Books published by Springer Nature Singapore

This book includes selected peer-reviewed papers presented at the International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Health Informatics (TEHI 2021), organized by Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Kanpur, India, during 16-17 December 2021. The book is broadly divided into five sections-artificial intelligence and soft computing, healthcare informatics, Internet of things and data analytics, electronics, and communications.

This book examines the application of wood waste in various advancements in environmental fields, such as construction, renewable energy, bio-absorbent, and agricultural and wood-based material. Featuring illustrations, and tables summarizing the latest research, it gathers up-to-date information on the application of various types of wood waste which could be applied in a practical manner to materially reduce nuisance created by fallout of wood-based industries from different sources. Given its scope, the book is a valuable reference book for research students and reference resources for researchers, academics, and industrial scientists working in the field of wood waste management and their utilization.

This volume discusses dissimilar metal joining by fusion and solid-state processes. It is a complex process due to differences in chemical compositions, physical properties, mechanical properties, and thermal properties of the parent metals to be joined. The contents focus on issues related to fusion and solid-state welding of dissimilar metals. The book is based on the fundamental and experimental investigation on methodologies used to overcome issues related to dissimilar metal joining by fusion welding (GTAW and its variant), resistance spot welding and solid state joining (friction stir welding, friction stir spot welding, and diffusion bonding) largely based on research investigation conducted at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee.

This volume comprises the select proceedings of the 3rd Biennial International Conference on Future Learning Aspects of Mechanical Engineering (FLAME) 2022. It aims to provide a comprehensive and broad-spectrum picture of the state-of-the-art research and development in thermal, fluids, energy and process engineering, mechatronics, control and robotics, material science and engineering, solid mechanics and structural engineering, dynamics and control, engineering design, manufacturing and industrial engineering, automobile engineering. This volume will prove a valuable resource for researchers and professionals in mechanical engineering and allied fields.

This book comprises the proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Hydraulics, Water Resources and Coastal Engineering (HYDRO 2021) focusing on broad spectrum of emerging opportunities and challenges in the field of soft computing and geospatial techniques in water resources engineering. It covers a range of topics, including, but not limited to, satellite derived data for hydrologic applications, GIS and RS applications in water resources management, rainfall and streamflow prediction, hydro-informatics, data driven and artificial intelligent based hydrological modelling, optimization of water resources systems, etc.Presenting recent advances in the form of illustrations, tables, and text, it offers readers insights for their own research. In addition, the book addresses fundamental concepts and studies in the field of Soft Computing and Geospatial Techniques in Water Resources Engineering, making it a valuable resource for both beginners and researchers wanting tofurther their understanding of hydraulics, water resources and coastal engineering.

This book comprises the proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Hydraulics, Water Resources and Coastal Engineering (HYDRO 2021) focusing on broad spectrum of emerging opportunities and challenges in the field of flood forecasting and hydraulic structures. It covers a range of topics, including, but not limited to, early warning system, urban flood modelling and management, dam hazard classification, river training and protection works, structural and non-structural measures for flood mitigation, assessment and development of flood vulnerability, hazard and risk maps rehabilitation of old dams, streamflow turbines, canal operation and related structure, operation and management of dams including their instrumentation etc.Presenting recent advances in the form of illustrations, tables, and text, it offers readers insights for their own research. In addition, the book addresses fundamental concepts and studies in the field of flood forecasting and hydraulic structures, making it a valuable resource for both beginners and researchers wanting to further their understanding of hydraulics, water resources and coastal engineering.

This book presents select proceedings of the International Conference on Trends and Recent Advances in Civil Engineering (TRACE 2022). It focuses on the latest research developments in structural engineering, structural health monitoring, rehabilitation and retrofitting of structures, geotechnical engineering, and earthquake-resistant structures. The book also covers the latest innovations in building repair and maintenance, AI and blockchain in structural engineering, advancements in the design of earthquake-resistant structures, and sustainable materials for rehabilitation and retrofitting. The contents of this book are useful for researchers and professionals working in structural and geotechnical engineering and allied areas.

This is an authored volume of Dr. Yao's ¿big-picture¿ writings on China and the West, translated by David Ownby. Those writings are selected from his writings as a public intellectual, reflecting his thought on Chinäs path of modernization and the effort to rebuild a political philosophy based on Confucianism, his interpretation of Chinäs political system and his prescriptions to improve it. A moderate, yet influential scholar, Yao's work has had great influence on Chinese social and economic policymakers; his project of renewing China's traditional value system is an important position, as Chinese reforms begin to focus on equity and inclusion. In an engaging, at times personal, and thoughtful volume, Dr. Yao's vision of a gentler Chinese society will interest Sinologists, political scientists, and journalists.

This book offers a critical analysis on Indonesian education by drawing from various critical perspectives and theoretical frameworks to explore persistent challenges and social inequality problems in the education sector. Critical perspectives are important to reveal how education is not a neutral, mechanistic process of cultivating the knowledge and skills of future generation. Instead, it is a battleground in which competing visions, ideologies, discourses, religious values, and political interests struggle for dominance in a given society. In each of the sections, contributors draw upon specific case studies and employ critical theories to analyze power relations or to identify and destabilize underlying structures, dominant discourses, hegemonic knowledge, policies, or practices. Some authors also highlight data evidencing inequities, inequalities, or injustices in Indonesian education system. As a handbook, the emphasis on critical perspectives is useful to identify and evaluatethe ¿blind spots¿ of dominant policy discourses and their pedagogical consequences. The plurality of critical approaches also means that this book is necessarily multidisciplinary. A unique feature of this book is the fact that most authors are Indonesian academics who bring with them tacit knowledge of practices and issues. Overall, this book enriches the literature by bringing together different disciplinary perspectives such as political science, psychology, international relations, economics, and linguistics to critically examine important issues related to education in Indonesia.

The book discusses the most essential topics in understanding the development and changes of higher educational systems in Asia after the outbreak of the pandemic, and explores the transformative, international and innovative moves from an Asian perspective. The topics covered in the book are timely in that higher education in Asia was severely limited during the tumultuous time of the pandemic, including three themes- 1. How the pandemic drives system reform and quality management; 2. How can universities maintain transnational partnerships and attract global talent; 3. How would faculty members innovate teaching pedagogy and reassess student learning experiences.This timely and well-researched book provides valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities for national, regional, and international higher education created by the recent pandemic as well as technological and geopolitical changes. The lucid analysis of key issues and trends will be useful to academics, policymakers, and researchers within Asia and beyond.Professor Jane Knight, Ontario Institute for studies in Education, University of TorontoThis book sets out important thinking for the post-pandemic era in Asian higher education. Based on valuable experience across a diverse region, this book highlights the opportunity to reimagine the future trajectory for higher education. As more of the Asia-Pacific moves toward mass and even universal systems of higher education, it exerts greater influence on higher education around the world. This book offers practical analysis that is culturally grounded in the rich civilizations of Asia about ubiquitous issues in higher education, including social equity, human agency, program quality, innovative pedagogy, academic governance, private sector initiative, knowledge building, and a new form of internationalization. It offers a sensible launchpad for a policy agenda.Professor Gerard Postiglione, Emeritus Professor, The University of Hong Kong

This edited book is collection of information on molecular interventions needed for climate-resilient forage crops. The main focus is to address the gap in the advanced scientific knowledge for the forage species. Agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate, and even slight change in climatic factors such as temperature causes tremendous losses in yield potential. Forage crops are crucial in global food security and environmental sustainability and face several environmental challenges in field conditions. However, the research on forage crops is far-off compared to agricultural crops and causes a substantial gap in forage demand and productivity. Further, this gap is directly associated with animal health, reproduction, and productivity. Abiotic stresses mainly affect the plant's crucial processes, ultimately reducing the final yield. The problem of abiotic stresses is more frequent in forage crops as they are growing and cultivated in less productive soil and harsh conditions. This book discusses current aspects of crucial physiological, biochemical and molecular processes in forage crops, which are essential for forage crops improvement. The text's major focus is on the advanced technologies and approaches such as seed priming, bio-fortification, breeding, omics, transgenic and bioengineering of metabolic pathways in unique ways, which helps us develop innovative solutions for forage crops. This book covers all the crucial advance technologies, which help mitigate the abiotic stresses in forage crops. We believe that this book will initiate and introduce the readers to state-of-the-art developments and unique in this field of study. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, climate change scientists, capacity builders, and policymakers. Also, the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, forestry, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences. National and international agricultural scientists and policymakers will also find this a worthwhile read.

This book presents a study of statistical inferences based on the kernel-type estimators of distribution functions. The inferences involve matters such as quantile estimation, nonparametric tests, and mean residual life expectation, to name just some. Convergence rates for the kernel estimators of density functions are slower than ordinary parametric estimators, which have root-n consistency. If the appropriate kernel function is used, the kernel estimators of the distribution functions recover the root-n consistency, and the inferences based on kernel distribution estimators have root-n consistency. Further, the kernel-type estimator produces smooth estimation results. The estimators based on the empirical distribution function have discrete distribution, and the normal approximation cannot be improved¿that is, the validity of the Edgeworth expansion cannot be proved. If the support of the population density function is bounded, there is a boundary problem, namely the estimator does not have consistency near the boundary. The book also contains a study of the mean squared errors of the estimators and the Edgeworth expansion for quantile estimators.

This book contains detailed documentation of the CHINAGEM model - a large-scale dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of China and its applications. Specifically, this book documents the theory and database behind the CHINAGEM model. This book explores the closure development for the four simulation modes of the model including historical, decomposition, forecast and policy simulations, the detailed explanation of how to analyze simulation results, and the extensions of CHINAGEM and their applications. These extensions include several innovative modules and case studies as examples of the application of CHINAGEM. This book provides an entry point for CGE modellers to develop their analytical skills. This book can also be used as a platform for research institutes to develop CGE models suitable for their research portfolio. The module developments included in this book are designed to capture the specific features of the Chinese economy. The applications of these modules chosen in the book cover hot policy issues in China, and the simulation results have valuable policy implications. This book identifies that the CHINAGEM model itself and all the extensions can be used for analysing many new topics and policy issues such as the effects of the USA¿China trade war, the effects of Made in China 2025 Plan as well as Chinäs commitment to the carbon neutrality before 2060 and its economic implications.

This book provides a basic yet unified overview of theory and methodologies for evolutionary developmental systems. Based on the author¿s extensive research into the synergies between various approaches to artificial intelligence including evolutionary computation, artificial neural networks, and systems biology, it also examines the inherent links between biological intelligence and artificial intelligence. The book begins with an introduction to computational algorithms used to understand and simulate biological evolution and development, including evolutionary algorithms, gene regulatory network models, multi-cellular models for neural and morphological development, and computational models of neural plasticity. Chap. 2 discusses important properties of biological gene regulatory systems, including network motifs, network connectivity, robustness and evolvability. Going a step further, Chap. 3 presents methods for synthesizing regulatory motifs from scratch and creating more complex regulatory dynamics by combining basic regulatory motifs using evolutionary algorithms. Multi-cellular growth models, which can be used to simulate either neural or morphological development, are presented in Chapters 4 and 5. Chap. 6 examines the synergies and coupling between neural and morphological evolution and development. In turn, Chap. 7 provides preliminary yet promising examples of how evolutionary developmental systems can help in self-organized pattern generation, referred to as morphogenetic self-organization, highlighting the great potentials of evolutionary developmental systems. Finally, Chap. 8 rounds out the book, stressing the importance and promise of the evolutionary developmental approach to artificial intelligence.Featuring a wealth of diagrams, graphs and charts to aid in comprehension, this book offers a valuable asset for graduate students, researchers and practitioners who are interested in pursuing a different approach to artificial intelligence.

This book suggests sustainable economy from the viewpoint of tourism fostering low carbon footprint. Focussed on conserving heritage, culture and endemic biota of a crucial biodiversity hotspot of the world, the book discusses the impact of a large population, fast-paced development and excessive consumption of earth resources by tourism in a developing economy.The book (i) assesses the impact of overexploitation of earth resources on environmental components such as air, water, land and people, (ii) examines the sustainability of tourism on the physical, economic and socio-cultural environment including human lifestyles, (iii) presents the potential of tourism in promoting sustainable development, poverty alleviation and conservation of nature and (iv) formulates recommendations for tourism, fostering sustainable development in Goa, India.The book offers students, researchers, academics and professionals a comprehensive discourse integrating geological and societal perspectives on core issues. It generates critical thinking on the complex issue of sustainable tourism by providing in-depth perspective on peoples of different hues and their role in safeguarding the future of this unique region.

Over the past 40 years, diagnostic medical imaging has undergone remarkable advancements in CT, MRI, and ultrasound technology. Today, the field is experiencing a major paradigm shift, thanks to significant and rapid progress in deep learning techniques. As a result, numerous innovative AI-based programs have been developed to improve image quality and enhance clinical workflows, leading to more efficient and accurate diagnoses.AI advancements of medical imaging not only address existing unsolved problems but also present new and complex challenges. Solutions to these challenges can improve image quality and reveal new information currently obscured by noise, artifacts, or other signals. Holistic insight is the key to solving these challenges. Such insight may lead to a creative solution only when it is based on a thorough understanding of existing methods and unmet demands.This book focuses on advanced topics in medical imagingmodalities, including CT and ultrasound, with the aim of providing practical applications in the healthcare industry. It strikes a balance between mathematical theory, numerical practice, and clinical applications, offering comprehensive coverage from basic to advanced levels of mathematical theories, deep learning techniques, and algorithm implementation details. Moreover, it provides in-depth insights into the latest advancements in dental cone-beam CT, fetal ultrasound, and bioimpedance, making it an essential resource for professionals seeking to stay up-to-date with the latest developments in the field of medical imaging.

This book systematically compares the innovation and entrepreneurship education (IEE) in the United States, the United Kingdom, Finland, Germany, Croatia, Canada, South Korea, and China. The book invites the most distinguished professors of each country in this field to contribute. It provides a context analysis that can lead to greater insight into why and how IEE has become an important government agenda and an institutional priority in different country settings. Following the context, each chapter analyzes governmental policies and the guidance of entrepreneurship education in recent years. This book also analyzes the internal development and supporting system of IEE from an ecosystem perspective. Based on the comparison of case countries, the book puts forwards the common successful experience and the differentiation of IEE.

This book approaches the field of social transformation from an ecotourism perspective. It unpacks the development of thought around social innovation as well as eco-tourism. After introducing various definitions and concept of social innovation and social entrepreneurship, the book then goes on to assess the current state of the environment and tourism leading into the discussion of how ecotourism social entrepreneurship can transform the industry for the better by analyzing five ecotourism case studies from Malaysia. Going beyond ecotourism social entrepreneurship in industry-specific contexts, the book serves as invitation to more participatory debate in academia in the field of social innovation and social entrepreneurship.

This is a book about life during the HIV epidemic in Ethiopia, and seeks to understand how and why the global effort to achieve universal HIV treatment has shifted away from its initial focus on the excessive human suffering precipitated by the epidemic. When antiretroviral drugs became available in Ethiopia, they emerged as powerful agents of change: not only did they cure individuals, they also helped people overcome their fear of ¿ and break the silence around ¿ AIDS, while healing the social ruptures caused by the epidemic. Nevertheless, as this book argues, the very same agents have silently ¿reversed¿ these changes over the course of the past decade. These reversals have dissolved connections, re-incurred invisible social fissures, and allowed a large majority of people to stay indifferent to the suffering of individuals whose lives remain vulnerable under the current treatment regime. This whole process is a product of neoliberal global health interventions that determine whichlives are worthy or unworthy of investment. This book will interest scholars of biopolitics and public health, those who study the developing world, and those interested in how pandemic interventions alter the lives of many.

This book introduces readers to the principles and practical applications of intelligent robot system with robot operating system (ROS), pursuing a task-oriented and hands-on approach. Taking the conception, design, implementation, and operation of robot application systems as a typical project, and through ¿learning-by-doing, practicing-while-learning¿ approach, it familiarizes readers with ROS-based intelligent robot system design and development step by step.The topics covered include ROS principles, mobile robot control, Lidar, simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), navigation, manipulator control, image recognition, vision calibration, object grasping, vision SALM, etc., with typical practical application tasks throughout the book, which are essential to mastering development methods for intelligent robot system.Easy to follow and rich in content, the book can be used at colleges and universities as learning material and a teaching reference book for ¿intelligent robot,¿ ¿autonomous intelligent system,¿ ¿robotics principles,¿ and ¿robot system application development with ROS¿ in connection with automation, robotics engineering, artificial intelligence (AI), mechatronics, and other related majors. The book can assist in mastering the development and design of robot systems and provide the necessary theoretical and practical references to cultivate robot system development capabilities and can be used as teaching material for engineering training and competitions, or for reference, self-study, and training by engineering and technical personnel, teachers, and anyone who wants to engage in intelligent robot system development and design.

This book examines the new developments in health 4.0 and the medical supply chain. Although supply chain applications in health systems are similar to other sectors, the most critical difference is that any disruption affects public health. There have been changes due to COVID-19 that caused significant disruptions in the supply chain of almost all sectors. The health sector is one of the most important sectors affected by all these extraordinary conditions. Supply chain management is even more critical because the health sector directly impacts the sustainability of human life and the provision of better living conditions. In this book, the use of artificial intelligence in the health and medical supply chain is discussed, taking into account the conditions of the post-pandemic period.

This book studies Chinäs urbanization with the theory of production of space. The authors redefine the production of space and build a new theoretical framework for understanding the evolving relations between urbanization and spatial production. Since the reform and opening-up, especially in the last twenty years, the logic of spatial production has dominated Chinäs urbanization. The authors choose the most representative cases, such as the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, Jiangsu Province, National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, New Urban District, State-Level New Area, University Town, and some villages, to conduct a series of empirical studies on production of space at the macro-, meso-, and micro-scales. Through an in-depth analysis of the interaction between social spaces and urbanization influenced by power, capital, and class, the book reveals that the essence of Chinäs urbanization is dominated by the logic of spatial production. The authors finally proposethat an important shift toward humanism should be made in the future development of Chinäs new-type urbanization, emphasizing more even and adequate development between different regions and between urban and rural areas, which also provides new ideas for the theory and practice of urbanization worldwide.This book can be read and referenced by researchers in the fields of urban and regional studies, geography, sociology, urban and rural planning, management, etc. It can also be used as a teaching reference book for teachers, researchers, and students of scientific research institutions in related fields.

This book focuses on optical vortices, including beams carrying orbital angular momentum and vector beams. It presents an overview of, and the latest research on this novel type of optical beam, which is a hot topic in the domain of modern optics, especially in optical communication and beam manipulation.Summarizing the fundamentals of optical vortices, it discusses their characterization and propagation, and focuses on the generation of vortices such as vortex-arrays, and the detection of vortices and their orbital angular momentum state. It also comprehensively examines the adaptive compensation systems, as well as vector beams and polarization vortices with anisotropic polarization distributions. Further it provides a detailed description of perfect vortices with beam diameters independent of the angular momentum. This book is intended for researchers, engineers and graduate students working in the field of optics and laser beam applications.

The pandemic of COVID-19 has caused public health-related, and economic consequences regarding lifestyles. Due to social distancing strategies, physical inactivity has increased in various societies, which might lead to an increase in the burden of non-communicable diseases in long term. The health benefits of physical activity consist of a wide range, including physical, mental, and social dimensions. Therefore, this book discusses whether engaging in regular physical activity is effective in preventing COVID-19 infection, reducing the severity of symptoms, reducing mortality, or eliminating COVID-19 complications.The book will serve as a practical guideline for public health experts and physicians. It covers COVID-19 and physical inactivity prevalence in different regions, physical activity and risk of COVID-19 infection, physical activity and course of COVID-19 infection including disease severity, hospitalization rate, ICU admission, and mortality, physical activity as a vaccine booster in different populations, post- COVID-19 physical rehabilitation, and strategies for enhancing physical activity in the COVID-19 pandemic.

This book introduces readers to the minimum description length (MDL) principle and its applications in learning. The MDL is a fundamental principle for inductive inference, which is used in many applications including statistical modeling, pattern recognition and machine learning. At its core, the MDL is based on the premise that ¿the shortest code length leads to the best strategy for learning anything from data.¿ The MDL provides a broad and unifying view of statistical inferences such as estimation, prediction and testing and, of course, machine learning.The content covers the theoretical foundations of the MDL and broad practical areas such as detecting changes and anomalies, problems involving latent variable models, and high dimensional statistical inference, among others. The book offers an easy-to-follow guide to the MDL principle, together with other information criteria, explaining the differences between their standpoints. Written in a systematic, concise and comprehensive style, this book is suitable for researchers and graduate students of machine learning, statistics, information theory and computer science.

The book covers all uncommon ulcers of the extremities which remain a difficult diagnosis for clinicians most of the times. A variety of causes like metabolic, infective, rheumatoid, drug induced or inflammation may lead to ulcerations. Diagnosis of these ulceration is difficult as these diseases are systemic, and treatment is carried out by physicians but ulcers are managed by the surgeons. Any lacunae or gap in assessment or work-up may lead to failure in diagnosis and increased morbidity. This book provides a systematic and step wise approach to the differential diagnosis of every possible uncommon ulcers in the extremities with detailed work-up, flow chart and summary. The book is systematically designed to serve the purpose of covering every possible uncommon ulcer with elaborate clinical presentationin the background of etiology and pathogenesis with risk factors included investigations and treatment with medical, surgical options well discussed as per the requirement. The book includes illustrations, flow diagrams, images, charts and tables. The book provides every information clinically relevant and useful about the uncommon ulcers and serves as a complete resource for general surgeons, vascular surgeons, plastic surgeons, orthopedic surgeons, surgical trainees, family physicians. It may also be useful for podiatrists, phlebologists, radiologists, cardiologists, nephrologists, neurologists, wound care nurses, physicians and primary care workers.

Viscoelasticity is a complicated theorem that is generally used in several aspects of material characterization and modeling of polymers, resins, fiber-reinforced composites, bituminous composites, etc. On the other hand, the heterogeneous nature of composites like asphalt concrete and fiber-reinforced polymers has motivated lots of researchers to investigate the mechanical and rheological properties of these materials. This book mainly consists of the theory and application of viscoelastic materials used for construction. It starts with a comprehensible presentation of the theory of linear and nonlinear viscoelasticity. Wherein, the application of viscoelastic equations and principles on constructional viscoelastic composite materials considering time, temperature, loading rate dependency, and heterogeneity of composite substances is highlighted. The principles and equations of the viscoelasticity theorem are presented in several books, but here it is tried to present them more understandable and straightforwardly. This helps in solving real problems of heterogeneous composite materials, especially those which are used in construction. Moreover, the fundamental experiments for characterizing the elastic and viscoelastic properties of fibrous and bituminous composites are introduced and summarized. Then after, some analytical and empirical formulations for deriving the material properties of composites from the properties of the basic constituents are presented. These are followed by numerical simulation techniques using the finite element method to simulate composite materials.

This book focuses on the mathematical and physical foundations of remote sensing digital image processing and introduces key algorithms utilized in this area. The book fully introduces the basic mathematical and physical process of digital imaging, the basic theory and algorithm of pixel image processing, and the higher-order image processing algorithm and its application. This book skillfully and closely integrates theory, algorithms, and applications, making it simple for readers to understand and use. Researchers and students working in the fields of remote sensing, computer vision, geographic information science, electronic information, etc., can profit from this book. For their work and research in digital image processing, they can master the fundamentals of imaging and image processing techniques.

This book describes the development of human rights in the People's Republic of China since 1949. In particular, since the reform and opening-up, China has deepened its understanding of the rule of law and human rights, and realized the incorporation of human rights into the Constitution. The cause of human rights in China has entered a period of rapid development in a planned and step-by-step manner, and a path of human rights development suited to China's national conditions has been set out. China's international exchanges and cooperation in the field of human rights have gradually deepened and strengthened, and China has made unique contributions, becoming a participant, builder and contributor to international human rights governance.

The book is a collection of high-quality research papers presented at Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks (ICICV), held at Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India, during February 10-11, 2022. The book shares knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of communication technology and mobile networks. The book covers innovative and cutting-edge work of researchers, developers and practitioners from academia and industry working in the area of computer networks, network protocols and wireless networks, data communication technologies and network security.