Books published by Springer International Publishing AG

This book introduces the Learning-Augmented Network Optimization (LANO) paradigm, which interconnects network optimization with the emerging AI theory and algorithms and has been receiving a growing attention in network research. The authors present the topic based on a general stochastic network optimization model, and review several important theoretical tools that are widely adopted in network research, including convex optimization, the drift method, and mean-field analysis. The book then covers several popular learning-based methods, i.e., learning-augmented drift, multi-armed bandit and reinforcement learning, along with applications in networks where the techniques have been successfully applied. The authors also provide a discussion on potential future directions and challenges.

When it comes to branding the energy space, an exciting and largely unexplored field of research emerges. Energy companies are under the spotlight as consumers press for positive action on sustainability, CSR, and environmental issues. In light of this, this book has two objectives. First, the author explores the challenges and opportunities that experts within the field face when deciding on strategic brand direction. The results indicate that practitioners in recently liberalised markets have met the emerging branding challenges, such as differentiating commodities, meeting new consumer demands, and building strong brands. Second, the book examines, from an expert-practitioner point of view, whether branding and building brands are activities relevant to this type of market. This book, therefore, attempts to fill a literature gap, as it examines the applicability of theoretical and practical methods of branding and brand strategies in a commodity market, in this case the energy market.

This book introduces readers to multicriteria decision aiding (MCDA) interventions used in complex situations. In each chapter, expert analysts propose a piece of the puzzle, while the final, complete puzzle offers an interesting reflection of the main challenges and difficulties associated with decision aiding interventions, as well as the different tools adopted in response. Particular attention is given to the approaches used to identify and overcome specific difficulties.Designed for analysts familiar with several multicriteria methods but seeking detailed information and experience, this book helps to elaborate and validate MC models in real-life decision aiding interventions. In addition, it helps novice analysts appreciate the difficulty of decision aiding and use the available methods to reduce or control them with the help of socio-technical approaches.

This book is for readers who wish to understand the ethical implications of the COVID-19 pandemic ¿ holistically ¿ on communities, politics, the economy, the environment, international relations, public health, and, most importantly, on their own lives and their own futures. It also helps readers to think through the wide-ranging ethical implications of the new age of global pandemics.The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed all of our lives to such an extent that no single publication will ever be able to capture its complexity. The book acknowledges this complexity by embracing interdisciplinary dialogue. It is open to diverse points of view, different ethical systems, and a wide variety of academic disciplines. It suggests three broad avenues to exploring the subject: Ethics for Pandemics: What ethical theories are useful for pandemic living?Ethics in Pandemics: How are long-standing ethical dilemmas revealed in pandemics? Ethics of Pandemics: How should politicians and public health professionals create ethical systems of pandemic management? Interdisciplinary perspectives are another key feature of the book and reflect the important insights that many academic disciplines ¿ medical ethics and public health, history, political science, economics, behavioral and evolutionary psychology, and climate science ¿ bring to bear on the subject. In the chapters, the author joins theory and practice, providing an overview of the major ethical theories: Kant and DeontologyUtilitarianism and Consequentialist EthicsSocial Contract TheoryEgoism and AltruismVirtue Ethics It then uses these theories to analyze both COVID-19 and also historical pandemics, including typhus, smallpox, the Black Death, HIV/AIDS, and polio.Ethics and Pandemics: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on COVID-19 and Future Pandemics prepares readers to better understand ethical living during times of crisis. While written for students pursuing any discipline, it is particularly suited for those seeking degrees in public health, health care, political science, and philosophy. Furthermore, non-specialized readers and members of the general public will find the book of interest.

In the COVID 19 post-pandemic era, sustainable financial systems are increasingly getting the attention they deserve, and policymakers are now moving toward investment and financing decisions based on sustainable development. Green finance plays an important role in mobilizing financial resources and hedging against environmental risk to achieve financially sustainable systems. Moreover, green financial instruments offer viable alternatives for investors and regulators with regard to portfolio management and risk minimization. Over the last few years, financial technology (FinTech) has grown to become one of the most topical areas in the global financial services industry. The development of distributed ledger technology, big data, smart contracts, peer-to-peer lending platforms, biometrics, and new digital has sparked innovation in the financial services industry and the development of new financing and investment strategies. The combination of sustainability and FinTech can help policymakers to achieve ESG targets when making investment and financing decisions.This book showcases a collection of recent advances in green finance and FinTech and explores their impact in achieving sustainable finance, investment strategy-making, and portfolio management. Presenting theoretical frameworks and the latest empirical studies in the field of green finance and FinTech, it offers a valuable asset for academics, professionals, policymakers, regulators, and investors who want to understand in-depth the impact of green finance and FinTech on future investment and financing strategies in the post-pandemic era.

This textbook is an introductory guide to applying behavioral sciences and systemic thinking into public policy design and implementation. It presents an innovative public management toolkit to handle 'wicked' social problems - those not very responsive to traditional public policy instruments - by incorporating insights from the behavioral sciences and systemic design in the diagnostics of public problems, based on the motivations and constraints of the 'real citizen' - beyond the ideal citizen's perfectly rational intentions and plans devoid of social context or self-control problems.This volume aims to motivate the inclusion of broader and deeper insights from the behavioral sciences - especially behavioral economics, cognitive psychology, and social psychology - to the repertoire of public managers by introducing new methodologies for diagnosing the root causes behind public problems and for designing effective policies to address them. The new diagnosis tool - theMSI framework (an acronym for Motivation, Self-control, and Inattention problems) -, will help identify new mechanisms underlying social problems or reinterpret known problems based on behavioral insights. The new methodology for policy design - the PRIx framework (an acronym for Pricing policies, Regulatory policies, and Information policies) -, will enrich existing policy tools with such behavioral insights.Behavioral Insights for Policy Design: A New Framework for Understanding Wicked Social Problems and Designing Policies for Real Citizens will be a useful and practical guide to public managers and students of graduate and advanced undergraduate courses in public management interested in learning how to apply innovative tools and methodologies inspired by the behavioral sciences into public policy design in a simple and practical way, even when dealing with complex social problems.

This textbook offers the knowledge and the mathematical background or techniques that are required to implement encryption/decryption algorithms or security techniques. It also provides the information on the cryptography and a cryptosystem used by organizations and applications to protect their data and users can explore classical and modern cryptography. The first two chapters are dedicated to the basics of cryptography and emphasize on modern cryptography concepts and algorithms. Cryptography terminologies such as encryption, decryption, cryptology, cryptanalysis and keys and key types included at the beginning of this textbook . The subsequent chapters cover basic phenomenon of symmetric and asymmetric cryptography with examples including the function of symmetric key encryption of websites and asymmetric key use cases. This would include security measures for websites, emails, and other types of encryptions that demand key exchange over a public network.Cryptography algorithms (Caesar cipher, Hill cipher, Playfair cipher, Vigenere cipher, DES, AES, IDEA, TEA, CAST, etc.) which are varies on algorithmic criteria like- scalability, flexibility, architecture, security, limitations in terms of attacks of adversary. They are the core consideration on which all algorithms differs and applicable as per application environment. The modern cryptography starts from invent of RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) which is an asymmetric key algorithm based on prime numbers. Nowadays it is enabled with email and digital transaction over the Internet. This textbook covers Chinese remainder theorem, Legendre, Jacobi symbol, Rabin cryptosystem, generalized ElGamal public key cryptosystem, key management, digital signatures, message authentication, differential cryptanalysis, linear cryptanalysis, time-memory trade-off attack, network security, cloud security, blockchain, bitcoin, etc. as well as accepted phenomenon under modern cryptograph. Advanced level students will find this textbook essential for course work and independent study. Computer scientists and engineers and researchers working within these related fields will also find this textbook useful.

This book explores the rich history of the keyword from its earliest manifestations (long before it appeared anywhere in Google Trends or library cataloging textbooks) in order to illustrate its implicit and explicit mediation of human cognition and communication processes. The author covers the concept of the keyword from its deictic origins in primate and proto-speech communities, through its development within oral traditions, to its initial appearances in numerous graphical forms and its workings over time within a variety of indexing traditions and technologies. The book follows the history all the way to its role in search engine optimization and social media strategies and its potential as an element in the slowly emerging semantic web, as well as in multiple voice search applications. The author synthesizes different perspectives on the significance of this often-invisible intermediary, both in and out of the library and information science context, helping readers to understand how it has come to be so embedded in our daily life.This book: Provides a thorough history of the keyword, from primate and proto-speech communities to current timesExplains how the concept of the keyword relates to human cognition and communication processesHighlights the applications of the keyword, both in and out of the library and information science context

This textbook covers the physics of engineering materials and the latest technologies used in modern engineering projects. It has been designed for use as a reference book and course material for undergraduate engineering students. The book was born out of the need for a comprehensive, balanced, and up-to-date guide for teaching physics to beginning undergraduate engineering students and creating examination papers for technical boards and institutes. The text is divided into ten chapters, each with its specific objectives and features. The topics covered include the classification of engineering materials, atomic structure, electrical and magnetic behavior of solids, quantum mechanics, laser technology, nanomaterials, and sustainable development.Authored by a physicist with over 40 years of teaching experience, this richly-illustrated textbook features an abundance of self-assessment questions, solved examples, and a variety of chapter-end questions with detailed answers. The textbook starts from the very basics and is developed to the desired level, thus making it ideal as standalone course material.

This book is a concise but thorough introduction to the tools commonly used in pattern recognition and machine learning, including classification, dimensionality reduction, regression, and clustering, as well as recent popular topics such as deep neural networks and Gaussian process regression. The Second Edition is thoroughly revised, featuring a new chapter on the emerging topic of physics-informed machine learning and additional material on deep neural networks.Combining theory and practice, this book is suitable for the graduate or advanced undergraduate level classroom and self-study. It fills the need of a mathematically-rigorous text that is relevant to the practitioner as well, with datasets from applications in bioinformatics and materials informatics used throughout to illustrate the theory. These datasets are available from the book website to be used in end-of-chapter coding assignments based on python and Keras/Tensorflow. All plots in the text were generated using python scripts and jupyter notebooks, which can be downloaded from the book website.

This textbook begins by introducing the concept of the time value of money and explaining how it is applied in valuation. It then uses practical and easy-to-understand examples to illustrate the application of the time value of money concept in valuing cash flows, annuities, and perpetuities. This is followed by an in-depth discussion of the firm's financing sources and the determination of its cost of capital. The remainder of the textbook discusses the valuation of fixed-income securities, equity assets, and the firm, featuring specific examples and case studies from South Africa, Europe, and the Americas. Equity asset and firm valuation approaches discussed include variants of single and multiple-stage growth dividend discount models, free cash flows, residual income, and multiple valuation approaches. The practical examples and case studies equip students with the tools they need to apply these valuation approaches.  Aimed at upper undergraduate and postgraduate accounting and finance students, this textbook discusses in which context each valuation approach is most appropriate.  Electronic supplementary materials are available online by chapter.Vusani Moyo is an Associate Professor at the University of Venda, South Africa. He holds a PhD in Financial Management Sciences from the University of Pretoria, an MSc in Finance from the University of Leicester School of Management, an MBA in Finance from the University of Manchester Business School, and a BA (Hons) in Accounting and Finance (First Class) from the University of Derby. Vusani is also a Chartered Certified Accountant, a Chartered Management Accountant, and an ICAEW-Chartered Accountant. His current research interests include the capital structure of African financial and non-financial firms, cash flow sensitivity of cash, green banking, green finance, investment cash flow sensitivity of cash, cost of capital, dividend policy, and firm and equity asset valuation.

Modern mathematics has become an essential part of today¿s physicist¿s arsenal and this book covers several relevant such topics. The primary aim of this book is to present key mathematical concepts in an intuitive way with the help of geometrical and numerical methods - understanding is the key. Not all differential equations can be solved with standard techniques. Examples illustrate how geometrical insights and numerical methods are useful in understanding differential equations in general but are indispensable when extracting relevant information from equations that do not yield to standard methods.Adopting a numerical approach to complex analysis it is shown that Cauchy¿s theorem, the Cauchy integral formula, the residue theorem, etc. can be verified by performing hands-on computations with Python codes. Figures elucidate the concept of poles and essential singularities.Further the book covers topology, Hilbert spaces, Fourier transforms (discussing how fast Fourier transform works), modern differential geometry, Lie groups and Lie algebras, probability and useful probability distributions, and statistical detection of signals. Novel features include: (i) Topology is introduced via the notion of continuity on the real line which then naturally leads to topological spaces. (ii) Data analysis in a differential geometric framework and a general description of ¿2 discriminators in terms of vector bundles.This book is targeted at physics graduate students and at theoretical (and possibly experimental) physicists. Apart from research students, this book is also useful to active physicists in their research and teaching.

This open access book, supported by FEPS and Fondation Jean-Jaurès, centres on the work of contemporary progressive feminist thinkers and the idea that there is no democracy without gender equality. The authors develop the concept of a feminism that works for everyone ¿ regardless of their gender, social or cultural identity ¿ in the context of EU policy. The book features gender experts with multidisciplinary backgrounds from across Europe, providing a comprehensive exploration of efforts to move away from ¿gender backlash¿ rhetoric and towards a new gender contract for a fairer, more equal European Union.

The challenges of developing research and generating scientific knowledge in environments that involve subjective aspects related to employees, customers, managers, leaders, inspectors, auditors, among other stakeholders in the business environment, can be overwhelming for students that are new to this type of inquiry. This textbook presents an integrated view of qualitative research strategies with data collection and analysis techniques.The book explores nine distinct research strategies, namely ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, case study, design science research, grounded design, action research, participatory action research, and action-design research.Related to data collection, this text discusses different types of qualitative interviews (focus groups, ethnographic, phenomenological, etc), as well as how to handle ethical issues that may arise.In terms of analyzing data, the author describes various reading techniques, how to code the text, and how to use software to aid in the analysis.The final section of the book explains how to write up the results of qualitative research, including article structure and selecting an outlet for publication.Students will benefit from the plentiful examples and exercises that highlight the interweaving of data collection and analysis as well as concrete guidelines on engaging in qualitative research. At a time in which qualitative research is becoming more rigorous to meet the demands of the field, this textbook will prove a valuable resource for the next generation of business researchers.The English translation of this book from its Portuguese original manuscript was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service provider DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision of the content was done by the author.

This book discusses the modern theory of Laplace eigenfunctions through the lens of a new tool called geodesic beams. The authors provide a brief introduction to the theory of Laplace eigenfunctions followed by an accessible treatment of geodesic beams and their applications to sup norm estimates, L^p estimates, averages, and Weyl laws. Geodesic beams have proven to be a valuable tool in the study of Laplace eigenfunctions, but their treatment is currently spread through a variety of rather technical papers. The authors present a treatment of these tools that is accessible to a wider audience of mathematicians. Readers will gain an introduction to geodesic beams and the modern theory of Laplace eigenfunctions, which will enable them to understand the cutting edge aspects of this theory.

This book provides the essential theoretical tools for stochastic modeling. The authors address the most used models in applications such as Markov chains with discrete-time parameters, hidden Markov chains, Poisson processes, and birth and death processes. This book also presents specific examples with simulation methods that apply the topics to different areas of knowledge. These examples include practical applications, such as modeling the COVID-19 pandemic and animal movement modeling. This book is concise and rigorous, presenting the material in an easily accessible manner that allows readers to learn how to address and solve problems of a stochastic nature.

In this book recognized world-renowned expert authors expose the state of the art on musculoskeletal ultrasound elastography.Low cost, wide dissemination and accuracy in the evaluation of the musculoskeletal structures, nerves, periosseous soft parts, vascular structures, together with the possibility of performing real time dynamic studies, made the ultrasound technique widely spread among sonographers and musculoskeletal radiologists.Each chapter presents a description of the elastographic semiotics of the main pathologies of the musculoskeletal system and soft tissue, images that represent both routine and more complex clinical cases in a practical and schematic way and summary tables on the characteristics in terms of elasticity found in the main pathologies.A wealth of color images as well as dynamic images and tables complete the book, that will be a useful tool for sonographers , radiologists, orthopedists, sports medicine specialists wishing to expand their knowledge on ultrasound elastography.

This book integrates foundational ideas from psychology, immersive digital learning environments supported by theories and methods of the learning sciences, particularly in pursuit of questions of cognition, behavior and emotion factors in digital learning experiences. New and emerging foundations of theory and analysis based on observation of digital traces are enhanced by data science, particularly machine learning, with extensions to deep learning, natural language processing and artificial intelligence brought into service to better understand higher-order thinking capacities such as self-regulation, collaborative problem-solving and social construction of knowledge. As a result, this edited volume presents a collection of indicators or measurements focusing on learning processes and related behavior, (meta-)cognition, emotion and motivation, as well as social processes. In addition, each section of the book includes an invited commentary from a related field, such as educational psychology, cognitive science, learning science, etc.

This volume provides an introduction to Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) for those in the public administration field. At the intersection between human resource management and information technology, HRIS is often the key to having and maintaining the personnel data that is essential for hiring and recruitment, strategic planning and analysis, and legal requirements in most public organizations. Revised and updated for the second edition, this book describes what an HRIS system is, what the functionality of such a system should be, and outlines the practical aspects of an HRIS. It also compares the different aspects of human resources in public organizations, non-profit organizations, and private corporations, and how differences across organizations may influence the functionality requirements of the HRIS. Finally, the volume contains both an organizational theory component, which frames how an HRIS interacts with an organization both from a functional standpoint and a reporting standpoint. The book includes a practical component, which includes real-world case studies that illustrate the advantages and pitfalls to implementing an HRIS enterprise system. Providing a thorough introduction to HRIS for both academics and practitioners, this volume is appropriate for researchers, graduate students, and practitioners in the fields of public administration, higher education administration, information systems, computer science, and human resources.

This book investigates the physical effects of a lightning flash on a person near the down conductor of a lightning protection system. These effects are the touch voltage, the step voltage and the side flash. For this purpose, a full-scale simulation model of the human body with a resistance of 1000 ohms was first created. In the simulation model, the body can touch the down conductor or be placed close to it. Furthermore, the specific resistance of the earth is varied. Likewise, insulating layers such as asphalt can be incorporated into the simulation model. Also, special cases like water permeable layers or water layers on an asphalt layer can be calculated. In post-processing, all relevant values can be determined, such as the energy converted in the body, the charge, the current and the voltage applied to the body. A comparison with the permissible limit values then shows for the lightning protection classes whether there is danger or not and provides information on necessary measures. There is a risk for death and injury if the down conductor is touched. However, there is also a risk of a side flash if a person is standing next to a discharge. Site isolation with dry asphalt is effective, but there is a residual risk of surface discharges. In real situations with wet asphalt, water-permeable layers or asphalt with a water layer, however, there is a great risk of death or injury. Equipotential bonding with an earthing grid is a necessary but not sufficient solution with regard to the induced voltage at negative subsequent stroke. Therefore, the situation must always be examined on a case-by-case basis with regard to the safety requirements. The only effective measure to prevent injury and death due to touch voltage is an insulating down conductor in conjunction with equipotential bonding. The measures for reducing the touch voltage, such as site insulation and equipotential bonding, basically also apply to limiting the step voltage. A risk calculation according to IEC 62305-2 gives the mean time between two events of injury and death MG = 1/RA. The tolerable risk is: RA = 0,0001 or MT = 10.000 years, equivalent to one death in 10.000 years.

This extensively revised new edition comprehensively reviews the rise of clinical research informatics (CRI). It enables the reader to develop a thorough understanding of how CRI has developed and the evolving challenges facing the biomedical informatics professional in the modern clinical research environment. Emphasis is placed on the changing role of the consumer and the need to merge clinical care delivery and research as part of a changing paradigm in global healthcare delivery. Clinical Research Informatics presents a detailed review of using informatics in the continually evolving clinical research environment. It represents a valuable textbook reference for all students and practising healthcare informatics professional looking to learn and expand their understanding of this fast-moving and increasingly important discipline.

Ecological restoration, although a relatively new endeavour compared to other disciplines, has gained significant momentum during the last decade as accelerating global change becomes more apparent. It is now widely accepted by the scientific community that to avoid further devastating effects of climate change and biodiversity loss, humanity must determinedly move more to protect and restore natural ecosystems. Many restoration efforts of the past have been ad hoc, site and situation-specific and have often failed to achieve desired outcomes, but over the last decade, many countries are allocating increasingly significant amounts of financial investment towards restoration with the goal of achieving more systematic and predictable outcomes. Today, activities related to restoring ecosystems, natural assets and biodiversity are a global focus. This book covers a wide range of topics related to ecological restoration including for grasslands, wetlands, temperate and tropical forests and arid zones. Importantly, it also focuses on ecological restoration in human-disturbed landscapes such as for urban areas, farmlands, mine sites and transport corridors. It highlights the necessity for evidence-based approaches that are both nuanced and complementary with prescriptions for people-based restoration, that is socially inclusive and cognisant of historic and current community sentiment. Ambitious landscape and continental scale targets for ecological restoration have been set across the globe. However, without practical guidelines developed from restoration evaluations from the recent past to follow, future efforts are unlikely to be successful, nor -expected targets met. To that end, this book reviews and highlights a large number and variety of restoration stories from around the world. Most are presented as reader-friendly case studies, that feature innovative and systematic techniques for undertaking species-rich ecological restoration.Together they provide inspiration for current and future professionals and offer unique glimpses into state-of-the-art practice for this critically important discipline

The present book is based on the curriculum of undergraduate and postgraduate courses of universities in India and abroad. Every effort is made to present the various topics in the theory of graphs in a logical manner with adequate historical background and include suitable figures to illustrate concepts and results ideally. The formidable exercises, neither easy nor straightforward, are bold faced and highlighted. The theory portion of each chapter is studied thoroughly as it helps solve many of the problems with comparative ease. Selected material from this book is used for a semester course on graph theory, while the entire book serves for a whole session course.

Practical Pharmaceutics contains essential knowledge on the preparation, quality control, logistics, dispensing and use of medicines. It features chapters written by experienced pharmacists and scientists working in hospitals, academia and industry throughout Europe, including practical examples as well as information on current GMP and GMP-based guidelines and EU-legislation. In this second edition all chapters have been updated with numerous new as well as didactically revised illustrations and tables. A completely new chapter about therapeutic proteins and Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products was added.From prescription to production, from usage instructions to procurement and the impact of medicines on the environment, the book provides step-by-step coverage that will help a wide range of readers, students as well as professionals. It offers product knowledge for all pharmacists working directly with patients and it will enable them to make the required medicine available, to store medicines properly, to adapt medicines if necessary and to dispense medicines with the appropriate information for patients as well as caregivers about product care and how to maintain the quality of the product. The basic knowledge presented in the book will also be valuable for industrial pharmacists to remind and focus them on the application of the medicines manufactured.The basic and practical knowledge on the design, preparation and quality management of medicines can directly be applied by the pharmacists whose main duty is production in community and hospital pharmacies and in industry. Undergraduate as well as graduate pharmacy students will find knowledge presented in a coherent way and fully supported with relevant examples.Practical Pharmaceutics has become a reliable and recognised source for the acquisition of pharmaceutical-technological knowledge. The book is used in the curriculum of a number of international universities and schools of Pharmacy.

This book ¿offers step-by-step descriptions of various random systems and explores the world of computer simulations. In addition, this book offers a working introduction to those who want to learn how to create and run Monte Carlo simulations. Monte Carlo simulation has been a powerful computational tool for physics models, and when combined with the programming language Excel, this book is a valuable resource for readers who wish to acquire knowledge that can be applied to more complex systems. Visualization of the simulation results via the Visual Basic built in Microsoft EXCEL is presented as the first step towards the subject. Prior experience with the Excel add-in VBA is kept to a minimum. In addition, a chapter on quantum optimization simulation utilizing Python is added to explore the quantum computation. Readers will gain a fundamental knowledge and techniques of simulation physics, which can be extended to STEM projects and other research projects.

This book targets to earth scientists and engineers, in particular students, researchers, managers, and practitioners, who are interested in mining engineering, environmental engineering, green coal mining, sustainable water resource management, and effective measures to balance mine safety and ecological conservation.In the disciplines of mine hydrogeology and mining engineering, there have always been difficulties in the theoretical interpretation of the changes in the physical and hydraulic characteristics of water resisting strata during coal seam mining. In the past 10 years, the authors studied the relevant contents by using the methods of physical simulation, numerical simulation, field test and mining practice of similar materials, so as to understand the internal relationship between the stratigraphic sedimentary characteristics of the mining area and the occurrence mechanism of mine water disaster. On the premise of analyzing and studying the stratigraphic sedimentary environment in the mining area in detail, it is of great significance for the realization of "coal water" dual resource mining in the mining area to divide the types of roof water disaster in the mining area and study the formation mechanism of mine water disaster caused by different rock formation combinations and mining methods.

This book provides a breadth and depth of innovative and impactful research led by women investigators in the field of renewable energy. This book showcases the diversity of renewable energy solutions being deployed commercially in the United States and internationally, including new research underway. The chapters collectively cover the entire spectrum of large, utility scale to small, distributed-scale renewable energy technologies, as well as new operating practices in buildings necessary to fully capture the value of renewable energy. The chapters also discuss technical and market considerations of renewable energy resources, plus customer attitudes and acceptance. These topics touch on many of the challenges facing the world today and these solutions by women researchers are valuable for their technical excellence and their non-traditional perspective.