Books published by Springer International Publishing AG

Accurately diagnosing the myriad of diseases that can affect the mouth, guiding patients correctly, and offering treatment with competence is a permanent challenge for dental surgeons and health professionals. Often, the diagnosis of these diseases is neglected or wrongly performed. This concise book guides health professionals in clinical decision making in oral diseases, assisting them not only on the diagnosis and treatment of oral and maxillofacial diseases, but also in terms of value and benefit of who treats the condition and, above all, who will be treated. The work provides guidelines formulated by a compilation of specific protocols of conduct, focusing on the scientific evidence and enriched by the authors¿ critical analyses.The book is divided into eight main sections that include twenty-eight chapters. Most of them have no more than 5 pages and follow the same format to standardize their use. Each chapter begins with a summary of the topic, a brief description of the main disease that fall into this diagnostic category, and their main definitions. Then, the clinical characteristics, ways of making the diagnosis, and a protocol for treatment for each lesion are presented. Additionally, the experienced authors interestingly discuss their perceptions on how to give bad news in the Oral Medicine setting; and the last section is especially dedicated to the dental management of medically complex patients or with little-known diseases, such as Burning Mouth Syndrome and COVID-19. More than 140 high resolution clinical images illustrate the book.Clinical Decision-Making in Oral Medicine targets is designed for health professionals and physicians from various specialties, who are interested in diseases with systemic repercussions that affect the oral and maxillofacial complex and in oral repercussions of treatments for complex diseases such as head and neck cancer. Students in dentistry may also find the book of value.

Internationally, marginalized populations, including indigenous people, refugees fleeing both war and the effects of climate change and people-of-color, have borne a disproportionate share of serious COVID 19 illnesses and deaths. Each contributor has a background in public health, applied psychology, and international issues, bringing a unique perspective and a valuable lens through which to view these issues. Additionally, the authors are members of the COVID-19 Ethics and Legal Issues Task Force within Division 52 (International Psychology) of the American Psychological Association. The task force has spent the last two years describing how COVID-19 has highlighted pre-existing health disparities within the U.S. and internationally. The topics investigated include strategies to manage the pandemic employed by governments in various countries as well as models of medical ethics guiding healthcare decision-making.

This book is about all things consciousness, great and small. It starts by pointing to the key characteristic of consciousness, without realizing which it cannot be understood: like everything else about the mind, it is fundamentally a kind of computation. Among many other matters, this explains: how it is that we share some aspects of consciousness with bacteria; how it can arise in artificial machines and not just living ones; how the empty cocoon of the self that it spins ends up pretending to be the butterfly; and how consciousness dooms this virtual butterfly to the splendor and the suffering of being awake and aware. Unlike most other books on consciousness, this one includes a discussion of some possible ways whereby we, pinned like butterflies by our species¿ history and socioeconomic circumstances, can awake to our collective predicament and join forces to do something about it. It should be of interest to all readers who care about the nature of our lived experience ¿ andabout our survival, which depends on developing critical consciousness of our dire situation and the social dynamics that shape it.

This is a book about the human experience of doing infectious disease research, linked to operational responses to disease outbreaks around the world. Rather than a manual or how-to guide, this book presents a roadmap and vision for equitable, sustainable, and impactful partnerships shared through a rich interweaving of voices -- north and south, academics and community practitioners, senior mentors and trainees, multiple generations, multiple disciplines. It focuses on the stories that need to be told, the successes and the failures, and visions for a healthier and more compassionate future for humanity.Each of the book's three sections address a key dimension of infectious disease work now and in the future. Section I provides background on the foundational principles of the field, and critically examines the successes and shortcomings of current structures. Section II presents case studies from a diverse collection of authors acrossresearch, academia, policy, and practice, highlighting both unique and shared experiences. The final section proposes sustainable, equitable improvements, within the context of a changing global landscape and the future of pandemics and infectious disease research. This is an open access book.

This book presents a novel approach to the classical scientific discipline of Structural Engineering, which is inspired by numerous current applications from domains of Civil, Mechanical or Aerospace Engineering. The main goal of this book is to help with making the best choice between accuracy and efficiency, when it comes to building the most suitable structural models by practising engineers using modern computational tools available in commercial software products (SAP, FEAP, ANSYS ¿) for which we have carried out many developments that have been become the main reference in the field. Any development of this kind is not a mere modification of discrete approximation, but a thorough treatment with a sound theoretical formulation based upon Hu-Washizu variational principle with independent rotation field, its corresponding regularization and finally the most appropriate finite element interpolation that can match those used for structural elements. Proposed approach allows us to provide a unified discrete approximation of complex structural assemblies and greatly simplify the modeling task for structural engineers. Thus, in conclusion, this book can also be perceived as the theoretical manual for using modern computer models successfully by practising engineers.

This book identifies police leaders who have stood out and chalked a path that has transformed their organizations. It describes these thinkers, who look deep into the challenges of policing and comment critically upon various responses and actions.Featuring profiles of police leaders from various countries, this book features officers with an aptitude for learning, presenting the situations they have confronted and the methods they have adopted to change systems and usher reforms. It identifies the characteristics of thinking police officers, and suggests the ways in which the serious policing challenges of modern times can be addressed by creative and outside the box thinking by leadership.Appropriate for students of criminal justice and policing, for researchers studying law enforcement and for practitioners discussing policing reform, this book will initiate a new debate about the nature and possibilities of building new police for the 21st century.

This book explores a most central phenomenon in our contemporary businesses and organization, the growing complexity in business. Economic growth and growth of complexity always have been inseparable, but the last decennia the growth of complexity appears to outrun our growth of knowledge and understanding. For success and continuity, the modern firm in the developing complexity of its markets and societal contexts must have the capacity to master and exploit a commensurate level of complexity in its internal organization. This book is the first of its kind to help the reader to understand the different types of complexity and the different concepts and tools to deal with each of them in business administration, strategy, and organization. This book offers the reader a fresh perspective on conventional concepts and tools in the field of business administration and bridges these to new concepts as are being used to exploit new complexities. In the process, the reader becomes familiar with the rich cybernetic concept of information, as a basis for the information-based organization and to master big data. With that complex decision-making is clarified and a fresh understanding of the core function of the organization, coordination, is offered for those who want to solve the issue of self-coordination. The book provides working examples but even more the strongest tool to master and to reduce complexity: a deeper and broader understanding of what is going on beneath the surface of what we experience daily. This book builds on Herbert Simon¿s hypothesis of simplicity: ¿to use the simplicity of process to deal with the complexity of state.¿