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Industrial Energy Systems Handbook is a supplementary reading resource for candidates undertaking the Association of Energy Engineers (AEE) Certified Industrial Energy Professional (CIEP) program.
This book provides a simple, easily followed process for auditing building operations to identify and reduce energy consumption that leads to measurable carbon reduction. The crucial steps of this process involve assessing the facility's current conditions, understanding, and analyzing the operational and cost-based opportunities that increase carbon output. Taking this information to report the findings and then document a multiyear energy and carbon reduction plan. The book discusses the full scope of building components and systems, including how each system affects energy efficiency. It describes the operational energy efficiencies that are gained by implementing no-cost changes or alternative maintenance activities already funded. The book includes the process for identifying capital improvement opportunities, along with evaluating return on investment and life cycle replacement options for equipment. The four-step process described in this book will serve as a valuable tool for every building operator seeking to improve energy performance and reduce carbon output.
With the increased interest in climate impacts, sustainability, and efficiency, more responsibility is being placed on boiler operators to help improve performance and reduce emissions. This third edition of the Boiler Operator's Handbook is intended to help such operators in the quest for improved operability and performance of their boilers and their plants. The theme of this book is to "e;operate wisely"e;. The goal is to instill not only "e;know how"e; but "e;know why"e;. The main details have been provided by the original author, Mr. Ken Heselton. This updated version has been somewhat expanded to include a wider range of examples and some of the more recent environmental requirements.To illustrate these points, topics include multi boiler operations, understanding the plant load, maintenance issues, and controls. Every plant is different. However, it is hoped that with the information provided in this book, the wise operator will be able to address the various unique issues posed by the specific plant and provide timely solutions to meet the present-day requirements.
This book describes Spatial planning, urbanization, sustainable development, economic crisis, Mediterranean Europe.
This thoroughly revised book will provide the reader with an understanding of the principles and practices of testing and balancing (TAB) heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) air and water systems. It is for anyone interested in testing and balancing. For the novice and the experienced testing and balancing technician, it is a field reference book of procedures, equations, and information tables. For those interested in getting into TAB or who are new to the HVAC industry, it is a text for learning more about HVAC systems and testing and balancing. For the mechanical engineer, building owner, facility manager, commissioning agency or energy manager, this book can be used for teaching TAB, writing more effective specifications, and learning about TAB and how it interacts with system commissioning, indoor air quality and energy management. It is the intent of this book to improve the communications between owners, mechanical engineers, designers, vendors, contractors, TAB engineers, supervisors, and technicians to ensure that HVAC systems are being thoroughly tested and balanced.This book is used in test and balance self-study courses, in-house training programs, seminars, and other training formats as preparation for TAB certification, and as a text in colleges and technical schools. The sixth edition has general and specific testing and balancing procedures for constant air volume systems, variable air volume systems, return air and exhaust air systems, positive and negative pressure conditioned spaces, and fans and fan performance in Chapters 1 through 9. Chapters 10-12 cover testing and balancing fume hood systems, and cleanrooms and commissioning HVAC systems. Chapters 13 and 14 provide information on water systems and centrifugal pumps including water balancing procedures using flow meters, system components and temperatures, and water pumps and pump performance. Chapter 15 reviews analog and digital controls. Chapters 16-20 cover terminology for fluid flow, psychrometrics, refrigeration air distribution, water distribution, fans and pumps, motors, electrical, and instrument usage and care. Chapters 21 and 22 are equations and tables.
An overcurrent is caused by a short-circuit, ground-fault, or an overload.A short-circuit may be hundreds or even thousands of times above the normal operating current. This type of fault may be an arcing fault between ungrounded conductors or between an ungrounded conductor and a grounded (usually, a neutral) conductor, a line-to-line arcing fault may produce a current of 74% of a 3-phase bolted fault. A line-to-neutral arcing fault will be somewhat less.A line-to-line bolted fault, the equivalent, of the conductors bolted together, may be up to 100% of the available short-circuit current.A line-to-neutral bolted fault may be in excess of 100% of the 3-phase bolted fault at the source, but considerably less downstream.A ground-fault, that is, the equivalent of a connection between an ungrounded conductor and the equipment grounding system, will produce a current that may be 38% or higher of the 3-phase bolted fault current. These types of faults are typically arcing faults which normally are intermittent in nature. That is, they strike and restrike over time and may produce a short-circuit fault due to insulation damage.Once again, a line-to-equipment ground fault near the source may produce a fault current of over 100% of the 3-phase bolted fault, but considerably less downstream.An overload typically ranges from one to six times the normal current, and are normally caused by motor starting currents or transformer magnetizing currents. These conditions are of such short duration that the circuit components are not damaged.This book has a detailed analysis of these types of faults, along with explanations and examples of the various types of overcurrent protective devices to assure proper protection.This volume has extensive information on the application of overcurrent protection for conductors and equipment. The reader will be able to calculate fault currents as well as establishing the short-circuit withstand rating of conductor insulation and to determine the appropriate type of overcurrent devices based on circuit conditions.In addition, determining ground-fault currents for the purpose of selecting the proper size of equipment grounding conductors to establish an effective ground-fault current path is discussed in detail.Readership - Anyone involved with the design of overcurrent protection for electrical distribution systems from the system source to the electrical utilization equipment. The emphasis is placed on the design of the overcurrent protection for specific installations to assure proper protection for the circuit components regardless of the type of fault encountered.
The first concern and the most important reason for proper grounding techniques are to protect people from the effects of ground-faults and lightning. Creating an effective ground-fault current path to assure the operation of overcurrent protective devices on solidly grounded systems and to limit the voltage-rise on equipment frames during fault condition is of paramount importance.The next concern is building and equipment protection. In this case, providing low impedance bonding and grounding paths between the system source, the electrical service and downstream equipment will serve to limit hazardous voltages due to faults and especially, lightning, A low resistance-to-ground system will serve to limit the voltage rise on systems and equipment.But of equal importance is the length of the grounding electrode conductor. It is critical to limit the length of this conductor due to the increased impedance of lightning currents.And finally, a properly installed grounding system will minimize the effects of electrical noise on sensitive circuits and stabilize the voltage-to-ground during normal operation.This volume has extensive information on grounding electrical systems and equipment.This information includes the following topics:System GroundingEquipment GroundingBondingThe Grounding Electrode SystemSolidly Grounded SystemsImpedance Grounded SystemsGrounding Separately-Derived SystemsCalculating Ground-Fault CurrentsConductor Insulation Withstand RatingsConductor Fusing or Melting CurrentsFunctional GroundingLightning ProtectionReadership: Anyone involved with designing a proper grounding system that will serve to protect people and equipment from the effects of ground faults and lightning. And to design a proper grounding system for special applications, including Solar and Wind Powered Systems.
This collection of edited papers gives an integrated understanding of the question of "why is society unequal"? This book is aimed at those stakeholders, who want to make or contribute to change and build an undivided, socially inclusive society, and to those who want to contribute to empowering society in the Twenty-First century.
The book covers basic approaches to the nuclear fuel state of energy reactors in the last stages of the nuclear fuel cycle, these have been developed by the authors based on Ukrainian Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) operational experience. The book is essential reading for anyone concerned with NPP maintenance and safety.
Multirate signal processing can improve system performance and reduce costs in applications ranging from laboratory instruments, cable modems, wireless systems, satellites, Radar, Sonar, and consumer entertainment products. The second edition offer a systematic, clear, and intuitive introduction including Green signal processing techniques.
This book covers basic and advanced issues on the design of the future heterogeneous Cyber Physical Systems of Systems (CPSoS), including relevant Blockchain technologies, reconfigurable systems, advanced sensor interfaces and human-centered design processes.
This book covers basic information about system-level and circuit-level requirements, operation principles, key factors of considerations, and design/implementation techniques, as well as recent advances in integrated circuits and microsystems for emerging biomedical applications.
The book takes a multidisciplinary approach in looking at the problems and possible solutions that are faced by the educational professional of the 21st century when, by necessity or obligation, they face the use of ICT in their daily tasks.
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