Books published by Springer Nature Singapore

Biodegradation is the dominant pathway for the environmental transformation of most chemicals and information on a chemical's biodegradability is essential for proper risk assessment. But there are few methods for predicting whether or not a chemical is biodegradable, since this depends on the chemical's structure as well as on the environmental conditions that it encounters. The present book deals with quantitative structure-biodegradability relationship models (QSBRs), emphasizing the biological and ecological part of the biodegradation process. Surveys are given of the microbial aspects of biodegradation and the methods available for testing biodegradability. New trends and methods in biodegradation modelling are reviewed, including contributions on computerized biodegradability prediction systems. Some of the newly developed models for assessing risk and ecological impact in aquatic and terrestrial environments have been validated, and this process is discussed. Audience: Scientists active in microbiology, the environmental sciences, biotechnology and bioremediation. Policy makers will find the book indispensable in assessing the present state of the art on the biodegradability of substances.

Mining investment in Argentina.- Bolivia - its potential and recent activity.- Investment in mining: the Canadian experience.- Restructuring of Mexico's mining sector: an international model.- Application of advanced computer-based systems in open-pit evaluation.- Myth and reality: status report on computer open-pit optimization algorithms in the 1990s.- Construction of the Kori Kollo gold plant, Bolivia.- La Coipa modified grinding circuit, Chile.- Optimization of control systems for mineral processing.- Practical implementation of the bacterial oxidation process of refractory gold ores.- The Geoscan Airborne Multispectral Scanner as an exploration tool applied to El Halcón prospect, Chile.- Silver mineralization at San Bartolomé, Azuay, Ecuador.- Development of the Collahuasi copper deposits - a world-class copper project in the Andes of northern Chile.- Sulphuric acid plant installation - Ilo smelter, Peru.- Reduction of leach-solvent extraction - electrowinning plant costs by attention to engineering.- Southern Peru Copper Corporation's Toquepala and Cuajone leach projects, Peru.- Advanced methods of coalescing and filtration.- From mine to customer - the marine connection.- Mean and lean - conveyor design for the 1990s.- Economic advantages of belt conveying in open-pit mining.- Future of pneumatics in percussive drilling - the South African experience.- Aplicación de un modelo de fragmentación de rocas en la reducción de los costos de voladura en minería.- Quality excavation with instrumented and automated drilling equipment.- Lower costs and higher productivity by use of mechanization in Chilean underground mining.- Tunnel-boring machine for Magma Copper Co. mine development.- Environmental management in the mining sector.- Reconciliation of mining with the concept of sustainable development: Minas Gerais, Brazil.- Arsenic removal in anode refining by flux injection.- Scrap melting in a rotary furnace with use of oxy-fuel burners.- Ausmelt's top submerged lance technology applied to copper smelting.- Investigation of silver extraction from a silver-sulphur flotation concentrate from the electrolytic zinc plant of Companhia Paraibuna de Metais, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.

Cytopathologic, Physiologic, Diagnostic and Clinical Aspects of Retinal Degeneration: Histochemical Comparison of Ocular Drusen in Bruch's Membrane and Drusen in Eyes from Normal and Age-Related Macular Degeneration Donors; M. Kamei, et al. Animal Models of Retinal Degeneration: Development of a Model for Macular Degeneration; P.E. Rakoczy, et al. Subretinal Iodoacetate: A Model of Retinal Degeneration in Cats; J.C. Huang, et al. Mechanisms of Retinal Degeneration and Cell Death: Nitric Oxide-Induced Increases in Retinal cGMP: A Role in Photoreceptor Degenerations; I. Morgan, J.W. Wellard. Candidate Genes, Cloning Mapping and Other Molecular Genetics of Retinal Degeneration: Isolation of Candidate Genes for Retinal Degenerations; G. Inana, et al. Transplantation, Gene Therapy and Cell Rescue: bFGF Transfected Iris Pigment Epithelial Cells Rescue Photoreceptor Cell Degeneration in RCS Rats; M. Tamai, et al. Structural, Physiologic and Ageing Correlates of Retinal Degeneration. Further Studies on the Phagocytosis of Photoreceptor Outer Segments by Rat Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells; M.O. Hall. 36 Additional Articles. Index.

1. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in the Elderly: Another Geriatric Syndrome.- 2. Development of the 1994 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Case Definition and Clinical Evaluation Guidelines.- 3. The Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: An Update on Important Issues.- 4. Efforts to Reduce Heterogeneity in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research.- 5. Nonrestorative Sleep, Musculoskeletal Pain, Fatigue, and Psychological Distress in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Fibromyalgia, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Temporal Mandibular Joint Dysfunction Disorders (CFIT).- 6. Arguments for a Role of Abnormal Ionophore Function in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.- 7. Cytokine Patterns Associated with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.- 8. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Possible Integration of Hormonal and Immunological Observations.

Exto-ATPase: Characterization and Localization. Ecto-ATPases of the Nervous System; A.K. Nagy. Evidence for Ectonucleotidases in the Guinea-Pig Cochlea: In Vivo and in Vitro Biochemical Studies; S.M. Vlajkovic, et al. Ecto-ATPase: Purification and Sequencing. Purification, Characterization, and Molecular Cloning of the Chicken Gizzard Smooth Muscle Ecto-ATPase; T.L. Kirley, J.G. Stout. A Strategy for Monoclonal Antibody Production to Ecto-ATPases; R.S. Strobel, M.D. Rosenberg. Ecto-ATPases: Function and Pathology. Immunochemical Expression of Ecto-ATP-Diphosphohydrolase in Experimental and Clinical Disease; W.W. Bakker, et al. Control of Platelet Reactivity by an cto-ADPase on Human Edonthelial Cells; A.J. Marcus, et al. Interrelationship of Ecto-ATPase and Purinoceptor Function. P2 Nucleotide Receptor Structure and Function; G.A. Weisman, et al. Ectonucleotidases and Purinoceptors in the Cochlea and Their Putative Role in Hearing; P.R. Thorne, et al. Other Relevant Cell Surface Proteins. Ubiquitous Expression of the beta-Subunit of H+-Transporting ATP Synthase on the Surface of Tumor Cells: Possible Roles in Tumorigenesis and Immune Surveillance; B. Das, et al. 26 Additional Articles. Index.