Books published by Springer International Publishing AG

This book offers an accessible framework for macroeconomic modelling rooted in the capital theory of Austrian Economics. By distinguishing between the goods and monetary sides of the economy and exploring their interaction, the book provides a comprehensive macroeconomic model that integrates time preference and interest rates. It examines how monetary and fiscal policies can produce business cycles and how these cycles are influenced by central bank liquidity and financial market behaviour. Additionally, the book discusses the ways in which monetary and fiscal policies can prolong and intensify economic stagnation.Through its clear exposition, this book deepens the understanding of the conditions that determine the unsustainability of credit-driven economic expansions. It is essential reading for students and researchers in political economy, macroeconomics, monetary economics, and those interested in advancing Austrian Economics.Antony P. Mueller is a Professor at the Mises Academy in São Paulo. He specializes in Austrian Economics, with a focus on macroeconomic theory.

'This intriguing volume offers a significant contribution to the growing field of lived religion, i.e. religion from the perspective of laymen and women, who sought empowerment through their faith. The volume not only provides readers with much new knowledge about religious revival movements; the geographical breadth of the chapters offers new opportunities to explore the topic from a sociological and trans-denominational perspective. Anyone with an interest in global history, social history, and gender studies will have an interest in this work.'- Juliane Engelhardt, University of Copenhagen, Denmark'This is a significant contribution to the historiography of revival movements in the long nineteenth century. Ranging from Russia and Finland to India and the US, the chapters highlight the international and cross-denominational dynamics of Protestant awakenings and how they intersected with diverse esoteric revivals. Especially rewarding is the focus on formations of popular religion between dissemination efforts by experts from above and the self-empowerment of lay people from below.'- Jan Stievermann, Heidelberg University, Germany.This open access book focuses on the potential for conflict between high and low culture during the transformations of the popular in the field of religion in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Specifically, the contributors to this edited collection consider the so-called 'Revival Movements' that came up as a symptom of differentiation and pluralisation of Protestantism in reaction to the Enlightenment, rationalism, and criticism of religion, and explore the attempts at theological self-empowerment of Christian laymen and laywomen.Veronika Albrecht-Birkner is University Professor in Church and Theology History at the University of Siegen, Germany. Stefanie Siedek-Strunk is Research Assistant at the CRC 1472 'Transformations of the popular' at the University of Siegen, Germany.

This book compiles an extensive list of solved and proposed problems in mathematical topics in analysis, aimed at students of mathematics, applied mathematics, physics, and engineering.The book begins with an exploration of simple linear and nonlinear ordinary differential equations in Chapter 1, advancing through topics such as power series and the Frobenius method for solving differential equations in Chapter 2. In subsequent chapters, the discussion expands to include functions of complex variables, special functions constructed through the hypergeometric function, and series solutions including Fourier, Fourier-Bessel, and Fourier-Legendre series. Problems in integral transforms, Sturm-Liouville systems, Green's function, linear partial differential equations are also included. The work finishes with a special chapter on fractional calculus and practical applications of the topics presented.With solved examples and step-by-step exercises, this book can be of value to undergraduate and graduate students seeking a hands-on approach on the listed topics, and as a bibliographical complement to STEM courses as well.

Housing has always had a close association with the lives refugees lead in exile and the settlement of refugees is, at its core, a housing issue. Refugees move from their home, perhaps through various other places, to finally arrive in a nation-state which provides them with security of status and the promise of assistance to continue their lives. At the foundation of this promise of refuge is the provision of a safe and secure home. Despite this, the knowledge base about housing and its significance in the lives of refugees is not fully understood and this risks understating the enormous impact housing has on the settlement of refugees more broadly. This book makes an important contribution to the literature on the relationship between sanctuary and housing. It draws on new empirical research to examine how refugees have transitioned through the housing system over the last three decades and how changes in policy and the routes into refugee status has mediated these experiences.

This book describes some approaches for developing the numerical models to efficiently predict the formation of extreme waves which can pose a threat to the safety of marine structures. The numerical algorithms for solving different governing equations and the theoretical probability models for extreme wave predictions are explained in detail. These models can help engineers in the design of marine structures that can withstand extreme waves.With more frequent extreme weather due to climate change, extreme waves have become more common. Extreme waves are an interesting phenomenon, but because of their enormous destructive power, understanding their formation mechanism, properties, and impact, is necessary for the design and safe operation of ships and offshore structures.In addition, this book: Explains the nature of extreme waves, their formation mechanism, and their generation probability in different sea states Describes some numerical models that can simulate the behaviour of extreme waves to various degrees of accuracy as required Suitable for scientists, graduate students, in ocean engineering, and engineers who design marine structures

This concise and challenging examination of medical education aims to discuss curriculum design and evaluation in medical schools and to take a fresh look at current trends in patient care and continuing education teaching methods. The ideas and insights provided here are based on the author's long career in clinical practice and teaching medical students and residents.Medical education is no exception to the changes at every level in medicine. For example, the ready access to medical information via the Internet and other media has produced smarter and informed patients.  Multi-specialty hospital practice has replaced the individual 'doctor-patient' relationship, perhaps compromising patient care to some extent.  New subjects have been added over the years to medical curricula. Nevertheless, there has often been a reluctance to remove older topics, possibly limiting the medical training course's ability to develop as expected.  The transition from theories of higher education to the reality of curriculum planning and design is a huge leap. An important question is how to translate the mission of higher education in general which has been variably described as a training of 'reflective individuals' who 'possess both culture and expertise' and can 'master any subject with facility' into a coherent teaching program. The mission of medical education includes the promotion of professionalism in learners by including courses in medical ethics that have become integral to medical education in the USA. However, despite the development of standards and competencies related to professionalism, there is no consensus on the specific goals of medical ethics education, the knowledge and skills expected of learners, and the best pedagogical methods and processes for their implementation and assessment.A significant contribution to the clinical teaching literature, Curriculum Design, Evaluation, and Teaching in Medical Education should be of interest to a variety of readers, including clinical educators, administrators, health care professionals, and especially residency directors.

This textbook is addressed to PhD or senior undergraduate students in mathematics, with interests in analysis, calculus of variations, probability and optimal transport. It originated from the teaching experience of the first author in the Scuola Normale Superiore, where a course on optimal transport and its applications has been given many times during the last 20 years. The topics and the tools were chosen at a sufficiently general and advanced level so that the student or scholar interested in a more specific theme would gain from the book the necessary background to explore it. After a large and detailed introduction to classical theory, more specific attention is devoted to applications to geometric and functional inequalities and to partial differential equations.This is the second edition of the book, first published in 2018. It includes refinement of proofs, an updated bibliography and a more detailed discussion of minmax principles, with the aim of giving two fully self-contained proofs of Kantorovich duality.

The success of predictive large language models (PLLMs) like GPT3 and ChatGPT has created both enthusiasts and skeptics of their widespread practical applications, but this book argues that the larger significance of such models is contained in what they suggest about human cognition. To explore this potential, the book develops a thought experiment called the Prediction Room, a reference to John Searle's influential Chinese Room argument, in which a human agent processes language by following a set of opaque written rules without possessing an inherent understanding of the language. The book proposes a new Room model-the Prediction Room with its resident Prediction Agent-generalizing the working of large language models. Working through a wide range of topics in cognitive science, the book challenges the conclusion of Searle's thought experiment, that discredited contemporary artificial intelligences (AI), through the suggestion that the Prediction Room offers a means of exploring how new ideas in AI can provide productive alternatives to traditional understandings of human cognition. In considering the implications of this, the book reviews an array of topics and issues in cognitive science to uncover new ideas and reinforce older ideas about the mental mechanisms involved in both sides. The discussion of these topics in the book serves two purposes. First, it aims to stimulate new thinking about familiar topics like language acquisition or the nature and acquisition of concepts. Second, by contrasting human psychology with the form of artificial psychology these models exhibit, it uncovers how new directions in the development of these systems can be better explored.In addition, this book: Evaluates PLLMs using cognitive science to reflect on implications for human cognition Explores how PLLMs reinforce and suggest new ideas about mental mechanisms of cognition Utilizes cognitive model theories to test limits of understanding large language models

In an era of significant geopolitical shifts, unrelenting violent confrontation, nationalism and identity politics, the institutions in which Canada and its allies have invested significant capital such as trade, political, and security organisations are being tested and stretched to the limit. This edition will look back on Canadäs approach to encouraging democracy abroad, it will consider ways to enhance middle power democracy statecraft in an era of growing international and domestic insecurity, backsliding and populism, and discern patterns and recurring themes in Canadian support for rights and democracy, as well as efforts to grapple with novel trends like digital threats to democracy.