Books published by Nova Science Publishers Inc

The government reports included in this book range from June to September 2018 and examine US border control and security. The first report is focused on the Department of Homeland Security. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) was established by the Homeland Security Act of 2002 and began operations in 2003. This report examines the Department of Homeland Securitys (DHS) Office of Strategy, Policy and Plans as well as its Sub-Offices. The second report is an assessment of selected DHS components requirements infrastructure (such as Customs and Border Protection, Federal Emergency Management Agency, the US Coast Guard, and the US Citizenship and Immigration Services). It provides recommendations on additional practices that could help better develop operational requirements. Next, the southwest border of the United States has long been vulnerable to cross-border illegal activity. According to Border Patrol data, in Fiscal year 2017, Border Patrol agents apprehended 304,000 illegal entrants. Additionally, the US Customs and Border Protections (CBP) spent approximately $2.3 billion between 2007 and 2015 to deploy physical barriers along the nearly 2,000-mile southwest border. In the third report, the progress DHS has made is examined as well as the challenges it has faced implementing its border security efforts. In January and March 2017, the President issues a series of executive orders related to border security and immigration. The fourth report included in this book reviews the agencies implementation of the executive orders and related spending. Finally, the processes for tracking and unifying separated families are looked at and the progress and challenges in recruiting, hiring and retaining law enforcement personnel for US Customers and Border Protection is discussed in detail.

The first earnest attempt to explore the valley of the upper Yellowstone was made in 1859, by Colonel Raynolds, of the Corps of Engineers. His expedition passed entirely around the Yellowstone basin, but could not penetrate it. Ten years after Colonel Raynoldss unsuccessful attempt to solve the problem of the Yellowstone, a small party under Messrs. Cook and Folsom ascended the river to the lake, and crossed over the divide into the Geyser Basin of the Madison. The general public were indebted for their first knowledge of the marvels of this region to an expedition organized in the summer of 1870 by some of the officials and leading citizens of Montana. In the meantime, a large and thoroughly-organized scientific party, under Dr. F. V. Hayden, U. S. geologist, were making a systematic survey of the region traversed by Colonel Barlow. It is safe to say that no exploring expedition ever had a more interesting field of investigation, or ever studied so many grand, curious and wonderful aspects of nature in so short a time.

Hans Egede was a Lutheran missionary who launched mission efforts to Greenland. He embarked for Greenland, with his wife and four small children, the 12 May 1721; and he landed in Balls River, the 3 July. He established a successful mission among the Inuit and is credited with revitalising the island.

Established by Congress as an amendment to the Clean Air Act, the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) mandates that U.S. transportation fuel contain a minimum volume of renewable fuel. The mandated minimum volume increases annually and must be met using both conventional biofuel (e.g., cornstarch ethanol) and advanced biofuel (e.g., cellulosic ethanol). For a renewable fuel to be applied toward the mandate, it must be used for certain purposes (transportation fuel, jet fuel, or heating oil) and meet certain environmental and biomass feedstock criteria.

The government documents included in this book are comprised of reports and testimonies from June 2018 to September 2018 on research and development in the United States. The first report examines research and development projects started from 2010 through 2017 on advanced fossil energy. For over 100 years, three fossil fuel sources -- coal, oil and natural gas -- have made up at least 80% of total US energy consumption. While fossil fuels are associated with some negative environmental impacts - such as carbon dioxide emissions, the predominance of coal, oil and natural gas is likely to continue into the future. The second report focuses on considerations for maintaining US competitiveness in Quantum Computing, Synthetic Biology and other potentially transformational research advances. Federal support in such areas can accelerate innovation and drive technological advances and promote US competitiveness in the global economy. The third and final report focuses on additional actions needed to improve licensing of patented laboratory inventions. The GAO was asked to review agency practices for managing inventions developed at federal labs, with a particular focus on patent licensing. This report examines the challenges in licensing patents and steps take to address and report them.

All students expect to have equal access to a good education but this is not always the case. Research has shown that students who experience discipline that removes them from the classroom are more likely to repeat a grade, drop out of school, and become involved in the juvenile justice system. Black students, boys, and students with disabilities were disproportionately disciplined (e.g., suspensions and expulsions) in K-12 public schools. These disparities were widespread and persisted regardless of the type of disciplinary action, level of school poverty, or type of public school attended. Poverty can have a profound effect on academic outcomes and college readiness and students from low-income families are less likely to go to college. The low rates of degree attainment for low-income students raises questions about whether the students who wish to pursue higher education have access to courses that support their readiness for college. While most public high schools, regardless of poverty level, offered courses like algebra and biology, disparities in access were associated with school poverty level for more advanced courses like calculus, physics, and those that may allow students to earn college credit, like Advanced Placement (AP) courses.

Almost from time immemorial a border warfare has been carried on between the Koordish tribes on the confines of Turkey and Persia. The governments of Turkey and Persia requested the assistance of England and Russia to draw up a treaty of peace, and to come to a distinct understanding as to where the line of border ran between the two empires. In hopes of remedying these misfortunes, a conference was appointed at Erzeroom to discuss the position of the boundary. Robert Curzon was appointed as the English commissioner. This book originally published in 1854 describes the Curzons travels through this region.

Cellulose is the most important and naturally abundant organic biopolymer in the biosphere. It is the basic structural component of plant cell walls. Cellulose based materials have been utilized by our society as engineering materials for thousands of years and their use continues today as verified by the enormity of the worldwide industries. In recent decades, the conversion of renewable lignocellulosic biomass and natural biopolymers into chemicals, liquid fuels and feed supplements has gained considerable attention. In addition, the gradual depletion of petroleum resources, the lack of space for landfills, concerns over emissions during incineration, and environmental pollution caused due to accumulation of these non-destructible solid wastes has spurred efforts to develop high performance materials which are eco-friendly and sustainable. Keeping in mind the advantages of the bio-based materials from cellulose, this volume, edited by Tri-Dung (T.-D.) Ngo, includes cellulose from the micro- (cellulose fiber) to nanoscale (nanocellulose). This book focuses on the chemistry, production, properties and applications of the cellulose materials in various areas. From the view of sustainable development, the new materials associated with cellulose bio-renewable sources are enormously being addressed. In addition, nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving area of development, as science, engineering and technology have merged to bring nanoscale materials much closer to reality. The book also summarizes the recent developments made in the area of advanced bio-nanomaterials, chemical functionalization of celluloses from the micro- to nanoscale, and their processing and successful utilization for selected applications. A number of critical issues and suggestions for future work are discussed, underscoring the roles of researchers for the efficient development of advanced bio-nanomaterials through value addition to enhance their use.

This book presents a comprehensive overview of the current, most critical political, economic and social issues, and challenges facing Serbia on its road towards integration in the European Union. The chapters in the book are written by highly renowned authorities in their respective research fields including prominent scholars, academics, and researchers.Thorough analysis of the challenges and issues currently facing the Serbian society and state encompasses the following: Finance and banking sector, including the cooperation with international and European financial organizations, and its internal competitive environment; Economic sector, including the effects of globalization on the entrepreneurship in Serbia and the intellectual potential of the Serbian economy; IT sector, which includes semantic technologies, the data-driven economy, and open-data ecosystems in Serbia and in related European areas; Foreign policy issues of Serbia related to the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia; Serbia and the European migrant crisis; Corruption phenomenon in all sectors and on all levels of Serbian society, including the varieties of its mechanisms, as well as methods and instruments for combating it; Media sector, including its status, challenges, and prospects in the context of Serbias Euro-integration; Social gender issues including womens domestic violence in Serbia and methods for its reduction; Status of rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases in Serbia. The book provides a representative account of the most important, current challenges and issues in Serbia. It can serve as an authoritative source of information on the covered topics for the general public, as well as for specialists in different fields, interested in having a deeper insight into these topics.

"To struggle and battle and overcome and absolutely defeat every force designed against us is the only way to achieve."- Nannie Helen Burroughs. African American women have been integral to the various fights for equality throughout American history. Their importance to the movement occurred long before lifelong activist Rosa Parks became the catalyst in the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955. Who are the countless and often nameless black women who risked their lives and worked tirelessly to fight for the equality of black people in this country? From slavery to the modern day civil rights movement, the contributions of African American women are often overlooked in the retelling of history, but their contributions were critical in the battle for racial equality. They were grassroots organisers, strategists, and educators. Due to their selflessness and kindness, these black women became heroines of the movement. This book seeks to unearth the contributions of African American women throughout various periods of American history.

Hearing loss is one the commonest disabling diseases affecting populations of all ages worldwide. The impairment of hearing may be the cause of impaired language development in children, the cause of scholarly issues in adolescents, the cause of worsening of quality of life in the adults, and the cause of isolation of aged people. In this book, the authors present the hearing loss in all its facets, starting from the basis of pathophysiology and anatomy, passing through the clinical and instrumental diagnosis and, finally, describing the most important diseases causing hearing loss with reasonable treatment options. A section was dedicated to the imaging of the ear with about 100 original figures. The readers will find a complete classification of genetic hearing loss and all information related to congenital deafness as well. A wide section was reserved to the description and discussion of the most important pathology leading to hearing loss (Meniere''s disease, otosclerosis, trauma and occupational hearing impairment, etc.). The treatment of hearing loss is continuously evolving with the progress of technology, and the authors gave a wide space to describe all treatment options available for the patients, providing all information useful to manage hearing disease correctly.