Books published by Nova Science Publishers Inc

Human rights were established in law many decades ago and were primarily intended to ensure that citizens could be protected from the absolute authority of the State. However, things are completely different today: first, the power of the state has declined substantially for many reasons, primarily the fact that a great number of functions, formerly performed by the state, have been taken over by private enterprises, who work for their own interest, nor for the public good. Moreover, these enterprises are no controlled either by domestic or by international legal instruments or organizations. The United Nations are nominally responsible for all the people of the world, according to their own Charter, but in this case as well, their authority is undermined by other entries keen to establish their power and to advance their economic interests, while the protection of human rights, of human life and dignity, are not considered. Finally, it is not only the legal infrastructure that has changed substantively, but the classic human rights of long ago are far different from the rights that need to be protected today. Climate change and the ongoing destruction of nature, the presence of land grabs, are now viewed as crimes against humanity, as they represent conditions that did not exist in earlier times. Similarly, the racist disregard for Indigenous Peoples and their rights are increasingly prevalent today. The conditions that exist today, where the threats to human health and life go far beyond what existed at the time human rights were established, such as the pandemic that reigns globally since 2019, has rendered our attempts to recover the respect and protection of human rights, which therefore require a radical reformulation.

The book offers a comprehensive physical theory of the earthquakes. The presentation level is rather mathematical, but thorough physical explanations are provided everywhere. We do not know where and when and how great an earthquake occurs. The seismic events have a statistical character. Statistical Seismology is discussed extensively in this book, centered on the famous Gutenberg-Richter, Omori and Bath statistical laws. The earthquakes may be correlated, foreshocks may herald a main shock, aftershocks may follow a main shock. The pattern of such correlations, their extension in time and magnitude are discussed in this book. The earthquakes are produced by forces acting for a short time in a localized focal region placed inside the Earth. These forces give rise to elastic deformations and elastic waves, which arrive at Earth'' surface as earthquakes. The nature of these forces and their effects are discussed in this book. Any earthquake begins by a feeble tremor, the so-called P and S seismic waves, followed by a large, main shock, which looks like a wall with a long tail. This book explains why it is so. We cannot predict the occurrence of the earthquakes. But we can know something about them. For instance, there exist seismographs, a sort of pendulums, which record the ground displacement. There exist agencies which tell us the earthquake magnitude, its energy, location, fault slip, by reading the seismograms. We may wish to get such information by ourselves, almost in real time, knowing the seismograph recordings, to be independent of the seismological agencies. This book teaches us how to do that. The book describes the accumulation of the seismic energy in the focal region, its release, the shape and strength of the ground displacement. It is shown that the seismic faults may give rise to rather complicated tensorial forces, which account both for the static deformations of the Earth''s surface and for the seismic waves produced in an earthquake. A model of energy accumulation in the earthquake focus is formulated and used to derive the statistical Gutenberg-Richter laws. These laws are used to analize the statistics of the seismic events in Vrancea, Romania, as an example. A special emphasis is given to the short-term seismic activity. The book introduces the point tensorial force of the seismic faults and employs it to present both the static deformation of the Earth''s crust in epicentral regions and the seismic waves and the main shock which appear on any typical seismogram. This later point is the solution of the so-called Lamb seismological problem. The book describes the determination of the seismic-moment tensor, earthquake magnitude, the volume of the focal region, the duration of the seismic activity in the focus, the fault orientation and the fault slip from measurements of the seismic waves at the Earth''s surface. This is the solution of the inverse seismological problem. A special point is a qualitative estimation of these parameters which can be practised by everyone in real time. The book presents the vibrations of the Earth viewed as a solid sphere and the vibrations of an elastic half-space. The static deformations of the elastic half-space under the action of point forces are also included. Finally, earthquake correlations, Bath''s law and earthquake entropy are discussed. The book is an original monograph of Seismology, intended for the use of the students, researchers and the public who wish to become familiar with the physics and mathematics of the earthquakes. It provides the understanding of the earthquakes and specific knowledge we may have of them.

The book Biochemistry and Biochemists: Who Were They and What did they Discover is an series of twenty five reviews regarding the top twenty five biochemists of the last two hundred years. The book chronicles the work and discoveries of research scientists from various parts of the world (Severo Ochoa of Spain, John Earnest Walker of Great Britain, Luis Leloir of France, Jens Skou of Denmark as well Masayusa Nomura of Japan). Some of these biochemists did foundational work (Albert Szent-Gyorgy in the realm of vitamin C ) and others did exemplary work into some of the most important realms of their time ( such as Dorothy Hodgkin and her explorations into the structures of penicillin and insulin ). Enzyme kinetics was explored and researched by Maud Menten and Leonor Michaelis. The lives and explorations of these individuals as well as relevant anecdotes regarding their lives are explored in this book. For example, Jakub Karos Parnas, a well known scholar and researcher died in the famous Lyubyanka Prison in Moscow, although the exact cause of his death may never be known. Luis Leloir was born in the shadow of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris and went on to achieve greatness and crucial insights in sugar metabolism and glycogen biosynthesis. Some of these researchers investigated things as simple as water ( and their transporation into and out of cells ) and others offered such profound ideas such as Albert Kluyver and his comments that "all organisms do biochemistry". In a sense, all students of biochemistry as well as chemistry would do well to learn about these biochemists, their discoveries and a bit about their lives- as many led many challenging lives- such as escaping from the Germans in World War II. Each of the biochemists here in this text had something to offer the realm of science and many were rewarded with the highest honor imaginable- the Nobel Prize- and some of them succeeded in their chosen field of endeavor- even though they may have failed Anatomy and Physiology four times! Investigations into DNA, ATP and these realms also are highlighted in this book as these fundamental concepts are obviously of critical importance in the realm of biochemistry. This book is first a serious exploration into the discoveries of these biochemists while at the same time an interesting examination of the lives, and loves and trials and tribulations of these biochemists who literally changed the face of biochemistry over the years.

Outlines of Jewish History from B.C. 586 to C.E. 1885 traces Jewish history from Biblical times to 1885. This book presents a fair and impartial narrative that makes Jewish history interesting to the reader.

The 116th Congress recently enacted benefits related to two unemployment insurance (UI) programs: Unemployment Compensation (UC) and Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA). Congress has continued to consider modifications to these two programs within the federal-state UI system to provide weekly income replacement for individuals unavailable to work or unemployed. This book looks at the important issues concerning unemployment as a result of COVID-19.

As artificial neural networks have been gaining importance in the field of engineering, this compilation aims to review the scientific literature regarding the use of artificial neural networks for the modelling and optimization of food drying processes. The applications of artificial neural networks in food engineering are presented, particularly focusing on control, monitoring and modelling of industrial food processes. The authors emphasize the main achievements of artificial neural network modelling in recent years in the field of quantitative structure -- activity relationships and quantitative structure -- retention relationships. In the closing study, artificial intelligence techniques are applied to river water quality data and artificial intelligence models are developed in an effort to contribute to the reduction of the cost of future on-line measurement stations.

Ocimum: An Overview highlights the major milestones in the last three decades of taxonomical identification of Ocimum, providing insight into its potentialities and present demands. The authors explore the utilization of in vitro plant tissue cultures and genetic transformation systems for the improvement of sweet basil. An overview of the primary phenolic compounds found within basil is provided, along with their associated health benefits, and various strategies used to increase phytochemical levels in basil are discussed. Traditional uses of basil are discussed, including in the treatment of head colds and as a cure for warts and worms, as well as an appetite stimulant, carminative, and diuretic. The leishmanicidal and antimicrobial properties of Ocimum are discussed in an effort to assess its potential utility in the production of antimicrobials and leishmanicidal agents of natural origin. In closing, the authors summarize the main data on the biologically active substances and therapeutic activities of Ocimum species based on the current evidence.

Laboratory animals are fundamental in learning and teaching within the various areas of neuroscience research. This from its proper management, animal welfare, standardization of protocols, use of the best biomodel in exprimentation. There are many different areas of study within neurosciences today. However, any use of any biomodel must be based on the context of the three Rs (Refinement, Reduction and Replacement). The objective of this book is to make known through different chapters the use of different laboratory animals in standardized research lines applied to neurosciences in different contexts and applications in basic research.

Advances in Nanotechnology. Volume 24 introduces the basic principle of resonance energy transfer, discussing the resonance energy transfer process involved in plasma noble metallic nanoparticles on the basis of new research. The authors discuss the principles and the mechanisms of Magnetofection and illustrate it by using multiple examples of its applications in viral and non-viral nucleic acid delivery, both in vitro and in vivo. In one study, polyvinyl chloride is prepared with the percentages 30 wt.% PVC (30 wt%) loaded with 3-8 wt.% of titanium oxide nanoparticles, and the performance of prepared membranes is calculated. Recent progress on the synthesis of amphiphilic and stimuli responsive block copolymers by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer polymerization polymerization is assessed, with special focus on triblock terpolymers. The applications of Pluronic micelles in drug solubilization and delivery are explored for a better understanding of the importance of these materials in pharmaceutical applications. Later, the characteristics and transfer functions of the electroelastic digital-to-analog converter actuator for nanotechnology are examined. In closing, the authors review the magnetic and electric properties of different systems made up of the so-obtained Ni nanowires.

This compilation opens with a focus on social validity, which refers to the extent changes in a target skill brought about by instruction actually make a difference in students'' lives. Following this, the authors examine whether marijuana policy continues to feature morality- and values-based arguments. Urbanization and related housing issues in Burkina Faso are assessed through an analysis of urban development, housing supply and demand, and financing systems. Additionally, information that facilitates a specific form of qualitative analysis is examined, as well as how fragmented modes of urban basic utilities governance is hampering the perceived benefits of urbanization across the global south. The authors investigate how women''s employment in Indonesia depends on the family structure, particularly how women''s employment differs depending on whether the woman lives in an extended family or in a nuclear family. The management of cemeteries within the urbanised areas of Kuala Lumpur, Singapore and Jakarta is studied, examining the unconventional methods of conducting a burial. The penultimate chapter aims to demonstrate that, for most people who gamble, gambling is a fundamentally social activity. The closing study assesses the way in which religious beliefs may influence the choice of a contraception method, as all methods of conception control, except natural ones, are totally forbidden by most religions.