Books published by Springer Nature Singapore

Rudolph Altschul: Man and Scientist.- 1 The Dynamic Vessel Wall.- Natural History of Atherosclerosis.- Adaptations of Mature and Developing Arteries to Local Hemodynamics.- The Cytoskeleton of Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells during Development, Atheromatosis and Tissue Culture.- 2 Vascular Wall Injury and Repair.- Repair of Arterial Endothelium.- The Role of the Cytoskeleton in Endothelial Repair.- Thrombin-Stimulated Endothelial Cell Functions: Monocyte Adhesion and PDGF Production.- 3 Extracellular Matrix Interactions in Atherogenesis.- Dynamic Responses of Collagen and Elastin to Vessel Wall Perturbation.- Dynamic Interaction of Proteoglycans.- Endothelial Cell - Extracellular Matrix Interactions: Modulation of Vascular Cell Phenotype by Matrix Components and Soluble Factors.- 4 Autocrine and Paracrine Control of Vascular Tissue.- Regulation of PDGF Expression in Vascular Cells.- Endothelial Regulation of Vasomotor Tone in Atherosclerosis.- Production of Cytokines by Vascular Wall Cells: An Update and Implications for Atherogenesis.- 5 Thrombosis and Fibrinolysis.- Hypoxia and Endothelial Cell Function: Alterations in Barrier and Coagulant Properties.- Regulation of Type One Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Gene Expression in Cultured Endothelial Cells and the Vessel Wall.- Platelet Reactions in Thrombosis.- Eicosanoid Metabolism and Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Expression: Effects on Platelet/Vessel Wall Interactions.- 6 Lipids in Atherogenesis.- Receptor-Mediated Low Density Lipoprotein Metabolism.- The Molecular Basis for Lipoprotein Interaction with Vascular Tissue.- Cholesterol: Is there a Consensus?.- Contributors.

2D Gravity and Non-Perturbative Effects: Diffusion Equation, Continuum Limit and Universality in 2D Quantum Gravity; O. Alvarez, et al. On Triangles and Squares; C. Bachas. Non-Perturbative Effects in 2D Gravity and Matrix Modles; F. David. Integrable Models of 2D Quantum Gravity; P. Di Francesco, et al. Topological Strings and Loop Equations; R. Dijkgraaf, et al. The Two Matrix Model; M.R. Douglas. Action Principle and Large Order Behavior of Non-Perturbative Gravity; P. Ginsparg, et al. D = 1 Strings and String Field Theory: Matrix Models, String Field Theory and Topology; T. Banks. Multipoint Correlation Functions in One-Dimensional String Theory; D. Boulativ. The Penner Model and D = 1 String Theory J. Distler, et al. Non-Perturbative String Theory; D.J. Gross. Bosonic Strings and String Field Theories in One-Dimensional Target Space; V. Kazakov. Liouville Theory andD 1: Random Surfaces in Dimensions Larger than One; J. Ambjorn. On Gauge Invariances in Stochastic Quantization; L. Baulieu. The Quantum Group Structure of Quantum Gravity in Two Dimensions; J.L. Gervais. Notes on Quantum Liouville Theory and Quantum Gravity; N. Seiberg. 8 additional articles. Index.

Biophysics and Psychophysics of Photoreceptors.- Visual Pigments and Colour Vision in Primates.- The Cost of Trichromaticity for Spatial Vision.- Variability in Cone Populations and Implications.- Discussion: Biophysics and Psychophysics of Photoreceptor.- Transition from Photopic to Scotopic Light Assessments and Possible Underlying Processes.- Dual Rod Pathways.- Wavelength-Discrimination with Only Rods and Blue Cones.- Density of Bipolar Cells in the Macaque Monkey Retina.- Discussion: Rod Vision.- Parvocellular and Magnocellular Pathways and Psychophysics.- Which Cells Code for Color?.- Receptive Field Structure of P and M Cells in the Monkey Retina.- On the Relation between Cellular Sensitivity and Psychophysical Detection.- P and M Pathway Specialization in the Macaque.- The Color-Opponent and Broad-band Channels of the Primate Visual System.- Discussion: P- and M-Pathways I.- Temporal Characteristics of Colour Vision: VEP and Psychophysical Measurements.- The Contribution of Colour to Motion.- Functional Classification of Parallel Pathways.- The Responses of Macaque Retinal Ganglion Cells to Complex Temporal Waveforms.- Remote Surrounds and the Sensitivity of Primate P-Cells.- On Neurophysiological Correlates of Simultaneous Colour and Brightness Contrast as Demonstrated in P-LGN-Cells of the Macaque.- Development of Infant Contrast Sensitivity and Acuity for Coloured Patterns.- Psychophysical Evidence of two Gradients of Neural Sampling in Peripheral Vision.- Discussion: P- and M-Pathways II.- Visual Evoked Potentials.- On the Nature of Visual Evoked Potentials, Unit Responses and Psychophysics.- Localization of the Electromagnetic Sources of the Pattern Onset Response in Man.- Discussion: Evoked Potentials.- Cortical Processing and Psychophysical Measurement.- Probing the Primate Visual Cortex: Pathways and Perspectives.- Lateral Interactions in Visual Cortex.- The Perceptual Significance of Cortical Organization.- Orientation and Spatial Frequency Selectivity: Properties and Modular Organization.- Orientation and Color Columns in Monkey Striate Cortex.- Discussion: Cortical Processing.- Psychophysical Studies and Post-Receptoral Processes.- Visual Photometry: Relating Psychophysics to some Aspects of Neurophysiology.- Sensory and Perceptual Processes in Seeing Brightness and Lightness.- Assimilation Versus Contrast.- On Achromatic Colors.- Color Opponency from Eye to Brain.- Chromatic Mechanisms beyond Linear Opponency.- Discussion: Psychophysics and Post-Receptoral Processes I.- Adaptation Mechanisms in Color and Brightness.- Testing the Contrast Explanation of Color Constancy.- Adaptation and Color Discrimination.- Studies on Colour Constancy in Man Using a "Checkerboard - Mondrian".- Discussion: Post-Receptoral Processes II.- Models, Neural Processes and Psychophysics.- Origin of Perceptually Measured Phase Shifts in the Visual System.- Psychophysical Correlates of Parvo Channel Function.- On the Physiological Basis of Higher Colour Metrics.- Neural Decoding.- Effects of Phase Shifts between Cone Inputs on Responses of Chromatically Opponent Cells.- Different Neural Codes for Spatial Frequency and Contrast.- Displacement Estimation, Stereo Matching and 'Object' Recognition: A Computer Simulation Approach Working with Real World Imagery.- Scaling and Thresholds of Color and Light Described by an Opponent Model of Color Vision Based on Psychophysical Data.- Discussion: Models and Neural Nets.- General Discussion.- Participants.

Dynamical Symmetries of Relativistic Two - and Many Body Systems.- Algebraic Treatment of Multistep Processes in Electron-Molecule Scattering.- Symmetry, Constitutive Laws of Bounded Smoothly Deformable Media and Neumann Problems.- Imitation of Symmetries in Local Quantum Field Theory.- Representations of Quantum Groups.- Algebras and Symmetries - Quantum Mechanical Symmetry Breaking.- q-Analysis and Quantum Groups.- Orthogonal Polynomials and Coherent States.- Algebraic Model for Molecular Electronic Spectra.- Highest Weight Unitary Modules for Non-Compact Groups and Applications to Physical Problems.- Scattering Theory and the Group Representation Matrix.- Predicting "Anyons" The Origins of Fractional Statistics in Two-Dimensional Space.- The Role of Parabose-Statistics in Making Abstract Quantum Theory Concrete.- On Quantized Verma Modules.- The Role of Spectrum Generating Algebras and Dynamic Symmetries in Molecular Physics.- O(4) Symmetry and Angular Momentum Theory in Four Dimensions.- Representations of the Quantum Algebras Uq(su(2)) and Uq(su(1, 1)).- From "Quantum Groups" to "Quasi-Quantum Groups".- Symmetries of Icosahedral Quasicrystals.- Molecular Symmetry Adapted Bases in the Born-Oppenheimer Approximation.- On Certain Submodules of the Enveloping Fields.- Invariants and States Generating Symmetry of Nonstationary Systems.- Origins of Nuclear and Hadron Symmetries.- Projection Operator Method and Q-Analog of Angular Momentum Theory.- Symmetry Breaking and Fractional Quantization of Quantum Systems.- New Phases of D ? 2 Current and Diffeomorphism Algebras in Particle Physics.- Algebra and Geometry in the Theory of Mixed States.- Group Structures and the Interacting Boson Approximation for Nuclei.- Paradigms of Quantum Algebras.

Nuclear Oncogenes as Transcription Factors.- Control of Hepatocyte Growth by Positive and Negative Growth Regulators and Mitogenic Triggers: Implications for Hepatic Neoplasia.- Cell Cycle Dependent Regulation of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Gene Expression.- Different Expression of Cell Cycle Related Genes During Liver Regeneration and Liver Hyperplasia.- S-Adenosylmethionine Content, DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in Regenerating Liver.- Gene Activation and Deactivation During Multistage Hepatocarcinogenesis in the Rat.- Biochemical and Molecular Perturbations Induced in Preneoplastic Tissue by a S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine Load.- Alterations of Cell Surface Receptors and Expression of Cellular Oncogenes in the Liver of Rats Fed a Hypolipidemic Peroxisome Proliferator.- Growth Hormone-Regulated Expression of c-myc Gene During sex-Differentiated Promotion of Rat Liver Carcinogenesis.- In Situ Hybridization of Ha-Ras During Rat Liver Carcinogenesis.- Mutations in the H-Ras Proto-Oncogene in Early Precancerous Liver Lesions of the B6C3F1 Mouse.- Transformation of Human Epithelial Cells by Recombinant Human Papillomavirus DNA Associated with Cervical Cancer.- Cancer Families and Susceptibility to Cancer.- Cancer Syndromes in Humans.- Case-Control Studies on Cancer Risk in G6PD-Deficient Male Populations.- Genetic Susceptibility to Murine Hepatocarcinogenesis.- MHC-Linked Genes Controlling Growth and Reproduction Influence the Susceptibility to Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Carcinogenesis.- Metabolic Aberrations and Metamorphosis During Chemical Carcinogenesis.- Persistent Rat Liver Nodules Differ from Normal Liver, Regenerating Liver and Early Nodules both in Terms of Proteins of the Nuclear Matrix and Chromatin Condensation.- Intracellular Na+, K+, H+ and Cl? Activities and Membrane Potentials During the 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene-Induced Rat Hepatocarcinogenesis.- Analysis of the Effects of Modifying Agents on Proliferation and Enzyme Phenotype in Focal Preneoplastic and Neoplastic Liver Lesions in Rats.- Epidermal Growth Factor-Induced Cell Proliferation and EGF Binding in Preneoplastic Foci in The Rat Liver.- The Different Calcium Requirements of the Mitogenic Effects Elicited in Primary Neonatal Rat Hapatocytes by the Diterpene Phorbol Esters 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate and Sapintoxin A.- Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Molecular Forms in Different Experimental Models of Hepatic Cell Proliferation.- Estrogen Dependent Growth of a Rat Pituitary Tumor (MtT/F84).- Deterministic Coupling Between Cellular Bioenergetics, Cholesterol Synthesis, cell Proliferation and Cancer.- Dolichyl Phosphate as a Regulator of Cell Growth.- Regulation of Cholesterol Metabolism in Normal and Malignantly Transformed Tissue in Vivo.- Cholesterol Metabolism and Proliferative Processes.- Serum LCAT and Lipid Levels in grc-- Bearing Rats with Liver Cancer.- Covalent Modification of Proteins by Farnesol and the Control of Cell Proliferation.- Repeated Treatments with a Low HNE Concentration Affect K562 Cell Proliferation.- Arachidonic Acid Enrichment Augments the Malonildialdehyde Production in Yoshida AH-130 Hepatoma Cells.- Modulation of Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Diphosphate (PIP2)-Phospholipase C Activity by 4-Hydroxyalkenals.- The Role of Hepatic Metabolism in Sex Differentiation of Chemical Hepatocarcinogenesis in the Rat.- Changes of Rat Liver Glutathione Peroxidase, Glutathione Reductase and Glutathione Transferase 7-7 by Lead Nitrate Treatment.- High Affinity P-450 Form for the Metabolic Activation of DEN in Liver of Acetone-Induced Rats but not of Hamsters.- Genotoxicity of Chloroethanes and Structure Activity Relationships.- Genetical and Biochemical Studies on Three Halogenated Ethanes.- "In Vivo" Interaction of Methionine and Cysteine Sulfur with Rat Liver tRNA.- Synthesis and Secretion of Cathepsin D in Normal And Tumor Human Cells.- Relationship Between Cell Proliferation and Cell Death.- An in Vitro Model for Apoptosis: Uptake a...

Relativistic Effects on Periodic Trends.- Atoms.- Relativistic Atomic Structure and Electron-Atom Collisions.- On the Accuracy of Oscillator Strengths.- Atomic Structure Calculations in Breit-Pauli Approximation.- Relativistic Calculations of Parity Non-Conserving Effects in Atoms.- High Precision Relativistic Atomic Structure Calculations Using the Finite Basis Set Approximation.- Relativistic Calculations of Electron Impact Ionisation Cross-Sections of Highly Charged Ions.- Molecules.- Nonsingular Relativistic Perturbation Theory and Relativistic Changes of Molecular Structure.- Basis Set Expansion Dirac-Fock SCF Calculations and MBPT Refinement.- Comments.- Polyatomic Molecular Dirac-Hartree-Fock Calculations with Gaussian Basis Sets.- Open Shell Relativistic Molecular Dirac-Hartree-Fock SCF-Program.- General Contraction in Four-Component Relativistic Hartree-Fock Calculations.- Accurate Relativistic Dirac-Fock and MBPT Calculations on Argon with Basis Sets of Contracted Gaussian Functions.- Comments.- Relativistic Many-Body Perturbation Theory of Atomic and Molecular Electronic Structure.- Solid State.- Relativistic Density-Functional Theory for Electrons in Solids.- Influence of Relativistic Effects on the Magnetic Moments and Hyperfine Fields of 5d-Impurity Atoms Dissolved in Ferromagnetic Fe.- Relativistic Spin-Polarized Density-Functional Theory: Simplified Method for Fully Relativistic Calculations.- Theory of Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy.- The Spin Polarized Photoemission from Non-Magnetic Metals.- Theory of Magnetic X-Ray Dichroism.- Participants.

1: Fundamentals.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Data Aquisition.- Map Construction.- Interpolation.- 1.3 Spatial Sampling.- 1.4 Reference and Reference-Dependence.- 1.5 Map Display Methods.- Scaling and Floating Voltage Scales.- Summary Maps.- 1.6 Identification of Topographic Features.- 1.7 Spike Mapping.- 1.8 Post-Processing.- Analog Front-end.- Digital Filtering.- Reference Manipulation.- Statistical Mapping.- Global Field Power.- Correlation Analysis.- Source Localization.- 1.9 Frequency Analysis.- 2: Source Modelling and Analysis.- 2.1 Concepts of a Source.- 2.2 Physical Model.- 2.3 Inverse Solution.- 2.4 Stability of Dipole Solutions.- 2.5 Data Characterization.- 3: Magnetoencephalography.- 3.1 Instrumentation.- 3.2 Meg Measurements and Generators.- Meg Generators.- Regional Generators.- The Inverse Problem for MEG.- 3.3 Spontaneous MEG Rhythms.- 3.4 Review of MEG Studies.- 3.5 Concerns and Outlook.- 4: Statistical Approaches.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Assumptions and Difficulties.- 4.3 Normative Data.- 4.4 Statistical Comparisons.- 4.5 Classification.- 4.6 Exploratory vs. Confirmatory Analysis.- 5: Selected Normative Data.- Flash VEP.- Pattern Reversal VEP.- P300 AEP.- Resting EEG.- References.

1. Mechanical Systems.- 2. State, Energy and Power.- 3. Stabilization.- 4. Global Pattern of Steady States.- 5. Collision and Capture.- 6. Avoidance.- 7. Adaptive Tracking Control.- 8. Dynamic Games.- References.

I. Electron Transfer Reactions.- 1. Electron Transfer: General and Theoretical.- 1.1. Overview and General Aspects of Reactions in Fluid Media.- 1.2. Electronic Coupling (Ke1).- 1.2.1. The Distance Dependence of Electron Transfer Rates.- 1.2.2. Electric and Magnetic Field Effects on Electronic Coupling and Related Problems of Photoinduced Electron Transfer.- 1.3. The Free-Energy Dependence of Electron Transfer Reactions: The "Inverted Region" Problem.- 1.4. The Effects of Solvent Dynamics.- 1.5. Metal-to-Metal and Ligand-to-Ligand Charge Transfer ("Inter-valence" Transfer).- 2. Redox Reactions between Two Metal Complexes.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Reactions of Metal Aqua and Oxo Ions.- 2.2.1. Titanium.- 2.2.2. Vanadium and Chromium.- 2.2.3. Iron.- 2.2.4. Molybdenum and Tungsten.- 2.3. Reactions of Metal Ion Complexes.- 2.3.1. Chromium.- 2.3.2. Manganese.- 2.3.3. Iron, Ruthenium, and Osmium.- 2.3.4. Cobalt and Rhodium.- 2.3.5. Nickel, Palladium, and Platinum.- 2.3.6. Copper and Silver.- 2.3.7. Technetium and Rhenium.- 2.3.8. Ytterbium.- 2.4. Reactions with Metalloproteins.- 2.4.1. Introduction.- 2.4.2. Copper Proteins.- 2.4.3. Hemoglobin and Myoglobin.- 2.4.4. Cytochromes.- 2.4.5. Iron-Sulfur Proteins.- 3. Metal-Ligand Redox Reactions.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Oxygen, Peroxide, and Other Oxygen Compounds.- 3.2.1. Dioxygen.- 3.2.2. Hydrogen Peroxide.- 3.2.3. Alkyl Hydroperoxides.- 3.3. Nitrogen Compounds and Oxyanions.- 3.3.1. Hydrazine, Azides, Hydroxylamines, and Derivatives.- 3.3.2. Oxynitrogen Compounds.- 3.3.3. Amines and Nitriles.- 3.4. Sulfur Compounds and Oxyanions.- 3.4.1. Peroxodisulfate and Peroxomonosulfate.- 3.4.2. Sulfur Dioxide and Sulfite Ions.- 3.4.3. Sulfoxides.- 3.4.4. Alkyl Sulfur Compounds.- 3.4.5. Selenium, Tellurium, and Elemental Sulfur.- 3.5. Halogen, Halides, and Halogen Oxyanions.- 3.5.1. Halogens.- 3.5.2. Halides.- 3.5.3. Oxyhalogen Compounds.- 3.6. Phosphorus, Arsenic, and Oxycompounds.- 3.6.1. Phosphorus Oxyanions.- 3.6.2. Phosphines and Arsines.- 3.7. Inorganic Radicals.- 3.8. Ascorbic Acid, Quinols, Catechols, and Diols.- 3.8.1. Ascorbic Acid.- 3.8.2. Aromatic Diols and Diones.- 3.8.3. Aromatic and Aliphatic Alcohols.- 3.9. Carboxylic Acids, Carboxylates, Carbon Dioxide, and Carbon Monoxide.- 3.9.1. Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylates.- 3.9.2. Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide.- 3.10. Alkyl Halides.- 3.11. Organic Radicals.- II. Substitution and Related Reactions.- 4. Reactions of Compounds of the Nonmetallic Elements.- 4.1. Boron.- 4.2. Carbon.- 4.3. Silicon.- 4.4. Germanium.- 4.5. Nitrogen.- 4.6. Phosphorus.- 4.7. Arsenic.- 4.8. Oxygen.- 4.9. Sulfur.- 4.10. Selenium and Tellurium.- 4.11. Halogens, Krypton, and Xenon.- 4.11.1. Fluorine.- 4.11.2. Chlorine.- 4.11.3. Bromine.- 4.11.4. Iodine.- 4.11.5. Krypton and Xenon.- 4.12. Oscillating Reactions.- 5. Substitution Reactions of Inert-Metal Complexes-Coordination Numbers 4 and 5.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Associative Ligand Exchange at Square-Planar Platinum(II).- 5.3. Associative Ligand Exchange at Square-Planar Palladium(II).- 5.4. Ligand Exchange at Platinum(II) by Dissociative Processes.- 5.5. Ligand Exchange at Nickel.- 5.6. Reactions of Planar Ir(I), Rh(I), Au(III), and Cu(II) Complexes.- 5.7. Five-Coordinate Species.- 5.8.TransEffect.- 5.9. Isomerizations.- 6. Substitution Reactions of Inert-Metal Complexes-Coordination Numbers 6 and Above: Chromium.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. Aquation and Solvolysis of Chromium(III) Complexes.- 6.2.1. [Cr(III)(L5)X]n+1Systems (L = OH2, NH3).- 6.2.2. Cr(III)-C Bond Rupture.- 6.2.3. Amine and Other Complexes.- 6.2.4. Dechelation/Chelation Processes.- 6.2.5. Metal-Ion-Assisted Aquation.- 6.2.6. Porphyrins.- 6.3. Formation of Chromium(III) Complexes.- 6.3.1. The Nature of the Cr3+Cation in Aqueous Solution.- 6.3.2. Anation Reactions.- 6.4. Base Hydrolysis.- 6.5. Oxidation and Reduction of Cr(III) Complexes.- 6.6. Isomerization and Racemization.- 6.7. Photochemistry and Photophysics of Chromium(III) Complexes.-...

Mutations and Carcinogenicity.- Mutation Spectrum in Carcinogenicity.- Mechanisms of Chemically-Induced Genetic Effects on Molecular, Chromosomal and Cell Division Level.- Ultraviolet Light Mutagenesis in Bacteria: The Possible Role of a DNA Polymerase III Complex Lacking Proofreading Exonuclease.- Centromere Separation: Emerging Relationship with Aneuploidy.- Genetic Analysis of Genotoxic Effects on Chromosomes and Cell Division in Lower Eukaryotes.- DNA Repair and the Recombination Barrier between Divergent (Homologous) Chromosomes.- Consequences of Altering Tubulin Levels in Yeast.- A Genetic Assay Using Rodent/Human Hybrid Cells to Evaluate the Genotoxic Effects of Chemicals for Multiple Endpoints.- Aneuploidy in Humans.- Adaptability and Repair Mechanisms.- The Adaptive Response to Alkylation Damage in Escherichia coli.- The Adaptive Response of Human Lymphocytes to Radiation or Chemical Mutagens: Cross-Adaptation and Synergism.- Evolving Mutation Rates and Prospects for Antimutagenesis.- Genetic Analysis of DNA Repair Defect in Xeroderma Pigmentosum Cells: Identification of Complementing Genes.- Chemical Carcinogenesis-Oncogenes.- Outline of a Descriptive General Theory of Environmental Chemical Cancerogenesis - Experimental Threshold Doses for Tumor Promoters.- The Interaction of Steroid Hormones and Oncogenes in the Establishment of Malignancy.- The Relationship between DNA-Alkali-Labile Sites and Carcinogenesis in Mammalian Cells.- Structure and Metabolism of Mutagens-Carcinogens.- Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships, and Mutagens and Carcinogens.- Enzymic Aspects on the Metabolic Activation of Aromatic and Heterocyclic Amine Mutagensin Mammalian and Bacterial Cells.- Biomonitoring and Epidemiology of Humans Exposed to Environmental Mutagens-Carcinogens.- Current Techniques for Human Population Monitoring for Genetic Effects.- Use of Aquatic Animals for Monitoring Genotoxicity in Unconcentrated Water Samples.- Cytogenetic Monitoring of Industrial Workers Exposed to Chemicals.- Monitoring Congenital Anomalies in Populations Exposed to Environmental Mutagens.- European Community Research on Genetic Effects of Environmental Chemicals and on Biomonitoring of Human Exposure.- Contributors.

Opening Lecture.- The Champions of the Universe.- Theoretical Lectures.- Dark Matter.- Polarized Electroproduction and the Spin of the Quarks inside the Proton.- Quantum Chromodynamics of Hadron Jets.- Considerations on the Moduli Space of Calabi-Yau Manifolds.- Exotic Signatures from Supersymmetry.- Baby Universes and the Cosmological Constant Problem.- Recent Ideas on the Cosmological Constant Problem.- Review Lectures.- Quantum Strings and the Constants of Nature.- The LAA Project - Second Year of Activity.- Seminars on Specialized Topics.- A Crucial Test for QCD: The Time-like E.M. Form Factors of the Neutron.- Challenges to Quantum Chromodynamics: Anomalous Spin, Heavy Quark, and Nuclear Phenomena.- Prizes and Scholarships.- Participants.

Section I Selected Aquatic Plant Organisms.- Dasycladaceae: A Family of Giant unicellular Algae Ideal for Research.- Acetabularia: A Giant Unicellular Organism for Studying Polarity.- Model Algal System to Study Plant Development.- Section II Selected Aquatic Animal Organisms.- Experimental Analysis of Developmental Processes in Marine Hydroids.- Reproduction and Development in Ctenophores.- Descriptive and Experimental Embryology of the Turbellaria: Present Knowledge, Open Questions and Future Trends.- Growth, Degrowth and Regeneration as Developmental Phenomena in Adult Freshwater Planarians.- Genealogy, Geometry and Genes: Experimental Embryology of Caenorhabditis elegans.- Gap Junctional Communication and Cell Cycle Duration in the Early Molluscan Embryo.- In vitro Preparation of the Early Squid Blastoderm.- On the Establishment of Polarity in Polychaete Eggs.- Experimental Embryology in Leeches: Cellular and Molecular Approaches.- Practical Approaches to the Study of Nervous System Development in Hirudinid Leeches.- Starfish Oocytes and Sea Urchin Eggs as Models to Study the Intracellular Mechanisms Controlling the Cell Division Cycle.- Morphogenesis in the Sea Urchin Embryo: Mechanism of Gastrulation.- Fertilization in Aquatic Animals.- Patterns of Gene Expression during Ascidian Development.- Some Contributions of Research on Early Teleost Embryogenesis to General Problems of Development.- Gastrulation in the Zebrafish Brachydanio rerio (Teleostei) as seen in the Scanning Electron Microscope.- Section III Historical and Conceptual Aspects of "Causal Embryology".- L'Epigenèse et la Préformation à l'Epoque de l'Embryologie Causale.- Section IV Contributions of General Value to Embryological Research.- The Role of Retinoic Acid in Vertebrate Limb Morphogenesis.- Physiological Approach to the Early Embryogenesis.- Environmental Pollution and Embryonic Development: Relevance of Standardized Toxicological Tests.- Participants Photo.- Author Index.

I LECTURES - Banff NATO ASI Physics, Geometry & Topology.- Field Theory Methods and Strongly Correlated Electrons.- Braid Statistics in Three-Dimensional Local Quantum Theory.- On the Algebraic Structure of the BRST Symmetry.- Black Hole Quantization and a Connection to String Theory.- An Introduction to General Topology and Quantum Topology.- Topics in Planar Physics.- to Conformal Field Theory and Infinite Dimensional Algebras.- Lectures on RCFT.- Chern-Simons Gauge Theory and the Spin-Statistics Connection in Two Dimensional Quantum Mechanics.- Yang-Baxter Algebras, Integrable Theories and Quantum Groups.- Symmetry and Functional Integration.- Topological Aspects of the Quantum Hall Effect.- II SEMINARS - Workshop on Physics, Braids & Links.- The Nonabelian Chern-Simons Term with Sources and Braid Source Statistics.- The Quantum Group Method of Quantising the Special Linear Group SL(2, C).- 2+1 Dimensional Quantum Gravity and the Braid Group.- Finite Renormalization of Chern-Simons Gauge Theory.- A New Family of N-State Representations of the Braid Group.- Link Polynomials and Solvable Models.- Integrable Restrictions of Quantum Soliton Theory and Minimal Conformal Series.- Tangles, Links and Twisted Quantum Groups.- Participants (Group photo, pg 656).

1 Aspartate Transcarbamylase.- 2 Molecular Genetics: Regulation of Aspartate Transcarbamylase Biosynthesis.- 3 Purification of Aspartate Transcarbamylase and Its Subunits.- 4 Structural and Physicochemical Study of Aspartate Transcarbamylase.- 5 Enzymatic Catalysis and Regulation.- 6 Complementary Experiments.- 1. Equations and Units.- 2. Molar Mass and Molecular Mass.- 3. Units of Catalytic Activity.- 4. Units of Radioactivity.- 5. Units of Quantity.- 7. Calculation of Acceleration.- 8. Bacterial Strains.- 9. Solutions and Reagents.- 9.1. 0.8-M Tris-Acetate Buffer, pH 8.- 9.2. 0.2-M Acetic Acid.- 9.6. Elution Buffer for Chromatography: 10 × Stock Solution.- 9.7. 100-mM Aspartate, pH 8.- 9.8. 10-mM Carbamylaspartate, pH 8.- 9.9. 1-M Phosphate Buffer, pH 7.2.- 9.10. Buffer for Dilution of E.- 9.11. Buffer for Dilution of C.- 9.12. Buffer for Dilution of R and Recombination.- 9.13. 200-mM Cacodylate Buffer, pH 6, 7, and 7.5.- 9.14. 200-mM Tris-Acetate Buffer, pH 8 and 9.- 9.15. 200-mM Glycine Buffer, pH 10.- 9.16. 400-mM Succinate, pH 7.- 9.17. Reaction Medium: 20-mM CAP-200-mM Tris-Acetate, pH 8.- 10. Preparation of Standard Protein Mixtures for Column Calibration.- Answers To Questions.- References.

Triazenes: Synthesis and Chemical Properties.- Mechanisms of the Biological Actions of Triazenes.- Triazenes and Triazene N-Oxides: Antitumour Action in Animal Tumour Systems.- Antimestastatic Action of Triazene Derivatives.- Effects of Triazenes on Immune Responses.- Xenogenization of Experimental Tumors by Triazene Derivatives.- The Metabolism of Antineoplastic Triazenes.- Notes on the Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Mode of Action of N-Methyl and N-Ethyl-Triazenes in Relation to Their Pharmacological Activity.- Clinical Use of Triazenes.- Clinical Studies with the p-Carboxyl-Dimethyl-Phenyl-Triazene CB10-277.- Triazenes: Therapeutic Considerations and Perspectives.- Antitumor Imidazotetrazines: Prodrugs Targeted to the Major Groove of DNA.- O6-Alkylguanine-DNA-Alkyltransferase Gene Expression and the Cytotoxicity of Triazenes.- N-Methylmelamines, a Unique Class of Anti-Tumour Agents?.- Experimental Background and Early Clinical Studies with Imidazotetrazine Derivatives.- 'O6-Alkylguanine-DNA-Alkyltransferase: Significance, Methods of Measurement and Some Human Tumor and Normal Tissue Levels' (Contributions of the Workshop).- Summary of Poster-Sessions.- Contributors.

1 Biochemical, Immunological, and Molecular Markers of Hemopoietic Precursor Cells.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Biochemical Markers.- 2.1. Terminal Deoxynucleotide Transferase.- 2.2. Enzymes in Nucleotide Metabolism.- 3. Immunological Markers.- 4. Molecular Markers.- 5. Analysis of Human Hemopoietic Ontogenesis by Immunological and Molecular Markers.- 6. New Opportunities for Immunological and Molecular Markers: Minimal Residual Disease Detection and Therapeutical Approaches.- 7. References.- 2 Cell Surface Markers in Leukemia and Lymphoma.- 1. Introduction.- 2. B Cells.- 2.1. Normal B-Cell Ontogeny.- 2.2. B-Cell Leukemias and Lymphomas.- 3. T Cells.- 3.1. Normal T-Cell Ontogeny.- 3.2. T-Cell Leukemias and Lymphomas.- 4. Myeloid Cells.- 4.1. Normal Myeloid Ontogeny.- 4.2. Myeloid Leukemias.- 5. Summary.- 6. References.- 3 Cytoskeletal Organization of Normal and Leukemic Lymphocytes and Lymphoblasts.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Microfilaments in Normal and Leukemic Lymphocytes and Lymphoblasts.- 2.1. Actin and Actin-Associated Proteins in Nonmuscle Cells.- 2.2. Actin Isoforms.- 2.3. Organization of Actin in Normal Lymphocytes.- 2.4. Interactions between Actin and Surface Antigens in Lymphocytes.- 2.5. Actin in Leukemic Lymphocytes and Lymphoblasts.- 3. Intermediate-Size Filaments in Normal and Leukemic Lymphocytes and Lymphoblasts.- 3.1. The Intermediate Filament System.- 3.2. Distribution of Vimentin in Lymphocytes in Normal Conditions.- 3.3. Vimentin in Neoplastic Lymphocytes and Lymphoblasts.- 3.4. Expression of Cytokeratin in Lymphoid Tissues.- 4. Microtubules in Lymphoid Cells.- 5. Organization of Spectrin in Lymphocytes.- 6. Conclusions.- 7. References.- 4 Signaling Events in T-Lymphocyte-Dependent B-Lymphocyte Activation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. B-Cell Antigen Receptor-Mediated Signaling.- 3. Molecular Bases of T-Cell-Mediated B-Cell Signaling.- 4. Biological Evidence for Ia-Mediated Signal Transduction.- 5. Biochemical Evidence for Ia-Mediated Signal Transduction.- 6. Conclusions.- 7. References.- 5 IgE Receptors on Lymphocytes and IgE-Binding Factors.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Historical Overview.- 3. Fc?RII on Lymphocytes.- 3.1. Fc?RII-Bearing Cells.- 3.2. Function of Fc?RII.- 3.3. Molecular Properties of Fc?RII.- 3.4. Regulation of Fc?RII Expression on Lymphocytes.- 4. IgE-Binding Factors.- 4.1. Rat.- 4.2. Murine.- 4.3. Human.- 5. Glycosylation-Regulating Factors: GEF and GIF.- 5.1. Rat.- 5.2. Murine.- 6. Interleukin 4 and Gamma Interferon.- 7. CD23 Antigen.- 8. Conclusion.- 9. References.- 6 Lymphocyte-Mediated Cytolysis: Role of Granule Mediators.- 1. Role of Granules and Perform in Lymphocyte-Mediated Killing.- 1.1. The Granule Exocytosis or Secretion Model for Cell Killing.- 1.2. Cytoplasmic Granules and Perform as Mediators of Cytotoxicity.- 1.3. A Family of Serine Esterases Localized in Lymphocyte Granules.- 1.4. Proteoglycans.- 1.5. Leukalexins and Cytokines Related to Tumor Necrosis Factor and Lymphotoxin.- 2. Other Candidate Mechanisms of Lymphocyte-Mediated Killing.- 3. Resistance of Lymphocytes to Self-Mediated Killing.- 4. Conclusion.- 5. References.- 7 CR1-Cytoskeleton Interactions in Neutrophils.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Detergent Extraction of Cells.- 3. Receptor-Cytoskeleton Interactions.- 4. The C3b Receptor (CR1).- 5. References.- 8 The Flow of Granular Organelles in Leukocyte Differentiation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Biogenesis of Membrane-Bound Organelles.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Endoplasmic Reticulum.- 2.3. Golgi Complex.- 2.4. Lysosomes.- 2.5. Communication between Compartments: Endosomes.- 2.6. Secretory Granules.- 3. Leukocyte Granules are Major Determinants of Function.- 3.1. Neutrophils.- 3.2. Platelets.- 3.3. Cytotoxic Lymphocytes.- 4. Granules Interact with the Plasma Membrane.- 4.1. Neutrophils.- 4.2. Platelets.- 5. Pathology of Myeloid Granules and Plasma Membranes.- 5.1. Nonneoplastic.- 5.2. Leukemic.- 6. Conclusion.- 7. References.- 9 The Elusive Oxidase: The Respiratory Burst Oxidase of Human Phagocytes...

1 The Genetics of Paramyxoviruses.- I. Introduction: The Genome Strategy of the Paramyxoviruses.- II. Genome Organization.- A. Genome Structure and function.- B. Coding Potential.- III. Genetic Interactions.- A. Absence of Genetic Recombination.- B. Complementation Analysis with Conditional Lethal Mutants.- C. Other Mutants.- IV. Analysis of Gene function.- A. Transport and Glycosylation of the G Glycoprotein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus.- B. Membrane Interactions of the F1 Polypeptide of SV5.- C. Gene-Specific Hypermutation in Measles Virus.- V Prospects.- VI. References.- 2 The Molecular Biology of the Paramyxovirus Genus.- I. Introduction.- A. History.- B. General Properties.- II. Virus Structure.- A. Morphology.- B. Virion Envelope and Envelope-Associated Proteins.- C. Internal Virion and Nonstructural Proteins.- III. Viral Replication.- A. Adsorption, Penetration, and Uncoating.- B. Molecular Organization of the Genome.- C. Transcription.- D. Genome Replication.- IV References.- 3 The Molecular Biology of the Morbilliviruses.- I. Introduction.- II. Genome Structure and Replication Strategy.- III. Genetic Relationships among the Morbilliviruses.- A. Nucleocapsid Protein Gene.- B. The Phosphoprotein Gene.- C. Matrix Protein Gene.- D. Fusion Protein Gene.- E. The Hemagglutinin Protein Gene.- F. The L Protein Gene.- IV. Function of the 5? and 3? Untranslated Regions.- V. Diagnosis Using Molecular Techniques.- VI. Morbillivirus Vaccines.- VII. Conclusions.- VIII. References.- 4 The Molecular Biology of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) of the Genus Pneumovirus.- I. Introduction.- II. Structures of the RSV Virion, RNAs, and Proteins.- A. Virion Structure.- B. Overview: Identification of Genomic RNA (vRNA), mRNAs, and Proteins.- C. Genetic Map of Strain A2.- D. Structures of the mRNAs.- E. Sequence Diversity among RSV Strains: Antigenic Subgroups.- F. Structures of the RSV Proteins.- III. RSV Replication.- A. Attachment, Penetration, and Growth Cycle.- B. vRNA Transcription.- C. vRNA Replication.- D. Virion Morphogenesis.- IV. Evolutionary Relationships.- A. RSV Antigenic Subgroups.- B. Relationships with Other Paramyxoviruses.- V. Conclusions.- VI. References.- 5 Evolutionary Relationships of Paramyxovirus Nucleocapsid-Associated Proteins.- I. Introduction.- A. Paramyxovirus Nucleocapsid Structure.- B. Functions of Nucleocapsid-Associated Proteins.- II. Sequence Analyses of Nucleocapsid Proteins.- A. NP Proteins.- B. L Proteins.- C. P Proteins.- III. Conclusions.- IV. References.- 6 The Nonstructural Proteins of Paramyxoviruses.- I. Introduction.- II. Paramyxovirus C Proteins.- A. Identification in Infected Cells.- B. The P and C Proteins are Encoded in Overlapping Reading Frames.- C. Multiple Initiation Codons on One mRNA.- D. Initiation Codon Consensus Sequences and the Scanning Hypothesis.- E. Subcellular Localization and Possible Function of Sendai Virus C Proteins.- F. When is a Nonstructural Protein a Structural Protein?.- G. Identification of C Proteins of Parinfluenza Virus 3, Measles Virus, and CDV.- III. Paramyxovirus Cysteine-Rich Proteins.- A. Identification of the Polypeptide and Its Gene in SV5.- B. Assignment of Coding Regions.- C. Strategy by Which P and V are Encoded.- D. Mechanism for the Addition of Extra Nucleotides to mRNAs.- E. Conservation of the Cysteine-Rich Region of Protein V in Paramyxoviruses.- F. Prediction of Cysteine-Rich Polypeptides and mRNAs with Extra Nucleotides in All Paramyxoviruses.- G. Identification of the Nonstructural Protein V and Its mRNAs in Other Paramyxoviruses.- H. Function of the Paramyxovirus Cysteine-Rich Protein V?.- IV. Paramyxovirus Small Hydrophobic (SH) Proteins.- A. Identification of the Polypeptide and Its Gene in SV5.- B. The SH Gene of Mumps Virus.- V Sendai Virus Nonstructural Polypeptide B: Intracellularly Phosphorylated Matrix Protein.- VI. Prospects.- VII. References.- 7 Paramyxovirus RNA Synthesis and P Gene Expression.- I. Paramyxovirus RNA Synthesis...

Lectures.- Some Stochastic Techniques in Quantization, New Developments in Markov Fields and Quantum Fields.- Random Surfaces: A Non-perturbative Regularization of Strings?.- From Lattice Gauge Theory Towards Gravity.- Geometric Continuum Regularization of Quantum Field Theory.- Quantization = Geometry + Probability.- Simulation of Staggered Fermions by Polymer Algorithms.- All Gauge Orbits and Some Gribov Copies Encompassed by the Gribov Horizon.- Lattice Gauge Theories.- Beyond the Gribov Horizon in the Femto Universe.- The O (N)-symmetric Non-linear ?-model to Three Leading Orders in 1/N.- Simulations of Lattice QCD with Dynamical Fermions.- Stochastic Overrelaxation Algorithms and Critical Slowing down.- Slave Equations for Connected Correlation Functions.- The Monomer-Dimer Algorithm and QCD at Finite Density.- The Theory of Hybrid Stochastic Algorithms.- Numerical Investigation of Four-Dimensional Field Theories.- Quantum Gravity.- Probabilit?, Time and Gravity.- Simplicial Quantum Gravity from Two to Four Dimensions.- BRS Symmetry in Stochastic Quantization of the Gravitational Field.- Solved and Unsolved Problems in the Stochastic Quantization of Gravity.- Brs Symmetry and Supersymmetry in Stochastic Quantization.- Hidden BRST Symmetry and Large N.- On Gauge Invariances in Stochastic Quantization.- Critical Dynamics, Stochastic Quantization and Supersymmetry.- Renormalization in Stochastic Quantization and Supersymmetry.- Random Walks and Random Surfaces.- Random Walk Representation of Propagators for Particles with Spin.- The Critical Behavior of a Nontrivial Random Surface Model.- Random Surfaces with Ising Spins.- The Use of Fourier Acceleration in the Langevin Simulation of Random Surfaces.- Miscellany.- Path Integral Approach to Classical Mechanics.- An Approach to Quantum Field Theory Through Stochastic Equations.- Remarks on the Renormalisation of Fermions Coupled to Gauge Fields in the Zwanziger Gauge.- The Parisi-Wu Method and Quantum Chaos.- Participants.

1. Homopolymer Structure and Behavior.- 1.1. High Polymers.- 1.2. Molecular Size and Shape.- 1.2.1. Chain Conformation.- 1.2.2. Chain Entanglement.- 1.3. Molecular Structure.- 1.3.1. Configurations of Polymer Chains.- 1.3.2. Stereo and Geometrical Isomerism.- 1.3.3. Random Branching.- 1.3.4. Nonrandom Branching.- 1.3.5. Crosslinking.- 1.4. Crystallinity and Order.- 1.4.1. Fringed Micelle Model.- 1.4.2. Folded-Chain Single Crystals.- 1.4.3. Extended-Chain Crystals.- 1.4.4.Spherulites.- 1.5. Mechanical Response: Elasticity and Viscoelasticity.- 1.5.1. Molecular and Segmental Motion.- 1.5.2. Modulus-Temperature Behavior.- 1.5.3. Five Regions of Viscoelastic Behavior.- 1.5.4. Rubberlike Elasticity.- 1.5.5. Dynamic Mechanical Spectroscopy.- 1.5.6. Stress-Relaxation and Creep Behavior.- 1.5.7. Time-Temperature Relationship.- 1.6. Energetics and Mechanics of Fracture.- 1.6.1. General Approach to Fracture.- 1.6.2. Energy Balance in Fracture.- 1.6.3. Viscoelastic Rupture of Elastomers.- 1.7. Mechanical Testing of Polymers.- 1.7.1. Stress-Strain and Fracture Behavior.- 1.7.2. Impact Strength.- 1.7.3. Fatigue.- Appendix A. Polymer Synthesis.- Appendix B. Basic Mechanical Properties and Relationships.- Bibliography of Polymer Books and Journals.- 2. General Behavior of Polymer Mixtures.- 2.1. Methods of Mixing Polymer Pairs.- 2.1.1. Polymer Blends.- 2.1.2. Graft Copolymers.- 2.1.3. Block Copolymers.- 2.1.4. Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPN's).- 2.2. Interdiffusion.- 2.3. Nomenclature.- 2.4. Electron Microscopy.- 2.5. The Incompatibility Problem.- 2.5.1. Thermodynamics of Mixing.- 2.5.2. Polymer-Polymer Phase Diagrams.- 2.6. Bulk Behavior of Two-Phase Polymeric Materials.- 2.6.1. Glass Transitions.- 2.6.2. Modulus-Temperature Behavior of Model Polyblends.- 2.6.3. Stress-Relaxation Behavior.- 2.6.4. The Takayanagi Models.- 2.6.5. Free Volume Model.- 2.6.6. Other Models.- 2.6.7. Morphology-Modulus Interrelationships.- 2.7. Analogy between Polymer Blends and Crystalline Homopolymers.- 2.8. Polymer Blend Chronology.- Appendix A. Counterpart Phase Separation Characteristics of Metallic Alloys and Inorganic Glasses.- Bibliography of Polymer Blend Symposia.- 3. Rubber-Toughened Plastics.- 3.1. Synthesis and Morphology.- 3.1.1. Impact-Resistant Polystyrene.- 3.1.1.1. Solution-Type Graft Copolymers.- 3.1.1.2. Phase Inversion.- 3.1.1.3. Grafting vs. Mechanical Entrapment.- 3.1.2. ABS Resins.- 3.1.2.1. Emulsion Polymerization.- 3.1.2.2. Structure of the Latex Grafts.- 3.1.3. Origin of the Cell Structure.- 3.1.4. Poly(vinyl chloride) Blends.- 3.1.5. Mixed Latex Blends.- 3.2. Physical and Mechanical Behavior of Polyblends.- 3.2.1. The Effect of Compatibility on Transition Behavior.- 3.2.2. Impact Resistance and Deformation.- 3.2.2.1. Impact Behavior.- 3.2.2.2. Tensile and Creep Behavior.- 3.2.2.3. Fatigue Behavior.- 3.2.3. Toughening Mechanisms.- 3.2.3.1. Crazing and Shear Phenomena.- 3.2.3.2. Characteristics of the Rubber.- 3.3. Optical Properties of Polyblends.- 3.4. Oxidation and Weathering of Polyblends.- 4. Diblock and Triblock Copolymers.- 4.1. Synthesis.- 4.1.1. Dilithium Initiators.- 4.1.2. Mechanochemical Methods.- 4.2. Solution Behavior of Block Copolymers.- 4.3. Plastic Compositions.- 4.4. Thermoplastic Elastomers.- 4.5. Long-Range Domain Order.- 4.6. Thermodynamics of Domain Characteristics.- 4.7. Thermodynamic Criteria for Phase Separation.- 4.7.1. Zeroth Approximation.- 4.7.2. Dilute Solution Approach.- 4.7.3. Diffusion Equation Approach.- 4.8. Effect of Solvent Casting on Morphology.- 4.9. Effect of Deformation on Morphology.- 4.10. Mixtures of A-B Blocks with A and B Mechanical Blends.- 4.11. Rheological Behavior of Block Copolymers.- 5. Multiblock Copolymers, Including Ionomers.- 5.1. Segmented Polyurethane Elastomers.- 5.1.1. Modulus and Swelling Behavior.- 5.1.2. Stress-Strain Behavior.- 5.1.3. Stress-Optical Behavior.- 5.1.4. Tensile Strength and Abrasion Resistance.- 5.1.5. Some Generalizations.- 5.2. Carboxylic Rubbers an...

Extrusion.- Study of Flow Through Conical Converging Dies.- Selection of Operating Parameters to Prevent Central Bursting Defects During Cold Extrusion.- The Effect of Material Properties on Tension Zone and Boundary Shear-Stress in Extrusion.- Application of Visioplasticity Techniques to Axisymmetric Extrusions.- The Extrusion of Rate Sensitive Materials.- Deformation Criteria for Predicting the Cold-Extrusion Pressures of Metals.- Drawing and Sheet Metal Forming.- The Effect of Homogeneity on the Formability of 7000 Series Aluminum Alloys for Cartridge Cases.- Effect of Plastic Anisotropy on Drawing Characteristics of Aluminum Alloy Sheet.- Analyses of Deformation and Texture as Functions of Fabrication in Mandrel-Drawn Tubing.- Experimental Evaluation of Theoretically Ideal Drawing Dies.- The Application of the Avitzur Upper Bound Equation to Tungsten Wire Drawing and Its Use in Die-Line Design.- Forming Loads and Friction.- Computer Simulation to Predict Load, Stress, and Metal Flow in an Axisymmetric Closed-Die Forging.- The Validity of Simulating Tests in Evaluating Lubricants for Deformation Processes.- A New Method for the Determination of Material Flow Stress Values under Metalworking Conditions.- Force Requirements and Friction in Warm Working Operations.- Workability.- Theories and Experiments on Friction, Deformation, and Fracture in Plastic Deformation Processes.- The Use of Workability Test Results to Predict Processing Limits.- Hot Workability Testing Techniques.- Simulation of Extrusion Structures by Means of Torsion Testing for a High Strength Nickel-Base Alloy, Udimet 700.- Prediction and Effects of Material Damage During Deformation Processing.- The Relationship Between Superplasticity and Formability.

I. Introduction.- II. Roentgenographic-Histologic Patterns of Calcification in Thyroid Nodules.- III. In Vitro Phantom Experiment - A Basic Study on the Application of Soft Tissue Roentgenography for the Roentgenographic Demonstration of Intrathyroidal Calcification.- IV. Roentgenographic Technique.- V. Roentgenographic Anatomy of the Neck.- VI. Clinical Application and Results.- VII. Case Reports.- References.

1 Base oils from petroleum.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Base oil composition.- 1.2.1 Components of crude oil.- 1.2.2 Characteristics of the hydrocarbons for lubricant performance.- 1.2.3 Crude oil selection for base oil manufacture.- 1.3 Products and specifications.- 1.3.1 Physical properties.- 1.3.2 Chemical properties.- 1.3.3 Base oil categories.- 1.4 Conventional base oil manufacturing methods.- 1.4.1 Historic methods.- 1.4.2 Base oil manufacture in a modern refinery.- 1.4.3 Base oil production economics.- 1.4.4 Distillation.- 1.4.5 De-asphalting.- 1.4.6 Solvent extraction.- 1.4.7 Solvent de-waxing.- 1.4.8 Finishing.- 1.5 Modern catalytic processes.- 1.5.1 Severe hydrotreatment.- 1.5.2 Special base oils from hydrocracking.- 1.5.3 Special base oils by wax isomerisation.- 1.5.4 Catalytic de-waxing.- 1.6 Future developments.- References.- 2 Synthetic base fluids.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Polyalphaolefins.- 2.2.1 Free radical oligomerisation.- 2.2.2 Ziegler catalysed oligomerisation.- 2.2.3 Friedel-Crafts catalysed oligomerisation.- 2.3 Alkylated aromatics.- 2.3.1 Introduction.- 2.3.2 Production and general properties.- 2.3.3 Applications.- 2.4 Polybutenes.- 2.4.1 Introduction.- 2.4.2 Production and general chemical properties.- 2.4.3 Application of PIB fluids.- 2.5 Synthetic esters.- 2.5.1 Introduction.- 2.5.2 Ester types.- 2.5.3 Manufacture of esters.- 2.5.4 Physicochemical properties of ester lubricants.- 2.5.5 Application areas.- 2.5.6 Future trends.- 2.6 Polyalkylene glycols.- 2.6.1 Introduction.- 2.6.2 Production.- 2.6.3 Chemistry.- 2.6.4 Key properties.- 2.6.5 Applications.- 2.7 Phosphate esters.- 2.7.1 Introduction.- 2.7.2 Manufacture.- 2.7.3 Physical and chemical properties.- 2.7.4 Applications.- References.- 3 Detergents/dispersants.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Detergents.- 3.2.1 Sulfonates.- 3.2.2 Phenates/salicylates/phosphonates.- 3.2.3 Detergent classification.- 3.3 Dispersants.- 3.4 Other lubricants.- 3.4.1 Automatic transmission fluids (ATFs).- 3.4.2 Gear lubricants.- 3.4.3 Tractor hydraulic oils.- 3.5 Performance evaluation.- References.- Further reading.- 4 Oxidative degradation and stabilisation of mineral oil based lubricants.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Autoxidation of hydrocarbons.- 4.2.1 Oxidation of hydrocarbons at low temperature (30-120°C).- 4.2.2 Oxidation of hydrocarbons at high temperature (> 120°C).- 4.2.3 Metal catalysed autoxidation of hydrocarbons.- 4.3 Oxidation stability of base oils.- 4.4 Inhibition of oxidative degradation of lubricants.- 4.4.1 Radical scavengers.- 4.4.2 Hydroperoxide decomposers.- 4.4.3 Multifunctional additives.- 4.4.4 Synergism between antioxidants.- 4.5 Application of antioxidants.- 4.5.1 Industrial lubricants.- 4.5.2 Engine oil.- 4.6 Future antioxidant technology.- 4.6.1 Antioxidants for industrial lubricants.- 4.6.2 Antioxidants for engine oils.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 5 Viscosity index improvers and thickeners.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Overview of VI improver chemistry.- 5.3 Chemistry and manufacture of commercial VI improvers.- 5.3.1 Polymethacrylates.- 5.3.2 Olefin copolymers.- 5.3.3 Hydrogenated styrene-diene copolymers.- 5.3.4 Styrene polyester.- 5.3.5 Concentrate-compatible PMA/OCP blends.- 5.4 Function and properties.- 5.4.1 Solution properties.- 5.4.2 Mechanism of function.- 5.4.3 Shear stability.- 5.4.4 Thermal-oxidative stability.- 5.5 Performance.- 5.5.1 Low temperature viscosity.- 5.5.2 High temperature viscosity.- 5.5.3 Deposits.- 5.6 Prognosis for future developments.- References.- 6 Miscellaneous additives.- 6.1 Friction modifiers.- 6.1.1 Introduction.- 6.1.2 Friction and lubricating regimes.- 6.1.3 Friction modifier mechanisms.- 6.1.4 Chemical aspects of friction modifiers.- 6.2 Pour point depressants.- 6.2.1 Low temperature operations.- 6.2.2 Mechanism of pour point depressants.- 6.2.3 Pour point depressant additives.- 6.3 Demulsifiers and antifoams.- 6.3.1 Introduction.- 6.3.2 Emulsion stabilisation.- 6.3.3 Demulsification.- 6.3.4 Demulsifiers.- 6.3.5 Fo

I Structure.- 1 Introduction and the ophiolite model.- 1.1 Historical perspectives.- 1.2 Oceanic lithospheric processes.- 1.3 Concluding statements.- 2 Surveying and sampling the ocean floor.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Surveying the ocean floor.- 2.3 Acoustic systems.- 2.3.1 Multibeam swath bathymetric systems.- 2.3.2 Signal amplitude measurements: side-scan sonar.- 2.4 Deep-sea photography.- 2.5 Geological information from bathymetric mapping: Chile TripLe Junction region.- 2.6 Selecting sampling targets.- 2.7 Sampling methods.- 2.7.1 Dredging.- 2.7.2 Coring.- 2.7.3 Drilling.- 2.7.4 Submersible sampling.- 2.8 Concluding statements.- 3 Structure of the oceanic crust from geophysical measurements.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Ocean basins.- 3.3 Normal oceanic crust.- 3.4 Spreading centres.- 3.5 Fracture zone structure.- 3.6 Oceanic islands and swells.- 3.7 Concluding statements.- 4 Structure of the oceanic crust as deduced from ophiolites.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Alpine-type peridotites: variants and nomenclature.- 4.3 Seismic comparisons between oceanic crust and mantle.- 4.4 Implications for magmatic processes occurring at oceanic ridges.- 4.5 Implications for metamorphic processes occurring in the oceanic crust.- 4.6 Concluding statements.- II Processes.- 5 Mineralogy and crystallization of oceanic basalts.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Quench textures: the consequences of supercooling.- 5.3 Primary mineralogical controls on fractionation pathways of abyssal tholeiites.- 5.3.1 General course of fractionation in abyssal tholeiites: influence of magma chamber mixing.- 5.3.2 Advanced differentiation.- 5.3.3 Role of oxygen fugacity and oxide minerals.- 5.3.4 Apatite and sulphides.- 5.4 Liquid immiscibility and the significance of melt densities.- 5.5 Mantle-crust environments controlling oxygen fugacity.- 5.6 Alkalic magmatic lineages on seamounts.- 5.7 Concluding statements.- 6 Experimental phase petrology of mid-ocean ridge basalts.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Experimental studies at 1 atm.- 6.2.1 Experimental techniques.- 6.2.2 Results from experimental studies of basalts at 1 atm.- 6.2.3 Poorly known aspects of low pressure crystallization.- 6.2.4 Extreme differentiation of MORBs at low pressure.- 6.3 Experimental studies at high pressure.- 6.3.1 Experimental techniques.- 6.3.2 Results from experimental studies at high pressure.- 6.3.3 Poorly known aspects of high pressure equilibria relevant to MORBs.- 6.4 Concluding statements.- 7 Magmatic processes in oceanic ridge and intraplate settings.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Compositional diversity of oceanic magmas.- 7.2.1 Mid-ocean ridge basalt.- 7.2.2 Oceanic island basalt.- 7.3 Phase equilibrium and fluid dynamic constraints.- 7.3.1 Phase equilibria.- 7.3.2 Fluid dynamics.- 7.4 Melt generation: active versus passive.- 7.4.1 Passive melting at 'normal' ridge systems.- 7.4.2 OIB shields: rising mantle jets versus shear melting.- 7.5 Melt transport and storage in the oceanic lithosphere.- 7.5.1 Fractionation mechanisms.- 7.5.2 Mid-ocean ridge fractionation models.- 7.5.3 Intraplate fractionation models.- 7.6 Concluding statements.- 8 Metamorphic and hydrothermal processes: basalt-seawater interactions.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.1.1 Importance of seawater-rock interactions.- 8.1.2 Controls of seawater-rock interactions.- 8.1.3 Effects of seawater-rock interactions.- 8.2 Low temperature alteration.- 8.2.1 Dredged basalts.- 8.2.2 Drilled basalts.- 8.3 High temperature reactions.- 8.3.1 Dredged basalts.- 8.3.2 Experimental evidence.- 8.3.3 Ophiolite evidence.- 8.3.4 Drilled basalts.- 8.4 Concluding statements.- III Environments.- 9 Oceanic islands and seamounts.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Hypotheses of intraplate volcanism.- 9.2.1 Mantle plume model.- 9.2.2 Propagating fracture model.- 9.3 Seamount distribution and morphology.- 9.4 Internal structure and composition.- 9.5 Basalt types.- 9.6 Geochemical features.- 9.6.1 Incompatible element abundances.- 9.6.2 Rare earth elements.- 9.6.3 Highly incompatible el...

Kasch Modules.- Compactness in Categories and Interpretations.- A Ring of Morita Context in Which Each Right Ideal is Weakly Self-injective.- Splitting Theorems and a Problem of Müller.- Decompositions of D1 Modules.- Right Cones in Groups.- On Extensions of Regular Rings of Finite Index by Central Elements.- Intersections of Modules.- Minimal Cogenerators Over Osofsky and Camillo Rings.- Uniform Modules Over Goldie Prime Serial Rings.- Co-Versus Contravariant Finiteness of Categories of Representations.- Monomials and the Lexicographic Order.- Rings Over Which Direct Sums of CS Modules Are CS.- Exchange Properties and the Total.- Local Bijective Gabriel Correspondence and Torsion Theoretic FBN Rings.- Normalizing Extensions and the Second Layer Condition.- Generators of Subgroups of Finite Index in GLm (?G).- Weak Relative Injective M-Subgenerated Modules.- Direct Product and Power Series Formations Over 2-Primal Rings.- Localization in Noetherian Rings.- Projective Dimension of Ideals in Von Neumann Regular Rings.- Homological Properties of Color Lie Superalgebras.- Indecomposable Modules Over Artinian Right Serial Rings.- Nonsingular Extending Modules.- Right Hereditary, Right Perfect Rings Are Semiprimary.- On the Endomorphism Ring of a Discrete Module: A Theorem of F. Kasch.- Nonsingular Rings with Finite Type Dimension.

I. Introduction.- 1. General Overview.- 2. On the Contents of the Book.- II. Modeling of Networks of Elastic Strings.- 1. Modeling of Nonlinear Elastic Strings.- 2. Networks of Nonlinear Elastic Strings.- 3. Linearization.- 4. Well-posedness of the Network Equations.- 5. Controllability of Networks of Elastic Strings.- 5.1. Exact Controllability of Tree Networks.- 5.2. Lack of Controllability for Networks with Closed Circuits.- 6. Stabilizability of String Networks.- 7. String Networks with Masses at the Nodes.- III. Networks of Thermoelastic Beams.- 1. Modeling of a Thin Thermoelastic Curved Beam.- 2. The Equations of Motion.- 2.1. Some Remarks on Warping and Torsion.- 3. Rotating Beams.- 3.1. Dynamic Stiffening.- 4. Straight, Untwisted, Nonshearable Nonlinear 3-d Beams.- 4.1. Approximation-Generalizations.- 5. Straight, Untwisted Shearable Linear 3-d Beams.- 6. Shearable Nonlinear 2-d Beams with Curvature.- 6.1. Approximation-Generalizations.- 7. A List of Beam Models.- Damping.- 8. Networks of Beams.- 8.1. Geometric Joint Conditions.- 8.1.1. Rigid Joints.- 8.1.2. Pinned Joints.- 8.2. Dynamic Joint Conditions.- 8.2.1. Rigid Joints.- 8.2.2. Pinned Joints.- 9. Rotating Two-link Flexible Nonlinear Shearable Beams.- IV. A General Hyperbolic Model for Networks.- 1. The General Model.- 2. Some Special Cases.- 2.1. String Networks.- 2.2. Networks of Planar Timoshenko Beams.- 2.4. Networks of Initially Curved Bresse Beams.- 2.5. Beams and Strings.- 3. Existence and Regularity of Solutions.- 4. Energy Estimates for Hyperbolic Systems.- 5. Exact Controllability of the Network Model.- 6. Stabilizability of the Network Model.- V. Spectral Analysis and Numerical Simulations.- 1. Preliminaries.- 1.1. Notation.- 1.2. Networks of Strings.- 1.3. Networks of Timoshenko Beams.- 1.4. Networks of Euler-Bernoulli Beams.- 2. Eigenvalue Problems for Networks of 1-d Elements.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. General String Networks.- 2.3. Homogeneous String Networks.- 2.3.1. Examples.- 2.4. Networks of Timoshenko Beams.- 2.4.1. The Case Where ? =0.- 2.4.2. The Case Where ? Belongs to an Individual Beam.- 2.4.3. Eigenvalues for the Entire Graph.- 2.5. Homogeneous Timoshenko Networks.- 3. Numerical Simulations of Controlled 1-d Networks.- 3.1. Introductory Remarks.- 3.2. Networks of Strings.- 3.2.1. Absorbing Controls.- 3.2.2. Directing Controls.- 4. Finite Element Approximations of Timoshenko Networks.- 5. Implicit Runge-Kutta Method: Dry Friction at Joints.- VI. Interconnected Membranes.- 1. Modeling of Dynamic Nonlinear Elastic Membranes.- 1.1. Equations of Motion.- 1.2. Edge Conditions.- 1.3. Hamilton's Principle.- 2. Systems of Interconnected Elastic Membranes.- 2.1. Geometric Junction Conditions.- 2.2. Dynamic Conditions.- 2.3. Linearization.- 2.4. Well-Posedness of the Linear Model.- 3. Controllability of Linked Isotropic Membranes.- 3.1. Observability Estimates for the Homogeneous Problem.- 3.2. A Priori Estimates for Serially Connected Membranes.- 3.3. A Priori Estimates for Single Jointed Membrane Systems.- 3.4. The Reachable States.- 3.4.1. Serially Connected Membranes.- 3.4.2. Membrane Transmission Problems.- VII. Systems of Linked Plates.- 1. Modeling of Dynamic Nonlinear Elastic Plates.- 1.1. Equations of Motion.- 1.2. Edge Conditions.- 1.3. Hamilton's Principle.- 1.4. Additional Kinematic and Material Assumptions.- 1.5. Rotations Associated with Plate Deformation.- 2. Linearization.- 2.1. Linearization of Equations of Motion.- 2.2. Linearization of Edge Conditions.- 2.3. Hamilton's Principle for the Reissner Model.- 2.4. Linearization of the Vector Rotation Angle.- 2.5. The Kirchhoff Plate Model.- 3. Systems of Linked Reissner Plates.- 3.1. Geometric Junction Conditions.- 3.2. Linearization of the Geometric Joint Conditions.- 3.3. Dynamic Joint Conditions.- 3.3.1. Dynamic conditions at a connected joint.- 3.3.2. Dynamic conditions at a hinged joint.- 3.3.3. Dynamic conditions at a semi-rigid joint.- 3.3.4. Dynamic conditions at a rigid join...

The Decomposition of Controlled Dynamic Systems.- A Differential Game for the Minimax of a Positional Functional.- Global Methods in Optimal Control Theory.- On the Theory of Trajectory Tubes - a Mathematical Formalism for Uncertain Dynamics, Viability and Control.- A Theory of Generalized Solutions to First-Order PDEs with an Emphasis on Differential Games.- Adaptivity and Robustness in Automatic Control Systems.

Information, Knowledge and Control.- Hybrid Models for Motion Control Systems.- Some Control Problems in the Process Industries.- Engineering Aspects of Industrial Applications of Model-Based Control Techniques and System Theory.- Towards a Joint Design of Identification and Control?.- Nonlinear State Space H? Control Theory.- Learning Control and Related Problems in Infinite-Dimensional Systems.- An Algebraic Approach to Linear and Nonlinear Control.- Robust Multivariable Control Using H? Methods: Analysis, Design and Industrial Applications.- Neural Networks for Control.- Neural Networks for Adaptive Control and Recursive Identification: A Theoretical Framework.