Books published by Springer Nature Singapore

I: The ICMI Study Conference.- Discussion Document.- List of Participants.- What is the Specific Object of Study in Mathematics Education? Report of Working Group 1.- What are the Aims of Research in Mathematics Education? Report of Working Group 2.- What are the Specific Research Questions or Problématiques of Research in Mathematics Education? Report of Working Group 3.- What are the Results of Research in Mathematics Education? Report of Working Group 4.- What Criteria Should Be Used to Evaluate the Results of Research in Mathematics Education? Report of Working Group 5.- Research, Effectiveness, and the Practitioners' World.- II: Mathematics Education as a Research Discipline.- A Glance Over the Evolution of Research in Mathematics Education.- Balancing Complex Human Worlds: Mathematics Education as an Emergent Discipline in its Own Right.- A Postmodern Perspective on Research in Mathematics Education.- Mathematics Education as a 'Design Science'.- What is Mathematics Education? A Survey of Mathematics Educators in Canada.- Programs for the Education of Researchers in Mathematics Education.- III: Goals, Orientations and Results of Research in Mathematics Education.- The Aims of Research.- Aiming Research Toward Understanding: Lessons We Can Learn From Children.- Transforming the International Mathematics Education Research Agenda.- Clarifying the Meaning of Mathematical Objects as a Priority Area for Research in Mathematics Education.- Research and Results in Mathematics Education: Some Contradictory Aspects.- Models in Mathematics Education Research: A Broader View of Research Results.- Towards a Cognitive Theory of Practice.

To operate future generation multimedia communications systems high data rate transmission needs to be guaranteed with a high quality of service. For instance, the third generation cellular mobile systems should offer a high data rate up to 2 Mbit/s for video, audio, speech and data transmission. The important challenge for these cellular systems will be the choice of an appropriate multiple access scheme. The advantages of the spread spectrum technique are: High immunity against multipath distortion, no need for frequency planning, high flexibility and easier variable rate transmission etc. On the other hand, the technique of multi-carrier transmission has recently been receiving wide interest for high data rate applications. The advantages of multi-carrier transmission are the robustness in the case of frequency selective fading channels, in particular the reduced signal processing complexity by equalization in the frequency domain, and in the capability of narrow-band interference rejection. The advantages and success of multi-carrier (MC) modulation and the spread spectrum (SS) technique has led to the combination of MCM with SS, known as multi-carrier spread-spectrum (MC-SS) for cellular systems. This combination, benefits from the advantages of both schemes: Higher flexibility, higher spectral efficiency, simpler detection techniques, narrow band interference rejection capability, etc. Multicarrier-Spread-Spectrum comprises a collection of papers which collectively provide a state-of-the-art overview of this emerging multiple access scheme. It will be a valuable reference for all researchers and practitioners working on the area of wireless communications and networking.

1. Verilog - A Tutorial Introduction.- 1.1 Describing Digital Systems.- 1.2 Getting Started.- 1.2.1 A Structural Description.- 1.2.2 Simulating the NAND Latch.- 1.3 Module Hierarchy.- 1.3.1 The Counter.- 1.3.2 Components of the Counter.- 1.3.3 A Clock for the System.- 1.3.4 Tying the Whole Circuit Together.- 1.4 Behavioral Modeling.- 1.4.1 A Behavioral Model of the m16 Counter.- 1.4.2 Mixing Structure and Behavior.- 1.4.3 Assignment Statements.- 1.4.4 Mixing Behavioral and Structural Descriptions.- 1.5 Summary.- 1.6 Exercises.- 2. Behavioral Modeling Constructs.- 2.1 Process Model.- 2.2 If-Then-Else.- 2.2.1 Where Does The ELSE Belong?.- 2.2.2 The Conditional Operator.- 2.3 Loops.- 2.3.1 Four Basic Loop Statements.- 2.3.2 Exiting Loops on Exceptional Conditions.- 2.4 Multi-way branching.- 2.4.1 If-Else-If.- 2.4.2 Case.- 2.4.3 Comparison of Case and If-Else-If.- 2.4.4 CaseZ and CaseX.- 2.5 Functions and Tasks.- 2.5.1 Tasks.- 2.5.2 Functions.- 2.5.3 A Structural View.- 2.6 Summary.- 2.7 Exercises.- 3. Concurrent Process Statements.- 3.1 Concurrent Processes.- 3.2 Events.- 3.2.1 Event Control Statement.- 3.2.2 Named Events.- 3.2.3 An Example of Hierarchical Names.- 3.3 The Wait Statement.- 3.3.1 A Complete Producer-Consumer Handshake.- 3.3.2 Comparison of the Wait and While Statements.- 3.3.3 Comparison of Wait and Event Control Statements.- 3.4 Disabling Named Blocks.- 3.5 Quasi-continuous assignment.- 3.6 Sequential and Parallel Blocks.- 3.7 Exercises.- 4. Logic Level Modeling.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Logic Gates and Nets.- 4.2.1 Modeling Using Primitive Logic Gates.- 4.2.2 Four-Level Logic Values.- 4.2.3 Nets.- 4.2.4 Module Port Specifications.- 4.3 Continuous Assignment.- 4.3.1 Behavioral Modeling of Combinational Circuits.- 4.3.2 Net and Continuous Assign Declarations.- 4.4 Parameterized Definitions.- 4.5 Logic Delay Modeling.- 4.5.1 A Gate Level Modeling Example.- 4.5.2 Gate and Net Delays.- 4.5.3 Minimum, Typical, and Maximum Delays.- 4.6 Delay Paths Across a Module.- 4.7 Summary.- 4.8 Exercises.- 5. Defining Gate Level Primitives.- 5.1 Combinational Primitives.- 5.1.1 Basic Features of User-Defined Primitives.- 5.1.2 Describing Combinational Logic Circuits.- 5.2 Level- and Edge-Sensitive Sequential Primitives.- 5.2.1 Level-Sensitive Primitives.- 5.2.2 Edge-Sensitive Primitives.- 5.3 Shorthand Notation.- 5.4 Mixed Level- and Edge-Sensitive Primitives.- 5.5 Summary.- 5.6 Exercises.- 6. Switch Level Modeling.- 6.1 A Dynamic MOS Shift Register Example.- 6.2 Switch Level Modeling.- 6.2.1 Strength Modeling.- 6.2.2 Strength Definitions.- 6.2.3 An Example Using Strengths.- 6.2.4 Resistive MOS Gates.- 6.3 Ambiguous Strengths.- 6.3.1 Illustrations of Ambiguous Strengths.- 6.3.2 The Underlying Calculations.- 6.4 Summary.- 6.5 Exercises.- 7. Two Large Examples.- 7.1 The miniSim Example.- 7.1.1 Overview.- 7.1.2 The miniSim Source.- 7.1.3 Simulation Results.- 7.2 The 8251A Example.- 7.2.1 Overview.- 7.2.2 The 8251A Source.- 7.3 Exercises.- Appendix A. Lexical Conventions.- A.1 White Space and Comments.- A.2 Operators.- A.3 Numbers.- A.4 Strings.- A.5 Identifiers, System Names, and Keywords.- Appendix B. Verilog Operators.- B.1 Table of Operators.- B.2 Operator Precedence.- B.3 Operator Truth Tables.- B.3.1 Bitwise AND.- B.3.2 Bitwise OR.- B.3.3 Bitwise XOR.- B.3.4 Bitwise XNOR.- B.4 Expression Bit Lengths.- Appendix C. Verilog Gate Types.- C.1 Logic Gates.- C.2 BUF and NOT Gates.- C.3 BUFIF and NOTIF Gates.- C.4 MOS Gates.- C.5 Bidirectional Gates.- C.6 CMOS Gates.- C.7 Pullup and Pulldown Gates.- Appendix D. Registers, Memories, Integers, and Time.- D.1 Registers.- D.2 Memories.- D.3 Integers and Times.- Appendix E. System Tasks and Functions.- E.1 Display and Write Tasks.- E.2 Continuous Monitoring.- E.3 Strobed Monitoring.- E.4 File Output.- E.5 Simulation Time.- E.6 Stop and Finish.- E.7 Random.- Appendix F. Formal Syntax Definition.- F.1 Source Text.- F.2 Declarations.- F.3 Primitive Instances.- F.4 Module Instantiations.- F.5 B...

1 Framing the Problem.- 1 Biodiversity conservation and economic development: the policy problem.- 2 Biodiversity conservation and economic development: local and global dimensions.- 2: Understanding Biodiversity Change.- 3 Population extinction and the biodiversity crisis.- 4 Diversity conservation in relation to fisheries in the Baltic Sea.- 5 Rangeland ecology: managing change in biodiversity.- 6 Biodiversity, natural resource accounting and environmental monitoring.- 3: The Valuation of Biodiversity.- 7 Modeling the value of biodiversity using a production function approach.- 8 Valuation of a marine resource.- 9 Tropical wetland values and environmental functions.- 10 Valuation and the management of biological diversity.- 4: The Impact of Economic Policy.- 11 Environmental impact of governmental policies and external shocks in Botswana: A computable general equilibrium model approach.- 12 A dynamic CGE model of deforestation in Costa Rica.- 13 The timber trade as a cause of tropical deforestation.- 14 Sustainable use of tropical forests in South-East Asia.- 5: Options and Priorities for Biodiversity Conservation.- 15 Traditional ecological knowledge, biodiversity, resilience and sustainability.- 16 Conservation of biodiversity and economic development: the concept of transferable development rights.- 17 Biodiversity conservation and local development aspirations: new priorities for the 1990s.- 18 Unresolved issues.- References.