian states, the USA, Britain, and the limited part in France, Italy, Germany, Japan and India.

This book capitalises on the wealth of mathematical knowledge students already possess because of their familiarity with the scorekeeping and motion in sports. In this way, the book takes advanced concepts such as exponents, vector multiplication, and the unit circle to relate them to students everyday lives. While the book is meant to appeal to students who might not otherwise choose to study algebra, it employs highly challenging material, much of which is not taught until engineering school. Thus the book also provides a window to the professional world. Applications in accounting, aeronautical engineering, civil engineering and other fields are presented along with the sports examples.

Where will people live and work in 21st Century America? Everyone has to live somewhere, but very few people will live in the old urban centres of the 19th and 20th century. The old urban centres burdened with so much obsolescence and enormous replacement cost for their basic utilities just don''t have the ability to hold so many people even if the people wanted to live or work there. Increasing, at just 3% per year, the US population will be 556 million in the year 2022 and by 2047 over 1.166 billion! Just as technology created the old urban centres, new technology is now spawning the new urban centres in rural America and beyond. The sands of time have covered many large urban centres all over the world. They came to life, flourished and then expired when conditions changed. The many ghost towns in America along with the decay of many urban centres are also mute testimony to the transitory nature of man''s accomplishments and to the powerful influence of climate change, wars, natural disasters and most significantly in the last century, new technology. Our new urban centres will not only be in rural America, but even in the now remote parts of Alaska, Canada, Australia, the Orient and most significantly, the Moon and Mars. With some understanding of how technology drives these changes, we can be better prepared to plan for the future and accept the changes.

Constitutes the proceedings of the 2nd Symposium of the Technical Committee Measurement of Electrical Quantities - TC4 on Industrial Measurement of Electrical & Electronic Components & Equipment held in Warsaw, Poland, May 26-28 1987.