Books published by Springer Nature Singapore

1. Introduction to Bayesian Methods in Reliability.- 1. Why Bayesian Methods?.- 1.1 Sparse data.- 1.2 Decision problems.- 2. Bayes' Theorem.- 3. Examples from a Safety Study on Gas transmission Pipelines.- 3.1 Estimating the probability of the development of a big hole.- 3.2 Estimating the leak rate of a gas transmission pipeline.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- 2. An Overview of the Bayesian Approach.- 1. Background.- 2. Probability Concepts.- 3. Notation.- 4. Reliability Concepts and Models.- 5. Forms of Data.- 6. Statistical Problems.- 7. Review of Non-Bayesian Statistical Methods.- 8. Desiderata for Decision-Oriented Statistical Methodology.- 9. Decision-Making.- 10. Degrees of Belief as Probabilities.- 11. Bayesian Statistical Philosophy.- 12. A Simple Illustration of Bayesian Learning.- 13. Bayesian Approaches to Typical Statistical Questions.- 14. Assessment of Prior Densities.- 15. Bayesian Inference for some Univariate Probability Models.- 16. Approximate Analysis under Great Prior Uncertainty.- 17. Problems Involving many Parameters: Empirical Bayes.- 18. Numerical Methods for Practical Bayesian Statistics.- References.- 3. Reliability Modelling and Estimation.- 1. Non-Repairable Systems.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Describing reliability.- 1.3 Failure time distributions.- 2. Estimation.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Classical methods.- 2.3 Bayesian methods.- 3. Reliability estimation.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Binomial sampling.- 3.3 Pascal sampling.- 3.4 Poisson sampling.- 3.5 Hazard rate estimation.- References.- 4. Repairable Systems and Growth Models.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Good as New: the Renewal Process.- 3. Estimation.- 4. The Poisson Process.- 5. Bad as old: the Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process.- 6. Classical Estimation.- 7. Exploratory Analysis.- 8. The Duane Model.- 9. Bayesian Analysis.- References.- 5. The Use of Expert Judgement in Risk Assessment.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Independence Preservation.- 3. The Quality of Experts' Judgement.- 4. Calibration Sets and Seed Variables.- 5. A Classical Model.- 6. Bayesian Models.- 7. Some Experimental Results.- References.- 6. Forecasting Software Reliability.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Software Reliability Growth Problem.- 3. Some Software Reliability Growth Models.- 3.1 Jelinski and Moranda (JM).- 3.2 Bayesian Jelinski-Moranda (BJM).- 3.3 Littlewood (L).- 3.4 Littlewood and Verrall (LV).- 3.5 Keiller and Littlewood (KL).- 3.6 Weibull order statistics (W).- 3.7 Duane (D).- 3.8 Goel-Okumoto (GO).- 3.9 Littlewood NHPP (LNHPP).- 4. Examples of Use.- 5. Analysis of Predictive Quality.- 5.1 The u-plot.- 5.2 The y-plot, and scatter plot of u's.- 5.3 Measures of 'noise'.- 5.3.1 Braun statistic.- 5.3.2 Median variability.- 5.3.3 Rate variability.- 5.4 Prequential likelihood.- 6. Examples of Predictive Analysis.- 7. Adapting and Combining Predictions; Future Directions.- 8 Summary and Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- References.- Author index.

A critical evaluation of the prospects for nitrogen fixation with non-legumes.- Regulation of expression of genes for three nitrogenases in Azotobacter vinelandii.- Genetic characterization of nitrogen fixation in Enterobacter strains from the rhizosphere of cereals.- Analysis of nitrogenase reaction using monoclonal antibodies against -subunit of component I of A. vinelandii.- Involvement of GroEL in Klebsiella pneumoniae nif gene expression and nitrogenase assembly.- The effect of some terrestrial oligochaeta on nitrogenase activity in the soil.- Cassette mutagenesis of a proposed DNA-binding motif in klebsiella pneumoniae rpon (sigma 54).- Characterization of a mutant of Azotobacter chroococcum resistant to some fungicides.- A chromosomal linkage map of Azotobacter vinelandii.- Energy coupling and electron transfer in nitrogenase.- Fluctuation of the ara under elaeagnus angustifolia canopy.- The influence of root exudates on dinitrogen fixation of chosen free-living bacteria.- Soil redox potential in presence of azospirillum.- Biofertilization of maize with free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria: results of field trials on grain production.- Kinetics of kelthane uptake and distribution in azospirillum lipoferum.- Bioaccumulation of the acaricide kelthane (dicofol) by azospirillum lipoferum.- Effect of biofertilizers on controlling fusarium solani f. Sp. phaseoli.- Phyllospheric nitrogen fixing bacteria in tillandsia leaves.- Nif and nod genes in Azospirillum.- Control of nitrogenase in Azospirillum sp..- Biology of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.- Biological nitrogen fixation associated with sugar cane.- Physiological properties of Azospirillum brasilense involved in root growth promotion.- Regulation of the nifHDK genes transcription in Azospirillum brasilense.- Cloning of the nifA and nifB genes of Azospirillum brasilense strain FP2.- Regulation of nitrogen fixation genes in Azospirillum: characterization of A nif regulatory region.- Azospirillum-plant interaction: a biochemical approach.- Osmotollerance of diazotrophic rhizosphere bacteria.- Azospirillum-gramineae interaction: effect of indole-3-acetic acid.- DNA restriction fingerprint for the identification of Azospirilla.- Alteration in membrane potential and in proton efflux in plant roots induced by Azospirillum brasilense.- Effect of soil organic matter on chickpea inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. ciceri.- Active attachment of Azospirillum brasilense to root surface of non-cereal plants and to sand particles.- Association of Alcaligenes faecalis with wetland rice.- Sunflower inoculation with Azospirillum and other P.G.P.R..- Characterization of a pectinolytic activity in Azospirillum irakense.- Associative N2-fixation in plants growing in saline sodic soils and its relative quantification based on 15N natural abundance.- Genetic analysis of the Azospirillum plant-root interaction.- Dinitrogen fixation and infection of grass leaves by Pseudomonas rubrisubal-bicans and Herbaspirillum seropedicae.- Growth parameters of microaerobic diazotrophic rhizobacteria determined in continuous culture.- Infection of intact roots of kallar grass and rice seedlings by Azoarcus.- Strain-specific salt tolerance and chemotaxis of Azospirillum brasilense and their associative N-fixation with finger millet in saline calcareous soil.- Nitrate reductase activity of Azospirillum brasilense sp7 and sp245 V - and C -forms in continuous culture.- Microcalorimetric study of the growth of Azospirillum brasilense: relation between heat production and other growth parameters.- Nitrogen fixation in P- nodules of wheat roots by introduced free-living diazotrophs.- Firefly luciferase expression on nitrogen fixation with non-legumes.- Nucleotide sequence of regulatory regions of Azospirillum brasilense.- Nucleotide sequence and expression of an Azospirillum nod homologous region.- Isolation and characterization of TN5 induced Azospirillum brasilense mutants alterate...

1. Platelet activation and aggregation: rationale for combining antithrombotic drugs.- 2. Role of nitric oxide in endothelial cell - platelet interactions.- 3. Platelets and megakaryocytes in vascular disease.- 4. Thrombosis in relation to atherosclerosis.- 5. Pharmacological inhibition of the ADP-GP IIb/IIIa-fibrinogen pathway of platelet aggregation.- 6. Calcium fluxes in platelets and endothelial cells, mechanisms and functional significance.- 7. Inhibition of platelet function by cyclic nucleotides and cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases.- 8. Pharmacological modification of platelet-derived cyclooxygenase product formation and its consequences for platelet-vessel wall interactions.- 9. Antithrombotics and the lipoxygenase pathway.- 10. Pathological expressions of platelet-vessel wall interactions: implications of serotonin.- 11. The involvement of PAF in thrombotic events.- 12. Prostaglandins and -analogs in the treatment of platelet-vessel wall interaction.- 13. Adjuvant agents to enhance and sustain reperfusion with t-PA: studies in experimental dog models.- 14. Effect of dietary marine lipids on (anti-)thrombotic mechanisms.

1. Preface and Course Introduction.- 2. Emission Sources and Quantities.- 3. Atmospheric Chemistry of Sulphur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides.- 4. Dispersion and Transport of Atmospheric Pollutants.- 5. Control of Air Pollution - The European Community Approach.- 6. Desulphurization of Flue Gases on the Basis of Lime or Limestone Scrubbing.- 7. The Wellman Lord Process.- 8. ISPRA MARK 13A Desulphurization Process.- 9. BF / UHDE / MITSUI-Active Coke Process for Simultaneous SO2- and NOx-Removal.- 10. Walther Process.- 11. EBDS-Process.- 12. Primary Measures for NOx Reduction.- 13. High and Low Dust SCR Processes.- 14. Costs of Desulphurization and Denoxing.- 15. Situation in the United States and Japan.

Reinforced Concrete Structures.- Restrained Imposed Deformations versus Loads.- Reinforced Concrete Building Design - The State of the Current Limits.- Review of Coarse Softening Analysis of Framed Concrete Structures.- Moment Redistribution in Reinforced Concrete Structures.- Elastic Rational Analysis and Tests of Unbraced Concrete Frames.- On Shear Failure of R/C Thin-Webbed Beams Limit and Evolutive Analyses: A Close Contest.- Loading on Concrete Structures During Construction.- Comparison of Fixed and Rotating Crack Models in Shear Design of Slender Concrete Beams.- 'Clean' Physical Model of Cracked Reinforced Concrete Plane Element.- Abstract from the Supporting Document of Eurocode 2 on Non Linear Analysis.- Experimental Research of Reinforced Concrete Columns Behaviour under the long-term Eccentric Normal Force.- Modelling Impact Loading of Reinforced Concrete Structures.- Prestressed Concrete Structures.- Tendon Stress in Unbonded Partially Prestressed Concrete Beams.- On the Choice of Prestressing Percentage in PPC Elements.- Stress at Ultimate in Unbonded Prestressing Tendons by Strain Compatibility.- Stresses and End Cracks in Anchorage Zones of Post-Tensioned Prestressed Concrete Beams.- Fatigue Resistance of Post-Tensioned Cables in Partial Prestressing.- Aseismic Prestressed Concrete Structures with Confined Concrete.- Structural Optimization.- Procedural and Declarative Aspects of Optimum Structural Design.- Two Notes on Structural Optimization.- Reliability-Based Structural Optimization Research at the University of Colorado: A Brief Retrospective 1983-1991.- Design Optimization of Civil Engineering Structures: A Retrospective.- Approximations for Structural Optimization.- Optimal Plastic Design of Imperfect Frame Structures.- Nonlinear Material Behaviour.- Consistent Finite Element Models for Elastic Plastic Kirchhoff Plates.- Variational Formulations of the Linear Viscoelastic Problem with General Viscous Kernels.- Application of Strain Energy in the Characterization of Non-Linear Polymeric Materials.- Incremental Elastic-Ziegler Kinematic Hardening Plasticity Formulations and an Algorithm for the Numerical Integration with an 'A Priori' Error Control.- Large Plastic Deformation of Short Tubes and Rings.- Mathematical Expressions of Non-Linear Behaviors in Structural Mechanics.- Structural Engineering.- The Degree of Restraint - A Useful Concept for Practical Stability Analysis (columns, frames, bars on elastic foundations, shells).- Expert Systems in Design of Structures: An Application to Bridges.- Reliability of Flexibly-Connected Steel Frames in Sway.- Safety Level Selection using Social Indicators.- Static Behavior of a Bearing Brick Wall Leaning on Localized Supports: A Case Study Concerning the Consolidation Project of the S. Faustino Convent in Brescia.- The Mesh Description for Structural Analysis by Mathematical Programming.- Partial Reliability Factors for Material Properties.- The Influence of the Basic Parameters on the Load Bearing Behaviour of Cable Stayed Bridges.

1. Backdrop to the payments constraint.- 2. Consensual transition policies.- 3. Regional cooperation and economic reform.- 4. Backdrop to the proposal to create a payments union.- 5. Toward convertibility through a payments union.- 6. Organization.- 1. The prevailing socioeconomic situation.- 1. Problems of changing Eastern European societies.- 2. The current socioeconomic situation in Eastern Europe.- 3. The drift of the reform debate.- 4. The nature of the payments problem.- 5. Shocks of mutating trade and payment regimes.- 6. Western assistance to combat liquidity shortage.- 2. The collapse and dissolution of the CMEA.- 1. The CMEA's demise.- 2. CMEA reform discussions.- 3. Salient obstacles to buoyant intragroup interactions.- 4. Reforming the trade and payment regimes.- 5. Balance-of-payments constraints and a payments union.- 3. Economic union in Eastern Europe.- 1. The outlook for economic union at this juncture.- 2. The desirability of economic union.- 3. Theoretical merits of a customs union.- 4. Practical problems and economic union.- 5. Linking a payments facility with an economic union.- 6. Key features of a payments union.- 4. Paths to convertibility.- 1. The global economy at Bretton Woods.- 2. On currency convertibility.- 3. Possible roads to convertibility.- 4. Western Europe's return to convertibility.- 5. Marketization, transition, and convertibility.- 1. The national trade and payment regimes.- 2. The CMEA trade and payment regimes.- 3. Marketization and convertibility.- 4. Exchange rates.- 6. Toward a payments union for Eastern Europe?.- 5. Technical aspects of a payments union.- 1. Overall conceptualization of the CEPU.- 2. Payments problems and a regional payments unions.- 3. Technical issues of a payments union.- 1. The clearing agent.- 2. Techniques of accounting.- 3. Prior imbalances and loans.- 4. Publicity.- 5. The question of asymmetry.- 6. Quotas and access to credits.- 7. Adjustment rules.- 8. Macroeconomic surveillance.- 9. Interest-rate policies.- 10. Capital cost.- 11. Duration.- 4. A hypothetical capital fund.- 5. A payments union with the Soviet Union?.- 6. Macroeconomic surveillance and the transition.- 1. Macroeconomic responses in a payments union.- 2. Adjustment under traditional and modified planning.- 1. Adjustment in the traditional CPE.- 2. Adjustment in an MPE.- 3. Standard adjustment policies and the PETs.- 4. Fund-type adjustment programs and the PETs.- 5. CEPU adjustment, commercial policy, and diplomacy.- 6. Other issues of managing a payments union.- 7. Downside risks of a CEPU.- 1. Backdrop to the debate.- 2. The rump order of priority.- 3. General arguments against payments unions.- 1. Key aspects of a payments union.- 2. The starting conditions of potential participants.- 3. Directions of desirable progress.- 4. Comments on the CEPU and their merits.- 5. An evalution of the criticisms.- 1. Emotional and political objections.- 2. Immediate full convertibility and global integration.- 3. A CEPU is too small and a CEEU wrong.- 4. Inappropriateness of present trade patterns.- 5. Too expensive, undesired, and too slow.- 8. Enlarging the European economic space.- 1. The basic preoccupations of European integration.- 2. What needs to be bridged?.- 3. On the transition to ME status.- 1. Creating markets with genuine prices.- 2. Fostering competition.- 3. Privatization and capital markets.- 4. Trade and foreign-exchange reforms.- 5. Banking infrastructure and capital markets.- 6. Macroeconomic policy.- 7. Labor market.- 8. The social safety net.- 9. Institutions of the market.- 4. On the sequencing of reforms.- 5. Economic transition and east-west assistance.- Conclusions.

I. Control of Animal Cell Growth.- Novel Specific Inhibitors for Analysis of Eukaryotic Cell Cycle Control.- II. New Cell Lines.- Transgenic Animals as a Source of Genetically-Engineered Trans-Immortalised Cell Lines.- CD8+ Suppressor T Cell Clone 13G2 Secretes a Suppressive Lymphokine, Immune Suppressive Factor-T (ISF-T).- Development, Availability and Characterization of ATCC Human and Animal Cell Lines.- III. Cell Culture System Including Serum-Free Culture.- Recent Advances in Animal Cell Biotechnology.- Critical Analysis of Process Development on in-Vitro Growth of Chick-Embryo.- Improved Method for Inoculation of a Cell Suspension into a Hollow Fiber Bioreactor.- Strategies to Increase the Efficiency of Membrane Aerated and Perfused Animal Cell Bioreactors by an Improved Medium Perfusion.- Cultivation of Hepatocytes in a New Entrapment Reactor: A Potential Bioartificial Liver.- Continuous Culture with Cell Precipitation for Recombinant Protein Production.- Elimination of Microorganisms from Cell Culture Medium Using Regenerated Cellulose Hollow Fiber (BMM).- Effects of Shear Stress on the Growth of Hybridoma Cells Cultivated in Serum-Free Medium Coupled with Ammonia Removing System.- GMP Production of Biopharmaceuticals Using High Density, Fluidized-Bed Cell Culture Technology.- Anchorage-Dependent Animal Cell Growth in Porous Microcarrier Culture.- Formation of Multicellular Aggregates of Adult Rat Hepatocytes.- Operation of an Air Lift Reactor for Production of Immunochemicals by Immobilized Hybridoma Cells.- Simulation of Growth of Hybridoma Cells Immobilized in Alginate Gel Beads Based on an Oxygen Limited Model.- High Density Suspension Culture of Insect Cells in a Stirred Bioreactor.- Media for Cultivation of Animal Cells: an Overview.- Characterization of a Human Derived Macrophage-Like Cell Line, U-M.- Mitogenic Activity from Fish Embryos and the Growth of Fish Blastocyst Cells in Culture.- Protein Factor Obtained from Rat Adipose Tissue Specifically Permits the Proliferation of 3T3-L1 and OB1771 Preadipocyte Cell Lines in a Completely Defined Serum-Free Medium.- Nutrient Optimization for the Production of Biologicals from Animal Cells Cultured at High Density.- Growth and Function of Bovine Granulosa Cells Cultured in a Serum-Free Medium.- IV. Physicochemical and Biochemical Factors for Cell Growth and Production of Biologicals.- Electrically Controlled Culture of MKN45 Cells in Serum-Free Medium.- Hybridoma Culture in the Hollow-Fiber System - the Effects of Growth Factors.- Effects of Growth Factors on Hybridoma Culture in the Perfusion System.- Studies on Physiological Aspect of In-Vitro Development of Chick-Embryo.- Pilot Scale Protein Production Using Inducible Gene Amplification.- Genetic Enhancement of Protein Productivity of Animal Cells by Oncogenes.- Immunoglobulin Production Stimulation by Various Types of Caseins.- Effect of Dilution Rate on the Metabolism and Product Formation of a Recombinant Mammalian Cell Line Growing in a Chemostat with Internal Recycle of Cells.- Immunoglobulin Production Stimulating Factors in Polysaccharides.- Production of Recombinant Protein C in a Perfusion Culture.- Optimization of Cell Culture Conditions for G-CSF (Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor) Production by Genetically Engineered Namalwa KJM-1 Cells.- Variation in the Ratios and Concentrations of Nucleotide Triphosphates and UDP-Sugars during a Perfused Batch Cultivation of Hybridoma Cells.- Proteolytic Activities in Serum-Free Supernatants of Mammalian Cell Lines.- Continuous Production of Erythropoietin Using a Radial Flow Bioreactor.- V. Specific Products and Their Characterization.- Effects of Autocrine Components on Growth Inhibition of NH4+ and on Growth Kinetics of Hybridoma Cells.- Glycosylation of Erythropoietin Receptor.- Effective Purification of Monoclonal Antibodies by Fast Flow Affinity Chromatography.- VI. In Vitro Assays for Toxic, Carcinogenic, and Pharmacological Effects.- Detection of Bovi...

The Universe as a Scientific and Philosophical Problem.- The Geometric Structure of the Universe.- Superstring Unification and the Existence of Gravity.- The Universe of Modern Science and its Philosophical Exploration.- From Molecules to Life.- Meta-Neuroanatomy: The Myth of the Unbounded Main/Brain.- Emergence and Reduction in Morphogenetic Theories.- What can we know about the Universe?.- The Universe as a Scientific Object.- General Laws of Nature and The Uniqueness of the Universe.- The Anthropic Principle and its Epistemological Status in Modern Physical Cosmology.- Evolutionary Ideas and Contemporary Naturalism.- Origin and Evolution of the Universe and Mankind.- Index of Names.

I. Initial Angular Momentum Distribution.- Angular Momentum Effects in Star Formation.- Evolutionary Properties of Intermediate-Mass Protostar.- Small-Scale Structure and Angular Momentum Transfer in Protostellar Environments.- Ekman Pumping in a Rotating Protostar.- Rotation in Pre-Main Sequence Stars; Properties and Evolution.- Disks Associated with Intermediate Mass Stars.- Differential Rotation of Fully Convective Pre-Main Sequence Stars.- The X-ray Emission from PMS Stars in Taurus-Auriga, and the Relationship with Other Diagnostics of Activity.- Multifrequency Monitoring of RU Lupi; Observational Results and a Model.- Polarimetry and CCD Imaging of Herbig Ae/Be Stars and Star Forming Regions.- II: Angular Momentum Evolution.- Rotational Velocities of Low Mass Stars in Young Clusters.- Rotation of Young Stars in the Orion Nebula Region.- Rotational Velocities of Stars in Open Clusters; the Time-Dependence Revisited.- Main Sequence Angular Momentum Loss in Low-Mass Stars.- The Angular Momentum Evolution of Young and Old Binary Components.- Ages of Spotted Late-Type Stars.- Rotation of Evolved Stars.- Rotational Discontinuity of Evolved Stars; What Interpretation?.- III: Consequence of Rotation.- Magnetic Activity and Rotation.- Lithium, Rotation and Age.- Rotation, Chromospheric Activity, and Lithium Abundances in G and K Dwarfs of the Pleiades.- Lithium Abundance and Rotation in Southern Chromospherically Active Stars.- Lithium Depletion Induced by Rotation in Young Stars.- Rotational Mixing and Lithium in Young Stars.- IV: Internal Rotation and Models.- Internal Solar Rotation.- Stellar Activity Belts as Potential Indicators of Internal Rotation and Angular Momentum Distribution.- Dynamics of Spot Groups and Rotation of the External Convective Layers in the Sun and Magnetically Active Stars.- Theory of Magnetic Braking of Late-Type Stars.- Pre-Main Sequence and Main Sequence Rotational Evolution; Constraints on Models Derived from Observations.- Evolutionary Models of Rotating Stars.- The Internal Rotation of the Sun; Implications on the History of its Angular Momentum.- Angular Momentum Transport, Rotational Instabilities, Magnetic Fields and Mixing.- The Spin-Down of Main Sequence Stars Based on Observed Magnetic Field Strength.- Session V: Observational Perspectives.- Observational Perspectives.- PRISMA: a Space Facility for Studying Rotation and Activity.- The Spectrum-UV Project.- Summary of the Workshop.- Panel Discussion: Initial Angular Momentum.- Panel Discussion: Dynamos and Internal Rotation.- Author Index.- Object Index.

Obituary: Edward Smith Deevey (1914-1988).- Palaeolimnology in the English Lakes - some questions and answers over fifty years.- Accuracy and precision in sediment chronology.- 241Am dating of lake sediments.- Accuracies in Po-210 determination for lead-210 dating.- How long was the Younger Dryas? Preliminary evidence from annually laminated sediments of Soppensee (Switzerland).- Absolute dating of late Quaternary Lacustrine sediments by high resolution varve chronology.- The record of deposition of radionuclides in the sediments of Ponsonby Tarn, Cumbria.- Deposition and transport of radionuclides within an upland drainage basin in mid-Wales.- Progress in understanding the chemical stratigraphy of metals in lake sediments in relation to acidic precipitation.- Spheroidal carbonaceous particles as a marker for recent sediment distribution.- Magnetic spherules in recent lake sediments.- Lake sediment records of erosional processes.- A multidisciplinary study of the lake Bjäresjösjön (S Sweden): land-use history, soil erosion, lake trophy and lake-level fluctuations during the last 3000 years.- Paleolimnology of Slapton Ley, Devon, UK.- Sequential inorganic chemical analysis of a core from Slapton Ley, Devon, UK.- Sediment characteristics in relation to cultivation history in two varved lake sediments from East Finland.- The influence of land use on the sedimentation of the river delta in the Kyrönjoki drainage basin.- Heavy metals (Cu and Zn) in recent sediments of Llangorse Lake, Wales: non-ferrous smelting, Napoleon and the price of wheat - a palaeoecological study.- A comparative study of heavy metal contamination and pollution in four Reservoirs in the English Midlands, UK.- Sedimentary diatom concentrations and accumulation rates as predictors of lake trophic state.- The sediment column as a record of trophic status: examples from Bosherston Lakes, SW Wales.- Recent changes to upland tarns in the English Lake District.- Palaeolimnological study of an environmental monitoring area, or, Are there pristine lakes in Finland?.- The eutrophication history of Lake Särkinen, Finland and the effects of lake aeration.- Are we building enough bridges between paleolimnology and aquatic ecology?.- Weichselian chironomid and cladoceran assemblages from maar lakes.- Stratigraphy of the fossil Chironomidae (Diptera) from Lake Grasmere, South Island, New Zealand, during the last 6000 years.- Modern assemblages of arctic and alpine Chironomidae as analogues for late-glacial communities.- Paleolimnology of Neusiedlersee, Austria: the succession of ostracods.- Palaeolimnology of Neusiedlersee - II: the distribution of nutrients and trace metals.- Paleolimnological investigation of three manipulated lakes from Sudbury, Canada.- Dominant diatoms in the interglacial lake sediments of the Middle Pleistocene in Central and Eastern Poland.- Fossil diatom inferred reconstruction of the pH history of two acidic, clear water lakes from insular Newfoundland, Canada.- Taphonomy and diagenesis in diatom assemblages; a Late Pleistocene palaeoecological study from Lake Magadi, Kenya.- Palaeolimnological aspects of a Late-Glacial shallow lake in Sandy Flanders, Belgium.- Palaeolimnological studies of laminated sediments from the Shropshire-Cheshire meres.- Paleolimnological studies using sequential lipid extraction from recent lacustrine sediment: recognition of source organisms from biomarkers.- Vegetation change and pollen recruitment in a lowland lake catchment: Groby Pool, Leics (England).- Seasonal changes in sedimenting material collected by high aspect ratio sediment traps operated in a holomictic eutrophic lake.- Paleolimnology of a Polar Oasis, Truelove Lowland, Devon Island, N.W.T., Canada.- An environmental history of two freshwater lakes in the Larsemann Hills, Antarctica.- Paleolimnology of Qilu Hu, Yunnan Province, China.- Sedimentary features and the evolution of lake Honghu, central China.- Palaeolakes of the south central Sahara - probl

I: A Unified Utilitarian Theory.- 1 Introduction.- 1.1 Utilitarian Theories.- 1.2 A New Scientific Approach to Utilitarianism.- 1.3 Difficulties with Utilitarianism.- 1.4 Deduction and Statistics.- 1.5 The Importance of Normative Ethics.- 1.6 Moral Philosophy and Social Philosophy.- 1.7 The Scope of This Book.- 2 A Particular Interpretation of Utilitarianism.- 2.1 The Problem of Interpretation.- 2.2 Good and Right - Positive and Negative Duties.- 2.3 The Flexible Nature of Morality and a Classification of Situations of Action.- 2.4 Schism of Utilitarianism and Interpretation of the Ultimate Criterion.- 2.5 Implications of Flexibility and Reformulation of Utilitarianism.- 2.6 The Importance of Virtues.- 3 Basic Principles.- 3.1 Basic Principles.- 3.2 Prima Facie Nature.- 3.3 Strictness of Rules in Ethical Theories.- 3.4 The Principle of Utility.- 3.5 The Principle of Nature.- 3.6 Principle of Coexistence.- 4 A Theory of Value.- 4.1 Establishing a Theory of Value.- 4.2 The Problem of Determination of Utility and Value.- 4.3 Classification of Values.- 4.4 Clarification of Some Concepts Related to Utility.- 4.5 Definition of Utility.- 4.6 General Properties of Value.- 4.7 Comparison with Existing Theories of Value.- 4.8 On Right, Obligatory and Ought.- 5 Decision-Making and Moral Action.- 5.1 The Nature of Decision-Making.- 5.2 Applications of Decision-Making.- 5.3 Additive and Multiplicative Weights.- 5.4 Feeling of Moral Satisfaction as a Decisive Factor in Moral Decision-Making.- 5.5 Decision-Making under Conditions of Uncertainty.- 5.6 Utility and Utility Functions.- 5.7 Clarification of the Concepts of Value and Utility.- 5.8 A Mathematical Model for Moral Decision-Making.- 6 Moral Judgment and Justification.- 6.1 The Statistical Nature of Moral Judgment.- 6.2 Value of Moral Principle, Virtue, or Moral Rule.- 6.3 Value of Consequences of a Moral Action.- 6.4 Moral Value of the Feeling of Moral Satisfaction.- 6.5 Value of Motive or Intention.- 6.6 Value of a Moral Action.- 6.7 Value of a Person.- 6.8 Justification for Moral Judgment.- 6.9 On Mill's "Proof" of the Principle of Utility.- 6.10 An Answer to "Why Do We Take Moral Actions?".- 7 Comparisons with Other Theories.- 7.1 Comparison of the Unified Utilitarian Theory with Existing Forms of Utilitarianism.- 7.2 Brief Comparison of Utilitarianism and Deontologism.- 7.3 Defense of Utilitarianism Against Charges Raised by Rights-Theorists and Other Nonutilitarianism.- 7.4 Arguments Against Rights-Theory.- 7.5 Utilitarian Interpretation of Absolute Rights.- 8 Summary, Refutation of Objections, and a General View.- 8.1 Summary of the Unified Utilitarian Theory.- 8.2 Refutation of Objections to Utilitarianism.- 8.3 Compatibility of Utilitarianism with the Principle of Justice.- 8.4 A New Look at Moral Philosophy.- 8.5 Scientific Approach and Systems Theory.- II: A Utilitarian Theory of Distributive Justice.- 9 The General Distribution Problem and Distributive Justice.- 9.1 Various Distribution Problems.- 9.2 Income and Wealth.- 9.3 Freedom, Right, Conflict and Justice.- 9.4 Equality As a Crude Criterion for the Resolution of Conflict.- 9.5 Existing Views of Distributive Justice.- 9.6 A Utilitarian Theory of Distributive Justice.- 10 Maximization of Utility and the Objective Function.- 10.1 The Other Sense of Utility and Marginal Utility.- 10.2 Law of Diminishing Incremental Interest.- 10.3 Utility of Money Versus von Neumann-Morgenstern Utility.- 10.4 A General Utility Function.- 10.5 Interpersonal Comparisons of Utility.- 10.6 On Normalization and Terminal Utilities.- 10.7 On Recent Developments in Utility and Risk Theory.- 10.8 The Social Welfare Function as an Objective Function.- 11 The Constraint.- 11.1 Optimization and Constraint.- 11.2 Comments on Pareto Optimality as a Constraint.- 11.3 Comments on Rawls' Difference Principle.- 11.4 Constant Total Value as a Constraint.- 11.5 The Dynamic Nature of Distribution.- 11.6 Utilitarianism Is Not Indifferent to Distribution.- 1...

Chemistry as an exact science.- Computational bottlenecks in molecular orbital calculations.- Variational transition state theory calculations of concerted hydrogen atom tunneling in water clusters and formaldehyde / water clusters.- Double many-body expansion potential energy surface for O4(3A), dynamics of the O(3P) + O3(1A1) reaction, and second virial coefficients of molecular oxygen.- The self-consistent reaction field model for molecular computations in solution.- New symmetry theorems and similarity rules for transition structures.- A topological analysis of macromolecular folding patterns.- Molecular mechanics.- Predicting the three-dimensional structure of proteins by homology-based model building.- Understanding chemical reactivity through the intersecting-state model.- The states of an electron pair and photochemical reactivity.- Ab-initio modelling of chemical reactivity using MC-SCF and VB methods.- The supra-supra mechanism of forbidden and allowed cycloaddition reactions: an analysis a VB model.- Excited state proton transfer reactions.- An exploratory study to correlate experimental and theoretical acidities of organic molecules.- Molecules with "volcanic" ground hypersurfaces. Structure, stability and energetics.- Molecular hydrogen as a ligand in transition metal complexes.- Molecular orbital studies of reductive elimination reactions.- Laboratory projects in computational organic chemistry.

Presentation of correspondence analysis and multiple correspondence analysis with the help of examples..- Multiple factor analysis: a method to analyse several groups of variables measured on the same set of individuals..- Principal component and correspondence analyses with respect to instrumental variables: an overview of their role in studies of structure-activity and species-environment relationships..- Basic procedures in hierarchical cluster analysis..- Interpretation of hierarchical clustering..- Graphical techniques for multidimensional data analysis..- Factor analysis and risk perception..- The use of similarity and clustering techniques for the prediction of molecular properties..- Multivariate analysis of the input and output data in the fugacity model level I..- Multivariate analyses in genetic toxicology..- A structure-biodegradability relationship model by discriminant analysis..- Multivariate image analysis in chemistry: an overview..- Chemical multivariate image analysis: some case studies..- Multilayer neural networks applied to structure-activity relationships..

Translators' Note.- Biographical Sketch.- An Analysis of Chaadaev's Major Ideas.- The Philosophical Letters Addressed to a Lady.- Letter I.- Letter II.- Letter III.- Letter IV.- Letter V.- Letter VI.- Letter VII.- Letter VIII.- The Apologia of a Madman.- Fragments and Diverse Thoughts.- Commentaries and Notes to the Biographical Sketch.- Commentaries and Notes to the Analysis of Chaadaev's Ideas.- Commentaries and Notes to the Philosophical Letters.- Commentaries and Notes to the Apologia of a Madman.- Commentaries and Notes to the Fragments, Articles and Other Letters.

1-Pre-White Dwarf Evolution and White Dwarf Cooling.- New pre-white dwarf evolutionary tracks.- Influence of the phase diagram in the cooling of white dwarfs.- PG1159 stars and the PNN-white dwarf connection.- Analysis of the soft X-ray data from the central star of NGC 7293.- Planetary Nebulae Nuclei with white dwarf spectra.- Atmospheric parameters of subluminous B stars.- White dwarf space densities and birth rates reconsidered.- A spectroscopic determination of the mass distribution of DA white dwarfs.- The age and formation of the Galaxy: clues from the white dwarf luminosity function.- Early results from the ROSAT Wide Field Camera.- The stellar component of the Hamburg Schmidt Survey.- White dwarfs in the Hamburg Schmidt Survey.- 2-Asteroseismology of White Dwarfs.- Asteroseismology of white dwarf stars with the Whole Earth Telescope.- A measurement of the evolutionary timescale of the cool white dwarf G117-B15A with WET.- On the interpretation of the dP/dt measurement in G117-B15A.- The boundaries of the ZZ Ceti instability strip.- Long term variations in ZZ Cetis: G191-16 and HL Tau 76.- Predicting the white dwarf light curves.- A wavelet analysis of the ZZ Ceti star G191 16.- An adiabatic survey for ZZ Ceti stars based on a finite element code.- A study of period change rates in post-AGB stars I. PG 1159-035.- Nonadiabatic nonradial pulsations for DAV white dwarf stars.- 3-Atmospheres and Envelopes.- NLTE Analysis of four PG1159 stars.- A search for trace amounts of hydrogen in DB stars.- Abundances of trace heavy elements in hot DA white dwarfs.- New results on radiative forces on iron in hot white dwarfs.- The effective temperature of the DBV's, and the sensitivity of DB model atmospheres to input physics.- The modified hydrostatic equilibrium equations for stratified high gravity stellar atmospheres.- The DBAQ G35-26.- LP 790-29: preliminary model atmospheres for this strongly polarized carbon white dwarf.- Some effect of the UV radiation from white dwarfs on the accretion of interstellar hydrogen.- Convection in white dwarfs: application of CM theory to helium envelope WDs.- Abundances in cool DZA and DAZ white dwarfs: new results using laboratory damping constants.- Evidence for fractionated accretion of metals on cool white dwarfs.- A new look at old friends: 40 Eri B and GD 323.- The Lyman Alpha line wing in hydrogen-rich white dwarf atmospheres.- Atmospheric parameters for DA white dwarfs in the vicinity of the ZZ Ceti instability strip.- Space Telescope observations of white dwarf stars.- 4-White Dwarfs in Binaries.- A deep spectroscopic survey of white dwarfs in common proper motion binaries.- Double degenerate common proper motion binaries.- Close binary white dwarfs.- New results on cataclysmic variable white dwarfs.- Whole Earth Telescope observations of the interacting white dwarf binary system AM CVn: first results.- IUE observations of V803 Cen in high and low states.- Whole Earth Telescope observations of PG1346+082.- On the origin of LMXRBS: the ONEMG case.

1. Standard Model of Primordial Nucleosynthesis and Observations of Light Elements.- Standard Model of Primordial Nucleosynthesis: A Few General Remarks.- The Abundances of D, He and Li Test and Constrain the Standard Model of Cosmology.- Lithium, Beryllium and Boron: Observational Constraints on Primordial Nucleosynthesis.- The Evolution of the Galactic Lithium Abundance.- Chemical Evolution of Galaxies.- The Effect of Some Nonequilibrium Processes on the Primordial Nucleosynthesis.- Analysis of the Reaction 7Li(d, n)8Be at Subcoulomb Energies.- Experimental Study of the Key Reaction to the Nucleosynthesis in the Inhomogeneous Big Bang Models.- Primordial Black Holes and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis.- Constraints from Primordial Nucleosynthesis on Neutrino Degeneracy.- 2. QCD Phase Transition and Nucleosynthesis in Inhomogeneous Universes.- Strange Quark Matter in Physics and Astrophysics.- Primordial Nucleosynthesis in Inhomogeneous Universe.- Sterile Neutrinos in the Early Universe.- Could Cosmic QCD Phase Transition Produce Strange Quark Matter Which Survives until the Present Time?.- Multi-Zone Calculation of Nucleosynthesis in Inhomogeneous Universe and Be-9 Abundance.- Signatures of Inhomogeneity in the Early Universe.- Diffusion Coefficients of Nucleons in the Inhomogeneous Big Bang Model.- Reactions on Carbon-14.- Survival of Strange Matter Lumps Formed in the Early Universe.- Measurement of the Cross Section of the 12C(n, g)13C Reaction at Stellar Energy.- Inhomogeneous Universes in the Framework of Lattice QCD.- 3. Inflation and very Early Universe.- The Beginning of the Universe.- Extended Inflationary Cosmology: A Primer.- The Inflation Sector of Extended Inflation.- Inflation in Generalized Einstein Theories.- Baryogenesis in the Universe.- Formation of Topological Defects in the Inflationary Universe.- Non-Zel'dovich Fluctuations from Inflation.- Magnetic Theory of Gravitation.- Chaotic Inflation and the Omega Problem.- Late-Time Cosmological Phase Transitions.- False-Vacuum Decay in Generalized Extended Inflation.- Reconciling a Small Density Parameter to Inflation.- Soft Inflation: A Model for Easing Constraints.- Stochastic Inflation Lattice Simulations: Ultra-Large Scale Structure of the Universe.- Purely Quantum Derivation of Density Fluctuations in the Inflationary Universe.- Constraints on the Coupling of Weakly-Interacting Particles to Matter from Stellar Evolution.- Formation and Evolution of Domain-Wall-Networks.- Catastrophe of Spacetime in the Early Universe.- (2+1)-Dimensional Quantum Gravity.- A Stringy Universe Scenario.- The Constant-Mean-Curvature Slicing of the Schwarzschild-de Sitter Space-Time.- Schwarzschild-de Sitter Type Wormhole and Cosmological Constant.- 4. Background Radiation.- COBE: New Sky Maps of the Early Universe.- Large Scale Cosmic Instability.- Gas-Induced Primary and Secondary CMB Anisotropies.- Cosmic X-Ray Background.- Large Scale Anisotropy of the CMB in an Open Universe and Constraints on the Models of Galaxy Formation.- 5. Dark Matter.- The Best-Fit Universe.- LEP Physics and the Early Universe.- A Search for Dark Matters in the Kamiokande II.- Baryonic Dark Matter.- Phenomenological Dark Matter Detection Rate-form WIMP to SIMP-.- 6. Galaxies and AGN.- X-Ray Iron Line of Cluster of Galaxies.- Dynamical Evolution of Compact Groups of Galaxies.- Correlations of Spin Angular Momenta of Galaxies.- Formation of Bipolar Radio Jets and Lobes from Accreton Disk around Forming Blackhole at the Center of Protogalaxies.- An Evolutionary Unified Scheme for Radio-Loud Quasars and Blazars.- Magnetohydrodynamical Energy Extraction from a Kerr Black Hole.- Spherical Symmetric Model for Calculating Large Peculiar Velocities of Galaxies.- On the Origin of Cosmological Magnetic Fields.- 7. Large Scale Structure.- The Hawaii Deep Survey-Implications for Cosmology and Galaxy Formation.- Analysis of the Large Scale Structure with Deep Pencil Beam Surveys.- Distance to the Coma Cluster and the Va...

One: Historical Reflections.- 1. Reflections on the development of organ transplantation.- Two: Immunology of Organ Transplantation.- 2. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of allograft rejection.- 3. What does the alloreactive T cell see?.- 4. HLA matching and organ transplantation.- 5. An effective strategy for transplantation of highly sensitized patients.- 6. Rapid lymphocyte crossmatching for renal transplantation.- Three: Organ Allograft Rejection.- 7. Fifteen-year experience with fine needle aspiration biopsies at the University of Helsinki.- 8. Study of antibody specificity in highly sensitized patients using human monoclonal antibody technology.- 9. Idiotypic-Antiidiotypic antibody interaction and renal transplant survival.- Four: Immunosuppression.- 10. Transplantation and blood transfusion in 1990.- 11. Quadruple-drug immunosuppressive induction treatments for immunological high-risk patients in cadaveric renal transplantation using poly-and monoclonal antibodies.- 12. Sequential combination immunotherapy for cadaveric renal transplantation: OKT3 versus rabbit ATG induction.- 13. Multi-organ transplant experience with OKT3 and strategies for use at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center.- 14. Cyclosporine withdrawal in renal transplant recipients maintained on azathioprine, prednisone and cyclosporine.- 15. Early experience with FK 506 in liver transplantation.- 16. Deoxyspergualin. A novel immunosuppressant: experimental and clinical studies.- 17. Preliminary results with FK 506 in pancreas grafting in a nonhuman primate model.- 18. The effect of DST on graft outcome - the Turkish experience.- 19. Induction of specific unresponsiveness (tolerance) to experimental and clinical allografts using polyclonal antilymphocyte serum and donor-specific bone marrow.- 20. Comparison of cyclosporine assays using radioimmunoassay, fluorescent polarization immunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography.- Five: Renal Transplantation.- 21. Long-term outcome in renal transplantation.- 22. Ten-year experience with 500 renal transplants.- 23. Long-term results in recipients of cadaveric renal allografts under cyclosporine therapy.- 24. Transplantation of single and double kidneys from pediatric donors.- 25. ABO-incompatible living related donor transplantation.- 26. The use of single pediatric cadaver kidneys for transplantation into adult recipients.- 27. Living unrelated donor renal transplantation.- 28. Renal transplantation in Tunisia - a three-year experience.- 29. Renal transplantation in children.- 30. Kidney donors - long-term follow up.- 31. Current techniques for permanent vascular access surgery - experience with 930 procedures.- 32. Results of 319 consecutive renal transplants from living related and living unrelated donors in Iran.- Six: Liver Transplantation.- 33. Liver transplantation: current status.- 34. An overview of liver transplantation therapy for children.- 35. Current anesthetic management in clinical liver transplantation.- 36. Risk factors in adult liver transplant recipients.- 37. The concept of reduced-size liver transplantation, including split-liver and living related liver transplantation.- 38. Immunological factors contributing to outcome in liver transplantation.- 39. Transplantation for hepatobiliary malignancies.- 40. The diagnosis and management of massive blood loss during liver transplantation.- 41. Early clinical experience with cluster resection and transplantation for right upper quadrant abdominal malignancy.- Seven: Heart/Heart-Lung Transplants.- 42. Lung transplantation: current techniques and outcomes.- 43. Heart-lung transplantation at the University of Minnesota.- 44. Specificity and sensitivity of the cytoimmunological monitoring (CIM): differentiation between cardiac rejection, viral, bacterial, or fungal infection.- Eight: Pancreas Transplantation.- 45. International Pancreas Transplantation Registry report.- 46. Techniques and experience of pancreatic transplantation wit...

One: Pathophysiological considerations.- 1. The cell biology of atherosclerosis.- 2. The pathology of atherosclerosis.- Two: Occult carotid and cerebrovascular disease.- 3. The natural history of asymptomatic carotid artery disease.- 4. Techniques of screening, diagnosis and assessment of occult carotid and cerebrovascular disease.- 5. The diagnosis and management of occult atherosclerotic disease of the extra-cranial carotid artery.- Three: Occult coronary artery disease.- 6. Risk factors and epidemiology in the pathogenesis and clinical progress of occult coronary artery disease.- 7. ECG and stress testing in the diagnosis of occult atherosclerotic disease of the coronary arteries.- 8. Use of Holier monitoring in occult coronary artery disease.- 9. Radionuclide techniques in the diagnosis and assessment of occult coronary artery disease.- 10. Echocardiography in the diagnosis and assessment of occult coronary artery disease.- 11. Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis and assessment of occult coronary artery disease.- 12. Prognosis and management of occult coronary artery disease.- 13. Occult myocardial infarction.- Four: Occult atherosclerotic disease of the aorta and arteries of the lower limbs.- 14. Epidemiology of occult atherosclerosis in the lower limbs.- 15. Occult aortic aneurysm.- 16. Occult atherosclerotic disease of arteries of the lower limb - incidence, pathophysiology, diagnosis and assessment.- 17. The detection of occult peripheral arterial disease using the one-minute exercise test.- 18. The management of occult atherosclerosis in arteries of the lower limbs.- Five: Occult atherosderotic disease of the renal and mesenteric arteries.- 19. Occult atherosclerotic involvement of the renal vasculature-pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and investigations contributing to management.- 20. Investigations of mesenteric and renal arteriosclerotic disease.- Six: New techniques, combined lesions and prevention.- 21. Use of DNA technology in the diagnosis of occult atherosclerotic disease.- 22. Occult cardiovascular atherosderotic disease in the diabetic.- 23. Who should be investigated for occult atherosderotic disease?.- 24. Prevention of occult atherosderotic disease.

Revue sur la théorie des D-modules et modèles d'opérateurs pseudodifférentiells, A Survey on the Theory of D-modules. Models for Pseudodifferential Operators.- Fourier Transform and Differential Equations.- Excursions and Itô Calculus in Nelson's Stochastic Mechanics.- Stark-Wannier Resonant States.- Spectral Properties of Adiabatically Perturbed Differential Operators with the Periodic Coefficients.- Quantum Tunnelling for Bloch Electrons in Small Electric Fields.- Asymptotic Invariant Subspaces; Abiabatic Theorems and Block Diagonalisation.- On the Quantum Hall-Effect.- Magnetic Schrödinger Operators and Effective Hamiltonians.- Perturbations of Supersymmetric Systems in Quantum Mechanics.- On the Eigenvalues of a Perturbed Harmonic Oscillator.- On Topics in Spectral and Stochastic Analysis for Schrödinger Operators.- Asymptotic Observables in the N-Body Quantum Long Range Scattering.- Spectral Properties of Bent Quantum Wires.- Eigenfunction Expansions for Hyperbolic Laplacians.- The Method of Differential Inequalities.- Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics.- Propagation des singularités GEVREY pour la diffraction.- Reduction and Geometric Prequantization at the Cotangent Level.- Dirac Particles in Magnetic Fields.- On the Quasi-Stationary Approach to Scattering for Perturbations Periodic in Time.- Existence, Uniqueness and Some Properties of Schrödinger Propagators.

1: General Aspects of Laryngeal Cancer.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Incidence.- 1.2. Predisposing factors.- 2. TNM staging.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Clinical classification.- 3. Diagnostic aspects.- 3.1. History.- 3.2. External examination.- 3.3. Laryngoscopy.- 4. Therapeutic options.- 4.1. Radiotherapeutic options.- 4.1.1. Technique.- 4.1.2. Prognostic factors of irradiation treatment.- 4.1.3. Complications due to radiation therapy.- 4.2. Surgical options.- 4.2.1. Laser therapy and microsurgical stripping.- 4.2.2. Laryngofissure and cordectomy.- 4.2.3. Vertical partial laryngectomy.- 4.2.4. Antero-frontal laryngectomy for excision of the anterior commissure.- 4.2.5. Supraglottic laryngectomy.- 4.2.6. (Wide-field) total laryngectomy.- 4.3. Chemotherapeutic options.- 5. Therapeutic management.- Tl- and T2-glottic carcinomas.- T1- and T2-subglottic carcinomas.- T2- and T2-supraglottic carcinomas.- T3- and T4-laryngeal cancer.- Nodal metastasis.- References.- 2: The Patterns of Growth And Spread of Laryngeal Cancer.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Spread of cancer in various regions.- 2.1. Cancer of the supraglottic region.- 2.2. Cancer of the glottic region.- 2.3. Cancer of the subglottic region.- 3. Cartilage invasion.- 4. Lymphatic spread.- 5. Vascular and perineural invasion.- References.- 3: The Radiological Examination of the Larynx.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Phonation manoeuvers.- 3. Frontal tomography.- 4. Contrast laryngography.- 5. Computed tomography.- 6. CT versus conventional radiological techniques.- 6.1. CT versus conventional tomography.- 6.2. CT versus contrast laryngography.- References.- 4: General Aspects of MR Imaging.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Technical principles.- 2.1. Properties of atomic nuclei.- 2.2. Resonance.- 2.3. Behaviour of a sample of nuclei.- 2.4. Proton density, tissue characteristics.- 2.5. Spin echo technique.- 3. The equipment.- 3.1. Magnet.- 3.2. Gradient system.- 3.3. Coils.- 3.4. Computer.- 4. Disadvantages of MR imaging.- 4.1. Claustrophobia.- 4.2. Contra-indications.- References.- 5: MR Imaging Techniques of the Larynx.- 1. Surface coils.- 1.1. Coil selection.- 2. Parameters.- 2.1. Pulse sequences.- 2.2. Slice thickness.- 2.3. Slice direction.- 2.4. Matrix size.- 2.5. Number of signal measurements.- 3. Artifacts.- 3.1. Motion artifacts.- 3.2. System artifacts.- 3.3. Chemical shift artifacts.- 3.4. Artifacts due to ferromagnetic implants.- 4. Performance of the laryngeal examination.- References.- 6: MR Imaging of the Normal Larynx.- 1. Introduction.- 2. MR imaging of laryngeal structures.- 2.1. Laryngeal skeleton.- 2.2. Laryngeal compartments.- 3. Landmarks.- 3.1. Hyoid bone.- 3.2. Aryepiglottic fold.- 3.3. False vocal cords.- 3.4. True vocal cords.- 3.5. Subglottic level.- References.- 7: MR Imaging of Laryngeal Cancer.- Abstract.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials and methods.- 3. Case reports.- Case 1.- Case 2.- Case 3.- Case 4.- Case 5.- Case 6.- Case 7.- 4. Discussion.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- 8: MR imaging of Normal and Cancerous Laryngeal Cartilages. Histopathological Correlation.- Abstract.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials and methods.- 3. Results.- 3.1. Epiglottic cartilage.- 3.2. Thyroid cartilage.- 3.3. Cricoid cartilage.- 3.4. Arytenoid cartilage.- 4. Discussion.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- 9: Dagnosis of Laryngeal Cartilage Invasion by Cancer. Comparison of CT and MR Imaging.- Abstract.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials and methods.- 2.1. Imaging techniques.- 2.2. Image interpretation.- 2.3. Pathological findings.- 3. Results.- 3.1. Epiglottic cartilage.- 3.2. Thyroid cartilage.- 3.3. Arytenoid cartilage.- 3.4. Cricoid cartilage.- 3.5. Group of patients for which no pathologic correlation was available.- 3.6. Movement artifacts.- 4. Discussion.- 4.1. Elastic cartilage: epiglottic cartilage.- 4.2. Hyaline cartilage: thyroid, cricoid and arytenoid cartilages.- 5. Summary.- References.- 10: MR Findings of Cartilage Invasion by Laryngeal Cancer. Value in Predicting Outcome of Radiation Therap...

Session I - Multidisciplinary Studies.- Field data versus modelling. Why environmental sciences need both.- Field testing of transport models for organic chemicals in surface and subsurface water.- The transport and fate of organic pollutants in rivers. II - Field measurement and modelling for styrene, xylenes, dichlorobenzenes and 4-phenyl-dodecane.- Environmental applications of chemometrics - envirometrics.- Session II - Partitioning of Organic Micropollutants in the Aquatic Environment.- Sorption kinetics of micropollutants from suspended particles: experimental observations and modelling.- Bioaccumulation kinetics: experimental data and modelling.- Bioaccumulation of nonylphenol in caged mussels in an industrial coastal area on the Swedish West coast.- Transport and distribution of DDT and PCB in the upper Sado estuary, and accumulation in oysters: importance of runoff.- Herbicide losses in runoff from the agricultural area of Thessaloniki in Thermaikos Gulf, N. Greece.- Session III - Novel Analytical Techniques in Environmental Chemistry.- The role of capillary GC - Hyphenated techniques in water analysis.- Supercritical fluid extraction of chlorinated compounds and other pollutants.- Application of AMD to the determination of crop-protection agents in drinking water - Fundamentals and method.- Session IV - Monitoring Micropollutant.- Liquid chromatographic strategies for the determination of pesticides in the aquatic environment.- Multiresidue analysis of pesticides in drinking water and related samples.- Chemical Analysis as a cyclic procedure (a chain is only as strong as its weakest link).- Session V - Degradation of Organic Micropollutants During Field Conditions.- Microbial degradation of mixtures of aromatic compounds at low concentrations under aerobic conditions.- Microbial aspects of the behaviour of chlorinated compounds during soil passage.- Session VI - Reclamation of Polluted Ground Water.- In situ biorestoration of a subsoil, contaminated with gasoline.- Bioremediation of chlorophenol-contaminated ground water.- Synergic behaviour of microorganisms able to degrade halogenated organic substances.- Session VII- Chemical and Photochemical Oxidation.- Photochemical processes in water and their stimulation for the degradation of organic micropollutants.- Removal of nitrogenous pesticides by direct and radical type ozonation.- The effect of ozonation and biological filtration on the removal of cyanobacterial toxins.- Session VIII - Future of Environmental Chemistry.- Global aspects of the environmental fate of organic micropollutants.- Environmental problems in a long term perspective.- EC policy in the field of water.- Poster Session I - Analytical Methodologies.- Carboxylic biointermediates of LAS and NPEO: synthesis, characterization and RP-HPLC determination.- Dual Column chromatography in a standard gas chromatograph.- Identification of volatile organic compounds in urban and industrial effluents discharged at Sado estuary.- The evaluation of three solvent extraction techniques for the isolation of n-herbicides from drinking-and surface water.- Two interlaboratory studies on volatile organic hydrocarbons.- Determination of nitroaromatics in water using substance specific detection modes.- HPLC with Diode-Array-Detection - a new multi-method in the determination of pesticides in drinking water.- GC determination of chlorophenoxy acids in minor polluted waters.- Multi-component analysis of pesticides in water samples by HPLC. Rapid extraction and neutral/acid fractionation by a carbopack cartridge.- FAB mass spectrometric applications to the study of non volatile organic compounds in water.- Determination of organotin miticides in water and vegetables.- Field measurement of volatile organic chemicals by membrane inlet mass spectometry.- Extraction and analysis of organic micropollutants in river water.- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.- Identification and behaviour of iodinated haloform medicinal odor.- C...

The Magnetosheath and Magnetotail of Venus.- The Structure of the Venus Ionosphere.- Ion Dynamics in the Venus Ionosphere.- Magnetic Fields in the Ionosphere of Venus.- Plasma Waves at Venus.- Venus Lightning.- The Structure, Luminosity and Dynamics of the Venus Atmosphere.

Welcome.- Elliott F. Osserman In Memoriam.- The 1990 Guidelines for Nomenclature and Classification of Amyloid and Amyloidosis.- I Protein Aa/Saa and Secondary Amyloidosis.- The Human Saa Genes and Their Regulation by Cytokines.- Genetic Isofocusing Variant of Human Serum Amyloid A.- Sequence Analysis of a Third Human Saa Gene.- Human Serum Amyloid-A Protein: Variability Demonstrated by Cdna Sequencing and Expression Studies.- Abyssinian Cat Model of Aa Amyloidosis: Saa Gene Analysis.- Mink Serum Amyloid a Protein - Expression and Primary Structure of Amyloidogenic and Non-Amyloidogenic Isotypes.- Primary Structure of Two Rabbit Serum Amyloid a Proteins (Saa) Based on Cdna Sequence.- Biosynthesis and Processing of Saa by Mouse L-Cells Transfected with the Human Saag9 Gene.- Regulation of Serum Amyloid a (Saa) Synthesis in Hep 3B Cells by Cytokines and Corticosteroids.- Regulation of Saa Synthesis by Cytokines in a Human Hepatoma Cell Line.- Saa Secretion from Cytokine-Stimulated Human Hepatoma Cells Requires Hdl.- Interferon a Induces Tnf Elevations in Vivo. Correlation with Other Acute Phase React Ants.- Acute Phase Protein, Serum Amyloid a, Inhibits Il-1- and Tnf-Induced Fever and Hypothalamic Pge2 In Mice.- Human Recombinant TNF-? and Poly I. Poly C Induce Saa and Enhance Amyloidosis in Hamster.- The Physiology of the Acute Phase Serum Amyloid a (Saa) Response in Mice.- Mouse Saa3: Detection in Mouse Tissues with Specific Antibody.- Generation and Use of Site-Specific Antibodies Against Saa.- The N-Terminus is the Lipid-Binding Site of Saa: Supporting Evidence by Moabs.- Epitope Mapping of Amyloid-a Protein Using Monoclonal Antibodies.- Reactive (Aa) Amyloidosis in a 14 Year Old with No Predisposing Disease.- Induction of Amyloidosis in Mice: Preparation of Active Azocasein (Azo) and Effect of Endotoxin (Lps).- Serum Amyloid a (SAA) Induction in the Serum High Density Lipoproteins of the Syrian Hamster.- The Complete Primary Structure of Bovine Serum Amyloid Protein a (SAA) and of Tissue Amyloid Fibril Protein a (AA) Subspecies.- Degradation of Saa in Amyloid Fibrils by Elastase.- Evolutionary Aspects of Protein Saa.- Strain Specific Variation in Expression of Novel Mouse Apo-Saa Isoforms.- Saa Isotypes in Patients with Secondary Amyloidosis.- Differential Regulation of Human Serum Amyloid a Isoforms.- The Effect of SAA-Derived Fragment - SAA2-82 - On Platelet Aggregation.- Serum Amyloid a, An Acute Phase Protein, Inhibits Platelet Activation.- Serum Amyloid a (SAA)-Related Peptide Isolated from Synovial Fluid Modulates Superoxide Production by Human Neutrophils.- Antiplatelet Aggregation Activity of Serum Amyloid a (SAA) Related Peptides.- Effect of Purified Serum Amyloid a on Growth and Differentiation of Transformed Cells.- II Al Protein and Light Chain Related Amyloidosis.- Primary Systemic Amyloidosis (AL) In 1990.- Comparison of the Amino Acid Sequences of Ten Kappa I Amyloid Proteins for Amyloidogenic Sequences.- Characterization of a X Al Protein and Two Amyloidgenic X Bjp in Three Cases of Immunoglobulin Amyloidosis.- Biclonality in Amyloidosis Patient Mal: One Clone Producing an Amyloidogenic, the Other a Non-Amyloidogenic Kappa L-Chain.- Complete Amino-Acid Sequence of a Kappa Light Chain Fragment Isolated from the Urine of Amyloidosis Patient Mal.- Comparative Studies of Two al Chains of Kappa-III Light Chain Origin with and Without Attached Carbohydrate (Al So124 and Al 700).- Structural Studies of two Carbohydrate-Containing Al Chains (?II) Al NøV and Al Mc.- Complete Amino-Acid Sequence of Al-Bence-Jones Protein Pol of the Lambda I Subclass.- Complete Amino-Acid Sequence of Al-Lambda 1.1 Bence-Jones Protein Ezi.- Complete Amino Acid Sequence of A A Amyloid Fibril Protein Isolated from the Liver of Amyloidosis Patient Dia.- Systemic Al Amyloidosis In A Cat.- Experimental Production of Human Amyloidosis Al.- Al Amyloid, L-Chain and L&H-Chain Deposition Diseases: Comparison of Ig Synthesis and Tissue Deposition

ONE: Liver and Bile.- 1 Liver scintigraphy.- 2 Differential diagnosis of jaundice with hepatobiliary scintigraphy.- 3 Kinetics of gallbladder emptying.- 4 Hepatobiliary imaging after gastrointestinal surgery.- 5 Measurements of liver haemodynamics.- 6 Hepatic scintigraphy for evaluation of liver grafts.- 7 Differential diagnosis of liver tumors.- 8 Intra-arterial liver scintigraphy with99mTc-MAA.- TWO: Stomach and Intestines.- 9 Detection of gastroduodenal ulcers using Technetium-99m-labelled sucralfate.- 10 Gastroesophageal and biliary reflux.- 11 Nuclear medicine in inflammatory bowel diseases.- 12 Detection and localization of gastrointestinal bleeding sites with scintigraphic techniques.- 13 Intestinal absorption tests.- THREE: Miscellaneous.- 14 Investigations of disorders of motility of the esophagus in chronic diseases.- 15 Radioimmunoscintigraphy in gastroenterology.- 16 Scintigraphic procedures for the proof of peritoneo-venous shunt patency.

One.- 1 Characterization.- 2 Serum-Free Media.- 3 Differentiation Potential of Cancer Cells.- 4 Spheroids and Xenografts.- 5 Predictive Assays for Drug and Radiation Resistance.- Two.- 6 Colorectum.- 7 Testicular Germ Cell Tumours.- 8 Epidermis.- 9 Lung Cancer.- 10 Brain.- 11 Ovarian Tumours.- 12 Prostate.- 13 Breast Cancer.

1 Introduction.- 2 Systems Approach to Supplemental Irrigation.- 3 Water Balance Calculations.- 4 Regional Application of Water Balance Methods.- 5 Soil Water Relationships.- 6 Movement of Water in Soils.- 7 Darcy Equation.- 8 Soil Water Measurement.- 9 Infiltration.- 10 Field Measurement of Infiltration.- 11 Groundwater Supply.- 12 Water Quality, Irrigation Measurement and Efficiency.- 13 Land Leveling and Simplistic Surveying.- 14 Economics of Supplemental Irrigation.- 15 Evaluation of Supplemental Irrigation.- 16 Introduction to Technology Transfer.- 17 Verification of Supplemental Irrigation of Spring Wheat.- 18 Irrigation of Cereals in Algeria.- 19 Supplemental Irrigation Systems in Cyprus.- 20 Potential of Supplemental Irrigation in Iran.- 21 Supplemental Irrigation Systems of Iraq.- 22 The Farming Systems in Jordan: Rainfed, Water Harvesting, and Supplemental Irrigation.- 23 Supplemental Irrigation and Water Harvesting Systems in Libya.- 24 Supplemental Irrigation Systems in Morocco.- 25 Supplemental Irrigation in Pakistan.- 26 Supplemental Irrigation Systems of the Syrian Arab Republic (SAR).- 27 Cereal Cropping and Supplemental Irrigation in Tunisia.- 28 Supplemental Irrigation in Turkey.- 29 Supplemental Irrigation in Yemen Arab Republic (YAR).- 30 Conclusions.- Appendix Source Materials for Chapters 1-16.