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Classical vs Quantum Groups as Symmetries of Quantized Systems; M. Arik, G. Ünel. Algebraic Model of an Oblate Top; R.Bijker, A. Leviatan. The Mass-Squared Operator and the Einstein-Hilbert Action for Rescaled Lorentz Metrics; E. Binz, P. Oellers. Multichannel Dynamic Symmetry; J. Cseh. Kazhdan-Lusztig Polynomials, Subsingular Vectors and Conditionally Invariant; q-Deformed Equations; V.K. Dobrev. On a Path to Nonlinear Quantum Mechanics; H.-D. Doebner, J.-D. Hennig. Quantum Mechanical Problems with q-Deformations and over the p-Adic Number Fields; I.H. Duru. A Symmetry Adapted Algebraic Approach to Molecular Spectroscopy; A. Frank, et al. Dyson Boson-Fermion Realization of Lie (Super)Algebras; D.V. Fursa, et al. Formal Languages for Quasicrystals; J.G. Escudero. On Quadratic and Nonquadratic Forms: Applications to R2m R2m-n Nonbijective Transformations; M. Kibler. Quantization of Systems with Constraints; J.R. Klauder. Automorphisms and Discrete Fiber Bundles; P. Kramer, et al. Algebraic Approach to Baryon Structure; A. Leviatan, R. Bijker. Discrete Reflection Groups and Induced Representations of Poincaré Group on the Lattice; M. Lorente. 10 Additional Articles. Index.

Aldehyde Dehydrogenases-The 1992 Perspective.- Metabolic Role of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase.- Effects of Aldehyde Products of Lipid Peroxidation on the Activity of Aldehyde Metabolizing Enzymes in Hepatomas.- Metabolic Interactions of 4-Hydroxynonenal, Acetaldehyde and Glutathione in Isolated Liver Mitochondria.- Biological Role of Human Cytosolic Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1: Hormonal Response, Retinal Oxidation and Implication in Testicular Feminization.- Human Cytosolic Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome.- The Use of Immortalized Mouse L1210/OAP Cells Established in Culture to Study the Major Class 1 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-Catalyzed Oxidation of Aldehydes in Intact Cells.- Enhanced Transcription of the Cytosolic ALDH Gene in Cyclophosphamide Resistant Human Carcinoma Cells.- Attempts to Increase the Expression of Rat Liver Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in E. coli by Altering the mRNA.- Preliminary Characterization of the Rat Class 3 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Gene.- Human High-Km Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH3): Molecular, Kinetic, and Structural Features.- Overexpression or Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Mediated Induction of an Apparently Novel Class 3 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells and Its Relationship to Oxazaphosphorine-Specific Acquired Resistance.- Tumor-Associated Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH3): Expression in Different Human Tumor Cell Lines with and without Treatment with 3-Methylcholanthrene.- Sexual Differentiation in the Induction of the Class 3 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase.- Mouse Class 3 Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: Positive and Negative Regulation of Gene Expression.- Human Stomach Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, ALDH3.- Bovine Corneal Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: Evidence for Multiple Gene Products (ALDH3 and ALDHX).- Carbonyl-Metabolizing Enzymes and Their Relatives Recruited as Structural Proteins in the Eye Lens.- Members of the ALDH Gene Family are Lens and Corneal Crystalline.- Retinoic Acid Synthesis in the Developing Retina.- Human Liver High Km Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH4): Properties and Structural Relationship to the Yeast Glutamic ?-Semialdhyde Dehydrogenase.- Effect of Some Compounds Related to Disulfiram on Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Vitro and in Vivo.- Photoaffinity Labeling of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase from Horse Liver by P1-N6-(4-Azidophenylethyl) Adenosine-P2[4-(3-Azidopyridinio)Butyl] Diphosphate.- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase: Aldehyde Dehydrogenation and Ester Hydrolysis.- Is the Single Site Binding Model for Aldehyde Dehydrogenase an Oversimplification? The One-Site, Two-Site Debate Revisited.- Crystallization and Preliminary X-Ray Analysis of Bovine Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Human Glutathione-Dependent Formaldehyde Dehydrogenase.- Aldo-Keto Reductases: An Overview.- Location of an Essential Arginne Residue in the Primary Structure of Pig Aldose Reductase.- Cys298 Is Responsible for Reversible Thiol-Induced Variation in Aldose Reductase Activity.- Substrate Specificity of Reduced and Oxidized Forms of Human Aldose Reductase.- Kinetic Alteration of Human Aldose Reductase by Mutagenesis of Cysteine Residues.- Inhibition of Aldose Reductase by (2, 6-Dimethylphenylsulphonyl) Nitromethane: Possible Implications for the Nature of an Inhibitor Binding Site and a Cause of Biphasic Kinetics.- Sepiapterin Reductase and ALR2 ("Aldose Reductase") from Bovine Brain.- Polymorphisms of the Aldose Reductase Locus (ALR2) and Suseptibility to Diabetic Microvascular Complications.- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phenolic Antioxidants do not Significantly Induce Carbonyl Reductase in Human Cell Lines.- The Purification and Properties of a Novel Carbonyl Reducing Enzyme from Mouse Liver Microsomes.- Properties and Stereoselectivity of Carbonyl Reductases Involved in the Ketone Reduction of Warfarin and Analogues.- Activation of Pulmonary Carbonyl Reductase by Aromatic Amines and Pyridine Ring-Containing Compounds.- Unique Dihydrodiol Specific Dehydrogena...

Section One - Regulation Of Cell Growth And Development.- The Role of Growth Hormone and Prolactin in Beta-Cell Growth and Regeneration.- The Insulin-Like Growth Factor Family of Peptides, Binding Proteins and Receptors: Their Potential Role in Tissue Regeneration.- The Effects of IGF-I and IGF-II on Cell Growth and Differentiation in the Central Nervous System.- Growth Factor Expression in Normal and Diabetic Rats During Peripheral Nerve Regeneration through Silicone Tubes.- Oncogenes and Cell Growth.- Interferon - A Candidate Mediator of Cell Growth.- Section Two - Models for the Study of Cell Regeneration.- Islet Beta-Cell Regeneration and Reg Genes.- Factors Regulating Islet Regeneration in the Post-Insulinoma NEDH Rat.- Regeneration of Pancreatic Endocrine Cells in Interferon Gamma Transgenic Mice.- Trophic Stimulation of the Ductular-Islet Cell Axis: A New Approach to the Treatment of Diabetes.- Section Three - Induction of Cell Growth and Mechanisms.- Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factors (IGFs) and Their Binding Proteins (IGF BPs) During Pancreatic Development in Rat, and Modulation of IGF Actions on Rat Islet DNA Synthesis by IGF BPs.- The Partial Isolation and Characterization of Ilotropin, A Novel Islet-Specific Growth Factor.- Expression of Growth Factors in a Pancreatic Islet Regeneration Model.- Role of p21ras in Hormone Signalling and Cell Growth Transformation.- Phosphoinositides and Cell Growth.- The Physiological STOP Pathway: Target Regulation of Axonal Growth.- Cell Calcium Regulation of Myosin I - A Motor for Membrane Movement.- Section Four - Pathogenic and Therapeutic Ramifications.- Amylin Expression in the Pancreatic Beta-Cell.- Studies of Composite Grafts of Fetal Pancreas (FP) and Fetal Liver (FL) in the Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat.- Contributors.

The Etiology and Prevention of Aerodigestive Tract Cancers.- Epidemiology of Vitamin A and Aerodigestive Cancer.- Multiple Primary Squamous Carcinomas of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract.- Genetic and Environmental Interactions as Risks for Aerodigestive Cancers.- Alcohol: A Cocarcinogen in Head and Neck Malignancies.- Smokeless Tobacco and Aerodigestive Tract Cancers: Recent Research Directions.- Biologic Markers as Predictors of Risk in Aerodigestive Tract Cancers.- Hamster Lung Cancer Model of Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention.- The Hamster Cheek Pouch Model of Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention.- Culture Conditions Affect Expression of the ?6?4 Integrin Associated with Aggressive Behavior in Head and Neck Cancer.- Growth Factors and Other Targets for Rational Application as Intervention Agents.- Hyperplasia and Squamous Metaplasia in the Tracheobronchial Epithelium: Alterations in the Balance of Growth and Differentiation Factors.- Micronuclei as Intermediate End Points in Intervention.- Study Design for the Prevention of Aerodigestive Tract Cancers.- Participant Enrollment, Participation, and Compliance in Chemoprevention Trials.- A Population-based Trial of ?-Carotene Chemoprevention of Head and Neck Cancer.- Chemoprevention of Barrett's Esophagus and Oral Leukoplakia.- Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial: Lung Cancer Chemoprevention Trial in Heavy Cigarette Smokers and Asbestos-exposed Workers.- An Intervention Trial in High-Risk Asbestos-exposed Persons.- Chemoprevention-of Aerodigestive Epithelial Cancers.- Contributors.

Review: Taurine Deficiency and the Cat.- Taurine Synthesis in Cat and Mouse In Vivo and In Vitro.- Amino Acid Interaction with Taurine Metabolism in Cats.- The Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Cysteic Acid on the Plasma Taurine Concentration of Cats Maintained on a Taurine-Restricted Diet.- The Metabolic Basis for the Taurine Requirement of Cats.- Intestinal Taurine and the Enterohepatic Circulation of Taurocholic Acid in the Cat.- Urinary Excretion of Taurine as a Function of Taurine Intake: Potential for Estimating Taurine Bioavailability in the Adult Cat.- Dilated Cardiomyopathy Associated with Taurine Deficiency in the Domestic Cat: Relationship to Diet and Myocardial Taurine Content.- Reduction of Intrinsic Contractile Function of the Left Ventricle by Taurine Deficiency in Cats.- "Activation" of Alveolar Leukocytes Isolated from Cats Fed Taurine-free Diets.- High Dietary Taurine and Feline Reproduction.- Taurine Distribution in the Cat Muscle: An Immunohistochemical Study.- Review: Myocardial Physiological Effects of Taurine and Their Significance.- Sarcolemmal Actions of Taurine Linked to Altered Phospholipid N-methylation.- Taurine Effects on Ionic Currents in Myocardial Cells.- Taurine Attenuates Contracture Induced by Perfusion with Low Sodium, High Calcium Medium in Chick Hearts.- Effect of Taurine on Intracellular Calcium Dynamics of Cultured Myocardial Cells During the Calcium Paradox.- Intracellular Effects of Taurine: Studies on Skinned Cardiac Preparations.- Effects of Taurine Deficiency on Arrhythmogenesis and Excitation-contraction Coupling in Cardiac Tissue.- Taurine Potentiates the Antiaggregatory Action of Aspirin and Indomethacin.- Antiarrhythmic Action of Taurine.- Mechanism Underlying Physiological Modulation of Myocardial Contraction by Taurine.- Effects of Taurine Depletion on Membrane Electrical Properties of Rat Skeletal Muscle.- Regression of Taurine Depletion in Rhesus Monkeys Deprived of Dietary Taurine Throughout the First Year.- Taurine Transport in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex During Development and Ageing.- Phospholipids, Phospholipid Methylation and Taurine Content in Synaptosomes of Developing Rat Brain.- The Effect of Taurine on the Age-related Decline of the Immune Response in Mice: the Restorative Effect on the T Cell Proliferative Response to Costimulation with Ionomycin and Phorbol Myristate Acetate.- Effects of Taurine Deficiency on Immune Function in Mice.- Review: Recent Studies on Taurine in the Central Nervous System.- Pathologies of the CNS and Associated Taurine Changes.- Taurine Receptor: Kinetic Analysis and Pharmacological Studies.- Evoked Endogenous Taurine Release from Cultured Cerebellar Neurons.- Effect of Hepes on the Uptake of Taurine by Cultured Nervous Cells.- The Trophic Role of Taurine in the Retina. A Possible Mechanism of Action.- Endogenous Regulation of the Taurine Receptor.- Localization of Taurine and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in Human Optic Nerve Using Immunocytochemical Techniques.- Effects of Taurine on Protein Phosphorylation in Mammalian Tissues.- Taurine Protection of Lungs in Hamster Models of Oxidant Injury: a Morphologic Time Study of Paraquat and Bleomycin Treatment.- Taurine and Niacin Offer a Novel Therapeutic Modality in Prevention of Chemically-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Hamsters.- Taurine Protects Against Oxidant Injury to Rat Alveolar Pneumocytes.- The Protective Effect of Taurine on the Biomembrane Against Damage Produced by the Oxygen Radical.- Volume Regulatory Fluxes in Glial and Renal Cells.- Cell Volume Changes and Taurine Release in Cerebral Cortical Slices.- L-Glutamate-induced Swelling of Cultured Astrocytes.- Taurine and Volume Regulation in Isolated Nerve Endings.- Hyperosmolarity and Taurine Content, Uptake and Release in Astrocytes.- GABA and Taurine Serve as Respectively a Neurotransmitter and an Osmolyte in Cultured Cerebral Cortical Neurons.- Potassium-stimulated Release of Taurine in A Crude Retinal Preparation O...

1 The Hanle Effect and Level-Crossing Spectroscopy-An Introduction.- 1. Historical Survey.- 2. Classical Interpretation of the Hanle Effect.- 3. Quantum Mechanical Interpretation of the Hanle Effect.- 4. The Density Matrix Formalism for the Hanle Effect (Broad-Band Excitation).- 5. Laser Excitation and Pressure-Induced Coherences.- 6. Nonzero-Field Level Crossing.- 7. Conclusions.- References.- Appendix. Magnetic Effects on the Polarization of Resonance Fluorescence (original work by Wilhelm Hanle, translated by G. Moruzzi).- 2 The Hanle Effect and Atomic Physics.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. General Expression for the Hanle Signal in Terms of the Density Matrix.- 2. Spectroscopic Applications.- 2.1. Determination of Atomic Constants.- 2.2. Measurements of Laser-Level Populations.- 2.3. Increasing Resolution, Subnatural Linewidth Effects.- 2.4. Forward Scattering, Line Crossing.- 2.5. Technical Applications.- 3. Collisions.- 3.1. Hanle Effect with Collisional Excitation.- 3.2. Hanle Effect and Optogalvanic Detection.- 3.3. Collision-Induced Hanle Resonances.- 3.4. Fluctuation-Induced Hanle Resonances.- 4. Hanle Effect in Strong Laser Fields.- 4.1. General Characteristic.- 4.2. Specific Situations.- 4.3. Hanle Effect and Nonlinear Optics.- 5. Hanle Effect in Quantum Optics.- 5.1. Dressed-Atom Model.- 5.2. Hanle Effect with Fluctuating Fields.- 5.3. Squeezing in the Hanle Effect.- References.- 3 The Hanle Effect and Level-Crossing Spectroscopy on Molecules.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Molecular Level-Crossing Signal.- 3. Comparison with Quantum Beat Experiments.- 4. Excitation of Molecules.- 5. Lifetime Investigations.- 6. Landé g-Factors.- 7. Electric-Field Level Crossing.- 8. Stark-Zeeman Recrossing and High-Field Level Crossing.- 9. Hanle Effect on NO2.- 9.1. The Influence of Detection Geometry.- 9.2. Details of the Hanle-Effect Signal.- 9.3. Collisions.- 9.4. Discussion of Hanle-Effect Experiments on NO2.- 10. Conclusion.- References.- 4 The Nonlinear Hanle Effect and Its Applications to Laser Physics.- 1. The Nonlinear Hanle Effect and Its Experimental Observation.- 2. Saturation Intensity and Saturated Linewidth.- 3. The Three-Level Case: Homogeneously Broadened Lines.- 4. The Three-Level Case: Doppler-Broadened Lines and the Rate Equations.- 5. The General Case.- 6. The Rate-Equation Approach to the Nonlinear Hanle Effect in Inhomogeneously Broadened Transitions.- 7. The Nonlinear Hanle Effect with a Gaussian Laser Beam.- 8. The Nonlinear Hanle Effect in Absorption.- 9. The Nonlinear Hanle Effect in Laser-Active Media.- 9.1. The He-Ne Laser.- 9.2. The Xe Laser.- 9.3. The He-CdII and He-ZnII Lasers.- 9.4. The Noble-Gas Ion Lasers.- 9.5. Optically Pumped Far-Infrared Lasers.- 9.6. Other Lasers.- 9.7. Conclusions.- References.- 5 Applications of the Hanle Effect in Solar Physics.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Brief Review of the Properties of Solar Magnetic Fields.- 3. Overview of the Diagnostic Possibilities and Limitations of the Hanle Effect.- 4. Basic Theoretical Concepts for Applications in Astrophysics.- 5. Diagnostics of Magnetic Fields in Solar Prominences.- 6. Survey of Scattering Polarization on the Solar Disk.- 7. Diagnostics of Turbulent Magnetic Fields.- 8. Diagnostics of Magnetic Fields in the Chromosphere-Corona Transition Region and Above.- 9. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 6 Applications of the Hanle Effect in Solid State Physics.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Hanle Effect on Free Electrons.- 2.1. Optical Orientation of Electron Spins.- 2.2. Occurrence of Electron-Nucleus Interaction in Polarized Luminescence.- 2.3. Optical Alignment of Electron Momenta in a Magnetic Field.- 3. The Hanle Effect on Excitons.- 3.1. The ?8 × ?6 and ?7 × ?6 Excitons in Cubic Crystals.- 3.2. The ?9 × ?7 and ?7 × ?7 Excitons in Hexagonal II-VI Crystals with Wurtzite Structure.- 3.3. The ?7 × ?8 Excitons in III-VI Crystals with Symmetry Class D3h.- 3.4. The Influence of Reemission on the Hanle Effect.- 3.5. Hot Excitons and Polaritons.- 4. The H

1 Characteristics of Multidrug Resistance in Human Tumor Cells.- 2 Development of Multidrug Resistance in Rodent Cell Lines.- 3 Cloning and Characterization of Mouse mdr Genes.- 4 Isolation and Characterization of the Human MDR (P-Glycoprotein) Genes.- 5 Amplification of Several Different Genes in Multidrug-Resistant Chinese Hamster Cell Lines.- 6 Molecular and Cytogenetic Analysis of Multidrug Resistance-Associated Gene Amplification in Chinese Hamster, Mouse Sarcoma, and Human Neuroblastoma Cells.- 7 Karyotype and Amplicon Evolution during Stepwise Development of Multidrug Resistance in Djungarian Hamster Cell Lines.- 8 Chromosome Localization of P-Glycoprotein Genes in Drug-Sensitive and -Resistant Human Cells.- 9 Structure and Evolution of P-Glycoproteins.- 10 Drug Accumulation and Binding in P-Glycoprotein-Associated Multidrug Resistance.- 11 Binding of Drugs and ATP by P-Glycoprotein and Transport of Drugs by Vesicles from Human Multidrug-Resistant Cells.- 12 Protein Changes in Multidrug-Resistant Cells.- 13 Membrane Lipids of Multidrug-Resistant Cells: Chemical Composition and Physical State.- 14 Expression of the MDR1 Gene in Normal Human Tissues.- 15 Expression of the Multidrug Resistant Gene in Human Cancer.- 16 Immunohistochemical Analysis of P-Glycoprotein Expression in Normal and Tumor Tissues in Humans.- 17 Quantitative Estimation of MDR1 mRNA Levels by Polymerase Chain Reaction.- 18 Collateral Sensitivity of Multidrug-Resistant Cells.- 19 Reversal of Multidrug Resistance by Calcium Channel Blockers and Other Agents.- 20 Growth Inhibition of Multidrug-Resistant Cells by Monoclonal Antibodies against P-Glycoprotein.- 21 P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Drug Resistance: Puzzles and Perspectives.

I The Reemerging Field of Clinical Sociology.- 1. Clinical Sociology: Defining the Field.- Toward a Definition.- Distinctiveness of the Sociological Approach.- The Sociological Perspective.- Theory.- Sociological Methods.- Roles for Clinical Sociologists.- Organizational Consultant/Organizational Development.- Social Impact Assessment.- Community Organization.- Mediation/Conflict Resolution.- Program Development/Program Evaluation.- Counselor/Sociotherapy.- Trainer/Teacher.- Broker.- Advocate.- Group Facilitator.- Conclusion.- References.- 2. The Emergence of American Clinical Sociology.- The First Courses in Clinical Sociology.- The Appearance of the Label Clinical Sociology.- Pre-SPA Publications: 1930-1977.- Post-SPA Publications: 1978-1988.- Conclusion.- References.- II General Practice Concerns.- 3. Assessment in Clinical Sociology.- The Logic of Clinical Assessment.- Analytical Assessment Phases.- Preliminary Screening.- Intake Assessment Survey.- Exploratory Assessment.- Assessment of Possible Interventions.- Summatory Assessment.- References.- 4. Intervention in Clinical Sociology.- The Diversity and Unity of Intervention in Clinical Sociology.- Guiding Themes.- Science.- Intervention as Process.- Intervention as a Humanistic Pursuit.- The Goal of Intervention Is Behavior Change.- Problems Addressed as Social Problems.- Barriers to Change.- Loci of Intervention: Targets for Change.- Approaches to Intervention.- Conclusion.- References.- 5. Program Evaluation and Clinical Sociology.- Four Models of Program Evaluation.- The Objectives-Based Model.- The Decision-Oriented Model.- The Naturalistic Inquiry Model.- The Expert Model.- A Utilization-Focused Perspective.- Issues in Planning and Conducting Evaluations.- Should We Evaluate?.- Who Should Evaluate?.- What Should Be Evaluated?.- How Should the Evaluation Be Done?.- How to Deal with Evaluation Findings?.- After the Evaluation, Then What?.- References.- 6. Communication and Relationships with Clients.- On Relationships, Generally.- The Clinical Relationship.- Presenting Conditions.- Communication.- Preparing for Communication.- Initial Meetings.- Approaching Clients.- Barriers, Breakdowns, and Problems.- Client Training Clinician.- Conclusion.- References.- 7. Ethics in Clinical Sociology.- Ethical Ideals and behavior.- Models of a Helping Relationship.- Roles and Norms.- Cultural Sensitivities.- Self-Disclosure of Professional and Client.- Privileged Communication and Confidentiality.- Manipulation of behavior.- Rights of Clients and Practitioners.- Self-Determination.- Negotiating Sound Contracts.- Evaluation Research.- The Clinical Sociologist as an Expert Witness.- Professional Accountability.- Malpractice.- New Ethical Issues.- Appendix A: Ethical Standards of Sociological Practitioners.- Appendix B: A Patient's Bill of Rights.- Appendix C: Standards for the Expert Witness.- References.- 8. The Effects of Social Change on Clinical Practice.- Conceptual Considerations.- Contextual Determination.- Determining the Context of Advanced Technological Society.- Macrolevel Changes.- Mesolevel Changes.- Microlevel Changes.- Conclusions.- References.- III Clinical Sociology in Specific Settings.- 9. Clinical Sociology with Individuals and Families.- The Relevance of Sociology to Counseling.- The Thematic Approach to Sociological Counseling.- Autonomy and Constraint: A Guiding Theme.- Counseling Stages and Sociological Contributions.- Intake and Introduction.- Assessment and Evaluation.- Intervention and Follow-Up.- A General Approach.- On Expressive and Instrumental Action.- Specifying Facts and Likely Consequences.- Reality Construction and Time Allocation.- Establishing Rituals.- Follow-Up: Clinical Interventions as Hypothesis Testing.- Conclusion.- References.- 10. Public Policies and Clinical Sociology.- Basic Questions and Tasks.- Getting Acquainted.- Visualizing the Social Situation.- Diagnosing Problems.- Defining Goals.- Developing Strategies.- Intervening Diplom...

I. Inflammation.- 1 Overview and General Considerations of Wound Repair.- 2 Platelets and Response to Injury.- 3 Potential Functions of the Clotting System in Wound Repair.- 4 Endothelial Cell Regulation of Coagulation.- 5 Factors That Affect Vessel Reactivity and Leukocyte Emigration.- 6 Neutrophil Emigration, Activation, and Tissue Damage.- 7 Resolution of Inflammation.- 8 The Multiple Roles of Macrophages in Wound Healing.- II. Granulation Tissue Formation.- 9 The Role of Growth Factors in Tissue Repair I: Platelet-Derived Growth Factor.- 10 The Role of Growth Factors in Tissue Repair II: Epidermal Growth Factor.- 11 The Role of Growth Factors in Tissue Repair III: Fibroblast Growth Factor.- 12 The Role of Growth Factors in Tissue Repair IV: Type ?-Transforming Growth Factor and Stimulation of Fibrosis.- 13 Mechanisms of Parenchymal Cell Migration into Wounds.- 14 Re-epithelialization.- 15 Angiogenesis.- 16 The Role of Cell-Cell Interaction in the Regulation of Endothelial Cell Growth.- 17 The Biology of the Myofibroblast Relationship to Wound Contraction and Fibrocontractive Diseases.- III. Extracellular Matrix Production and Remodeling.- 18 Fibronectin: A Primitive Matrix.- 19 Proteoglycans and Wound Repair.- 20 Collagen in Dermal Wound Repair.- 21 Role of Degradative Enzymes in Wound Healing.- 22 Basement Membranes.- 23 Re-formation of the Epidermal-Dermal Junction during Wound Healing.

1 Calendering and embossing.- Calendering.- Embossing.- 2 Coating and laminating.- 3 Drying and curing.- Electron beam.- Hot air.- Infrared.- Radio frequency.- Ultraviolet.- 4 Fabrication.- Binding and print finishing terms.- Cartons and carton styles.- Board definitions.- Cutting and creasing definitions.- Adhesive and adhesion terms.- Miscellaneous items.- 5 Web and sheet operations.- Cutting processes.- Carton production.- Cutting terms and processes.- Envelopes.- Label production.- Perforating.- Punching.- Sheeting and sheet transportation.- Counting.- Fan folding.- Feeding.- Guillotine.- Handling.- Sheeting machine or sheeter.- Sheeting terms.- Sorting.- Web transportation.- Guiding.- Rewinding.- Splicing.- Unwinding.- Web control.- Web handling terms.- Winding faults.

1 Origins and development.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2 The ICP-MS system.- 2 Instrumentation for ICP-MS.- 2.1 The inductively coupled plasma.- 2.1.1 Torch and plasma.- 2.1.2 RF coupling.- 2.1.3 Sample introduction.- 2.1.4 Sample history.- 2.1.5 Plasma populations.- 2.1.6 Distribution of ions in the plasma.- 2.1.7 Other plasmas.- 2.2 Ion extraction.- 2.2.1 Boundary layer and sheath.- 2.2.2 Plasma potential and secondary discharge.- 2.2.3 Supersonic jet.- 2.2.4 Gas dynamics.- 2.2.5 Ion kinetic energies.- 2.3 Ion focusing.- 2.3.1 Operation of ion lenses.- 2.3.2 Ion lenses in ICP-MS.- 2.3.3 Space charge effects.- 2.4 Quadrupole mass spectrometers.- 2.4.1 Quadrupole configuration.- 2.4.2 Ion trajectories and stability diagrams.- 2.4.3 Characteristics of mass spectra from quadrupoles.- 2.4.4 RF-only quadrupoles.- 2.4.5 Scanning and data acquisition.- 2.5 Other mass spectrometers.- 2.6 Ion detection.- 2.6.1 Channeltron electron multipliers.- 2.6.2 Signal measurement by pulse counting.- 2.6.3 Other detectors.- 2.7 Vacuum considerations.- 2.7.1 Properties and flow of gases.- 2.7.2 A vacuum system for ICP-MS.- 2.7.3 Pumps used in ICP-MS.- 3 Instrument options.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Nebulisers.- 3.2.1 Introduction.- 3.2.2 Concentric nebulisers.- 3.2.3 Cross-flow nebulisers.- 3.2.4 Babington type nebuliser.- 3.2.5 Frit type nebuliser.- 3.2.6 Ultrasonic nebuliser.- 3.3 Spray chambers.- 3.3.1 Principles.- 3.3.2 Operation.- 3.3.3 Thermally stabilised spray chambers for ICP-MS.- 3.4 Torches.- 3.4.1 Construction.- 3.4.2 Demountable torches.- 3.4.3 Alignment.- 3.4.4 Specialised torches.- 3.5 Interface.- 3.5.1 Introduction.- 3.5.2 Sampling cones.- 3.5.3 Skimmer cones.- 4 Sample introduction for liquids and gases.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Electrothermal vaporisation.- 4.2.1 Principles.- 4.2.2 Instrumentation.- 4.2.3 Operating parameters.- 4.2.4 Applications and analytical performance of ETV-ICP-MS.- 4.3 Vapour generation and gas phase sample introduction.- 4.3.1 Introduction.- 4.3.2 Hydride generation.- 4.3.3 Osmium tetroxide vapour generation.- 4.3.4 Reactive gases.- 4.4 Liquid chromatography.- 4.4.1 Introduction.- 4.4.2 Principles.- 4.4.3 Instrumentation, reagents and operating parameters.- 4.4.4 Applications.- 4.5 Flow injection.- 4.5.1 Introduction.- 4.5.2 Apparatus.- 4.5.3 Sample introduction.- 4.5.4 Operating parameters.- 4.5.5 Applications.- 4.6 Direct sample insertion.- 4.6.1 Principles.- 4.6.2 Applications.- 5 Interferences.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Spectroscopic interferences.- 5.2.1 Isobaric overlap.- 5.2.2 Polyatomic ions.- 5.2.3 Refractory oxides.- 5.2.4 Doubly charged ions.- 5.2.5 Alleviation of spectroscopic interferences.- 5.3 Non-spectroscopic interferences.- 5.3.1 High dissolved solids.- 5.3.2 Suppression and enhancement effects.- 6 Calibration and data handling.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 General concepts.- 6.2.1 Mass scale calibration.- 6.2.2 Accuracy, precision and reproducibility.- 6.3 Instrumental modes of data collection.- 6.3.1 Peak hopping.- 6.3.2 Scanning.- 6.4 Linearity of response.- 6.5 Blanks.- 6.6 Factors affecting signal stability.- 6.7 Qualitative analysis.- 6.8 Semi-quantitative calibration.- 6.9 Quantitative analysis.- 6.9.1 External calibration techniques.- 6.9.2 Raw data correction procedures.- 6.9.3 Standard additions.- 6.9.4 Isotope dilution.- 7 Sample preparation for ICP-MS.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 General considerations.- 7.2.1 Laboratory equipment and practices.- 7.2.2 Choice of mineral acids.- 7.2.3 Limits of quantitative analysis.- 7.2.4 Precision and accuracy: assessing a digestion procedure.- 7.3 Digestion procedures.- 7.3.1 Open vessel digestions.- 7.3.2 Closed vessel digestions.- 7.3.3 Alkali fusions.- 7.3.4 Microwave digestion.- 7.4 Separation and pre-concentration methods.- 7.4.1 Rare earth elements.- 7.4.2 Precious metals.- 7.4.3 Petrogenic disciminators: Hf, Nb, Ta, Zr.- 7.5 Conclusions and overview.- 8 Elemental analysis of solutions and applications.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Multi-element determin...

1. Introduction.- 1.1 The significance of low temperatures.- 1.2 The Third Law of Thermodynamics.- 1.3 Liquefaction of gases.- 1.4 Solids at low temperatures.- 1.5 Liquid helium.- 1.6 Macroscopic quantization.- 2. Phonons.- 2.1 The model of a solid at low temperatures.- 2.2 Phonon modes and propagation.- 2.3 Thermal properties.- 2.4 Lattice anharmonicity.- 2.5 Scattering of photons.- 2.6 Solid helium-a quantum solid.- 2.7 Phonons and disorder.- 3. Electrons.- 3.1 Electrons in solids.- 3.2 Studies of Fermi surfaces.- 3.3 Transport properties of metals.- 3.4 Scattering of electrons in metals.- 3.5 Semiconductors and localization.- 3.6 Low-dimensional electron systems.- 4. Superconductivity.- 4.1 The transition to the superconducting state.- 4.2 Thermal properties.- 4.3 Electric, magnetic and electrodynamic properties.- 4.4 Theory of superconductivity.- 4.5 Consequences of the BCS theory.- 4.6 Josephson effects.- 4.7 Type II superconductivity.- 4.8 Superconductivity in non-standard systems.- 4.9 High-temperature superconductors.- 5. Liquid helium-4.- 5.1 Influence of Bose-Einstein statistics.- 5.2 Two-fluid properties.- 5.3 Wave propagation.- 5.4 Superfluidity and excitations.- 5.5 Quantized vortices in HeII.- 5.6 The HeII surface and creeping superfluid films.- 5.7 Critical velocities.- 5.8 Other boson fluids.- 6. Liquid helium-3 and3He-4He solutions.- 6.1 Influence of Fermi-Dirac statistics.- 6.2 Properties of normal liquid 3He.- 6.3 The Landau theory of liquid 3He.- 6.4 Superfluid phases of 3He.- 6.5 Liquid 3He-4He solutions.- 6.6 Other fermion fluids.- 7. Experimental methods at low temperatures.- 7.1 Principles of cryostat design.- 7.2 Cooling with 4He.- 7.3 Cooling with 3He.- 7.4 Magnetic cooling.- 7.5 Thermometry and instrumentation.- 8. Applications.- 8.1 Uses of low temperatures.- 8.2 High-current and magnetic-field applications of superconductivity.- 8.3 Low-temperature electronics.- 8.4 Uses of liquefied gases.

1 Nature of Surfactants.- 1.1 Introduction to surfactants.- 1.2 Natural surfactants.- 1.3 Synthetic surfactants.- 1.4 Types of surfactant.- 1.4.1 Hydrophilic groups.- 1.4.2 Hydrophobic groups.- 1.5 Surface activity.- 1.5.1 Self-association.- 1.5.2 The hydrophobic effect.- References.- 2 Adsorption at liquid interfaces.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Direct measurement of amount adsorbed.- 2.3 Adsorption studied via surface and interfacial tension measurement.- 2.4 Adsorption of ionic surfactants.- 2.4.1 No added electrolyte.- 2.4.2 Ionic surfactant with excess electrolyte.- 2.5 Equations of state for adsorbed surfactants.- 2.6 Adsorption at the liquid/liquid interface.- 2.7 Ultra-low interfacial tensions.- 2.7.1 Prediction of emulsion type from packing geometry.- 2.7.2 Phase inversion.- 2.7.3 Tensions at curved and planar interfaces.- 2.7.4 Interactions between adsorbed monolayers.- 2.7.5 Practical applications of ultra-low tension systems.- 2.8 Physical properties of adsorbed monolayers.- 2.9 Dynamic aspects of adsorbed surfactants.- 2.9.1 The Marangoni effect.- References.- 3 Insoluble monolayers.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Historical background.- 3.2.1 The Langmuir trough and its origin.- 3.2.2 Use of the Langmuir trough.- 3.3 Phase changes and types of film.- 3.3.1 Gaseous films.- 3.3.2 The LE + G region.- 3.3.3 The liquid-expanded region.- 3.3.4 The transition region.- 3.3.5 The liquid-condensed region.- 3.3.6 The solid region.- 3.4 Ionised monolayers.- 3.4.1 Effect of polyvalent counterions.- 3.5 X-ray and neutron scattering.- 3.5.1 Horizontal scattering.- 3.5.2 Vertical scattering.- 3.5.3 Neutron scattering.- 3.6 Dynamic effects.- 3.6.1 Interfacial shear rheology.- 3.6.2 Interfacial dilatational rheology.- 3.6.3 Measurement of surface shear viscosity for insoluble monolayers.- 3.6.4 Measurement of surface dilatational rheological properties.- 3.7 Practical applications of insoluble monolayers.- References.- 4 Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Historical background.- 4.3 Types of monolayer deposition.- 4.3.1 X-, Y- and Z-films.- 4.3.2 Incomplete deposition.- 4.3.3 Asymmetrical films.- 4.3.4 Polymeric systems.- 4.4 Structure of multilayers.- 4.4.1 Characterisation by simple techniques.- 4.4.2 Low-angle X-ray diffraction.- 4.4.3 Spectroscopic methods.- 4.4.4 Long-range order and homogeneity.- 4.5 Applications of LB films.- 4.5.1 Devices exploiting the insulating properties of the film.- 4.5.2 Applications combining ultra-thin property with useful chemistry.- 4.5.3 Multilayers requiring non-centrosymmetrical structures.- 4.5.4 Supermolecular assemblies and molecular electronics.- 4.5.5 Sensors.- 4.6 Self-assembly systems.- 4.6.1 Self-assembly monolayers.- 4.6.2 Self-assembly multilayers.- References.- 5 Micelle formation.- 5.1 Evidence for micelle formation.- 5.2 Structure of micelles.- 5.2.1 Hartley's model for spherical micelles.- 5.2.2 Simple geometric factors.- 5.2.3 Spherical micelles.- 5.2.4 Cylindrical micelles.- 5.2.5 Counterion binding.- 5.3 Dynamics of micellar aggregation.- 5.3.1 The multiple equilibrium model.- 5.4 The critical micelle concentration (CMC).- 5.4.1 Ionic surfactants.- 5.4.2 Non-ionic surfactants.- 5.4.3 Factors affecting the CMC.- 5.4.4 Methods for measuring the CMC.- 5.5 Thermodynamics of micelle formation.- 5.5.1 Simple thermodynamic theory.- 5.5.2 Experimental data for the thermodynamic parameters of micellisation.- 5.5.3 Mechanism of micelle formation.- 5.6 Solubilisation.- 5.6.1 Polar solubilisates.- 5.6.2 Effect of temperature and electrolyte addition.- 5.7 Applications of micellar solutions.- 5.7.1 Detergency.- 5.7.2 Application of cylindrical micelles.- 5.7.3 Solubilisation.- 5.7.4 Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration.- 5.7.5 Micellar catalysis.- References.- 6 Mixed-micelle formation.- 6.1 Qualitative observations.- 6.2 Thermodynamics of mixed-micelle formation.- 6.2.1 Surface tensions of surfactant solutions.- 6.3 Thermodynamics of non-ideal mixed-micelle formation.- 6.3.1 Mix...

1 Photoregulation of plant gene expression.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Photoregulatory responses and levels of control.- 1.2.1 Genes respond differentially to light.- 1.2.2 Transcription is the primary, but not the only, level at which gene expression is controlled by light.- 1.3 Photoreceptors.- 1.3.1 Phytochrome mediates responses in dark-grown plants.- 1.3.2 Developing plastids produce a factor that is required for maximal expression of genes encoding chloroplast proteins.- 1.3.3 In mature leaf tissue phytochrome acts in conjunction with a UV-blue photoreceptor.- 1.3.4 A UV-B photoreceptor interacts with other photoreceptors to control chalcone synthase gene expression.- 1.3.5 Expression of several photoregulated genes exhibits a circadian rhythm.- 1.3.6 The phytochrome genes are subject to autoregulation.- 1.3.7 Overexpression of phytochrome genes in transgenic plants causes morphogenetic effects.- 1.4 DNA sequence elements responsible for photoregulation.- 1.4.1 RbcS genes.- 1.4.2 Cab genes.- 1.4.3 Phytochrome genes.- 1.4.4 The ferredoxin gene.- 1.4.5 Chalcone synthase genes.- 1.5 Concluding remarks.- References.- 2 Hormonal regulation of plant gene expression.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2. Auxin: rapid effects on anonymous genes.- 2.2.1 Relating auxin-regulated gene expression to auxin growth responses.- 2.3 Gibberellin: coordinate and non-coordinate regulation of gene expression.- 2.3.1 Approaching the molecular mechanisms of GA regulation.- 2.3.2 The acquisition of GA sensitivity.- 2.4 Abscisic acid: stress and development.- 2.5 Cytokinin and ethylene.- 2.5.1 Control of gene expression by cytokinin.- 2.5.2 Control of gene expression by ethylene.- 2.6 Conclusion.- References.- 3 Gene activity during tuber formation in the potato (Solanum tuberosum).- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Development and anatomy of the tuber.- 3.3 Biochemical differentiation during tuber formation.- 3.3.1 The enzymes of starch metabolism.- 3.3.2 The regulation and function of patatin genes.- 3.3.3 The activity of other genes in potato tubers.- 3.4 Future prospects and application of genetic engineering to tubers.- References.- 4 Control of flavonoid synthesis and manipulation of flower colour.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Flavonoid biosynthesis.- 4.2.1 Flavonoids: structure and function.- 4.2.2 Flavonoids: biosynthesis route.- 4.3 Flavonoids as flower pigments.- 4.3.1 Anthocyanins.- 4.3.2 Yellow and colourless flavonoids.- 4.4 Genetic engineering of flower colour.- 4.4.1 Classical breeding.- 4.4.2 Molecular flower breeding.- References.- 5 The molecular basis for sexual incompatibility.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Angiosperm incompatibility systems.- 5.2.1 Cellular aspects of pollen-pistil interactions.- 5.2.2 Genetics of the one-locus incompatibilities.- 5.3 Molecular analysis of SI in Brassica.- 5.3.1 SLSG and its involvement in SI.- 5.3.2 Expression of SLSG in the stigma.- 5.3.3 Expression in anthers.- 5.3.4 The structure of SLSG.- 5.3.5 The S-multigene family.- 5.3.6 Comparison of the SLSG-structural gene and an S-locus related gene.- 5.3.7 S-sequences are conserved in the crucifer family.- 5.3.8 Gene interactions and the inheritance of self-compatibility.- 5.3.9 Evolution.- 5.3.10 Applications in breeding.- 5.4 Summary and prospects.- References.- 6 Control of gene expression in the developing seed.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Phases of seed development.- 6.3 Primary structure and flanking regions of some seed protein genes.- 6.3.1 2S-type genes.- 6.3.2 7S-type genes.- 6.3.3 11S-type genes.- 6.3.4 Cereal genes.- 6.4 Transcriptional control of seed storage protein genes is the major regulatory process.- 6.5 The role of post-transcriptional events in storage protein gene expression.- 6.6 Genetic lesions affecting seed protein expression.- 6.7 Role of hormones in seed protein gene expression.- 6.8 Proposed regulatory sequence elements in seed protein genes.- 6.9 Expression of seed protein genes in transgenic plants.- 6.9.1 7S vicilin-like genes.- 6.9.2 11S legumin-lik...

1 Getting the basics right.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Availability of raw material data.- 1.3 Clarifying the objective.- 1.4 Identifying formulating constraints.- 1.5 Use of standard formulation format.- 1.5.1 Costing laboratory formulations.- 1.5.2 Manufacturing formulations.- 1.6 Use of test schedules.- 1.7 Understanding the costing system.- 1.7.1 Raw material costs.- 1.7.2 Manufacturing costs.- 1.7.3 Container and filling costs.- 1.8 Know the competition.- 2 Establishing a structured development programme.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Raw material substitution.- 2.3 Cost reduction.- 2.4 Product improvement.- 2.5 Matching the competition.- 2.6 New products.- 2.6.1 Project 1.- 2.6.2 Project 2.- 2.7 New classes of raw material.- 2.8 New technology.- 3 Raw materials.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Resins.- 3.2.1 General.- 3.2.2 Types of resins available.- 3.2.3 Selection of resins.- 3.3 Pigments.- 3.3.1 General.- 3.3.2 White pigments (titanium dioxide).- 3.3.3 Coloured pigments.- 3.3.4 Extenders.- 3.3.5 Corrosion inhibiting pigments.- 3.4 Solvents, thinners and diluents.- 3.4.1 General.- 3.4.2 Solvents in air dry finishes.- 3.4.3 Solvents in cross-linked and stoving finishes.- 3.4.4 Solvents in aqueous finishes.- 3.5 Rheology modifiers.- 3.5.1 General.- 3.5.2 Solvent-thinned products.- 3.5.3 Water-thinned products.- 3.6 Additives.- 3.6.1 General.- 3.6.2 Dispersing/wetting agents.- 3.6.3 Driers.- 3.6.4 Preservatives/biocides.- 3.6.5 Insecticides.- 3.6.6 Can corrosion inhibitors.- 3.6.7 Flash rust inhibitors.- 3.6.8 UV absorbers.- 3.6.9 Reodorants.- 3.6.10 Anti-skin.- 3.6.11 Anti-flood/float.- 3.6.12 Anti-foam.- 3.6.13 Anti-gassing.- 3.6.14 Anti-static.- 3.6.15 Anti-freeze.- 4 Volume relationships.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 The CPVC concept.- 4.3 Establishing the CPVC.- 4.3.1 The CPVC cell method.- 4.3.2 The oil absorption method.- 4.3.3 Effect of latex vehicles on CPVC.- 4.3.4 Other means for CPVC determination.- 4.4 The relationship of PVC to CPVC.- 4.5 The porosity concept.- 4.5.1 Effect of porosity on hiding power.- 4.6 Use in formulation.- 4.6.1 Spacing extenders.- 4.6.2 Modifying a standard product.- 4.6.3 Latex paints.- 4.6.4 Flat latex paints.- 4.6.5 Effect of relative BPI.- 4.6.6 Matching a competitive sample.- 4.7 Summary.- References.- 5 Dry hiding-an alternative to titanium dioxide.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Available technologies.- 5.3 Relevance of packing considerations.- 5.4 Pittment.- 5.5 Spindrift.- 5.6 Plastic pigment.- 5.7 Opaque polymer.- 6 Computer techniques.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Computerised process control.- 6.3 Colour matching.- 6.4 Formulation and costing programmes.- 6.4.1 Raw material file.- 6.4.2 Formulation file.- 6.4.3 Calculation file.- 6.4.4 Reformulation programmes.- 6.5 Experimental designs.- 6.5.1 Randomisation.- 6.5.2 Randomised block.- 6.5.3 Latin square.- 6.5.4 Factorial experiments.- 6.5.5 Fractional factorial design.- 6.5.6 Box - Behnken.- 6.6 Experimental design with mixtures.- 6.6.1 Three component mixture design.- 6.6.2 Four component mixture design.- 6.6.3 Simplex mixture screening design.- 6.7 Theoretical approach to formulation.- References.- 7 Design for bulk manufacture.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.1.1 The basic problem.- 7.1.2 Conditions for dispersion.- 7.1.3 Particulate solids.- 7.1.4 The continuous phase.- 7.2 Stages of bulk manufacture.- 7.2.1 Introduction.- 7.2.2 Stable base formulation.- 7.2.3 Initial dispersion formulation.- 7.2.4 Let-down stages.- 7.2.5 Completion.- 7.3 Types of dispersion equipment.- 7.3.1 Introduction.- 7.3.2 Ball mills.- 7.3.3 Attritors.- 7.3.4 Batch bead mills.- 7.3.5 High shear stress mixers.- 7.3.6 Low shear stress mixers.- 7.3.7 Other types of mixers.- 7.3.8 Continuous mills.- 7.3.9 Sand mills.- 7.4 Formulating for optimum wetting and dispersion.- 7.4.1 Introduction.- 7.4.2 Ball mills.- 7.4.3 Attritors.- 7.4.4 Batch bead mills.- 7.4.5 High shear stress mixers.- 7.4.6 Low shear stress mixers.- 7.4.7 Other high speed mixers.- 7.4.8 Continuous mills.- 7.5 Choice of equi...

Elliptical Flow: A Probe of the Pressure in Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions; H. Sorge. A Study of Low-Mass Dileptons at the CERn SPS; J. Murray, et al. Exclusive Study of Heavy Ion Collisions Using 2-8 AGeV Au Beams: Status of AGS Experiment E895; M. Kaplan. Analysis of the d/p Ratios in Au+Au Collisions at 11.1 GeV/c; E.J. Garcia-Solis. Recent Results from CERn-WA98; P. Stankus. Event-by-Event Physics at the CERN SPS; T. Trainor. Nuclear Temperature Measurement and Secondary Decay; X. Hongfei, et al. Net Proton and Negatively-Charged Hadron Spectra from the NA49 Experiment; M. Toy. Sequential and Pre-Equilibrion Nucleon Emission in Sn+Ca Reactions at 35 A MeV; D. Agnihotri, ete al. Dissipative Collisions and Multifragmentationi n the Fermi Energy Domain; W. Skulski. Fermionic Molecular Dynamics: Multifragmentation in Heavy-Ion Collisions and in Excited Nuclei; H. Felmeier, J. Schnack. Apparent Temperatures in Hot Quasi-Projectiles and the Caloric Curve; J. Peter, et al. Baryon Production in High Energy Pb-Pb Collissions - Recent Results from NA44; E.B. Holzer. Strangeness Production and Flow in Heavy-Ion Collisions; G.Q. Li, et al. Semihard Processes in Nuclear Collisions; K. Werner. 17 Additional Articles. Index.

Challenges and Opportunities in the Area of Environmental Biotechnology; G.S. Sayler. Advances in Sustainable Biotechnology: Global Trends Affecting Green Technology; D. Miller. Green Chemistry: Using Enzymes As Benign Substitutes for Synthetic Chemicals and Harsh Conditions in Industrial Processes; G.E. Nedwin. The State-of-The-Science in Environmental Biotechnology and Remediation: Phytoremediation Applications for Removing Heavy Metal Contamination from Soil and Water; B.D. Ensley, et al. The Role of Microbial PCB Dechlorination in Natural Restoration and Bioremediation; D.L. Bedard, H.M. Van Dort. Environmental Biotechnology at Home and Abroad: Environmental Biotechnology Issues in the United States Federal Government; D.J. Grimes. Environmental Monitoring, Risk Analysis, and Applications to Bioremediation: Environmentally Acceptable Endpoints: The Scientific Approach to Clean-Up Levels; D. Ritter. Advances in Wastewater Treatment Technology: Biotreatability Kinetics: A Critical Component in the Scale-Up of Wastewater Treatment Systems; C.P.L. Grady, Jr., et al. Summary: Biotechnology in the Sustainable Environment: A Review; J.J. Gauthier. 23 Additional Artricles. Index.

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Life strategies of fungi.- 2 The mycelium and substrates for growth.- 2.1 The mycelium.- 2.2 Spores and other mycelial-derived structures.- 2.3 Substrata and substrates for saprotrophs.- 3 Structure of fungal communities.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Development of fungal communities.- 3.3 Successions.- 4 Colonization and decomposition of leaves.- 4.1 Deposition.- 4.2 Colonization of living leaves.- 4.3 Factors affecting the development of fungal communities on leaf surfaces.- 4.4 Fungal successions in leaf litter.- 4.5 Decomposition of leaf litter.- 5 Development of fungal communities on herbaceous stems and grasses.- 5.1 Distribution of fungal populations on Dactylis glomerata.- 5.2 Interpretation of distribution patterns.- 5.3 Distribution patterns on other plants.- 6 Colonization and decay of wood.- 6.1 Wood as a resource.- 6.2 Colonization of woody tissues.- 6.3 Types of wood rot.- 6.4 Water relations.- 7 Fungi of soil and rhizosphere.- 7.1 Techniques for studying fungi of soil and roots.- 7.2 Fungal distribution in soil.- 7.3 Fungal activity in soil.- 7.4 The rhizosphere and root colonization.- 8 Coprophilous fungi.- 8.1 Succession of coprophilous fungi.- 8.2 Comparison of the fungal flora of different animal dungs.- 8.3 Autecological studies.- 9 Aquatic fungi.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Freshwater fungi.- 9.3 Marine fungi.- 10 Nematophagous fungi.- 10.1 Techniques for studying nematophagous fungi.- 10.2 Distribution and abundance.- 10.3 Ecological characteristics.- 10.4 Biological control of pathogenic nematodes.- 11 Phoenicoid fungi.- 11.1 Chemical, physical and biological changes in soil after burning.- 11.2 Ecological characteristics and phenology.- 11.3 Experimental studies.- 11.4 Fruiting of phoenicoid fungi following volcanic eruptions.- 12 Fungi of extreme environments.- 12.1 Thermotolerant and psychrotolerant fungi.- 12.2 Xerotolerant and osmotolerant fungi.- 13 Terrestrial macrofungi.- 13.1 Introduction.- 13.2 Wood-decay macrofungi.- 13.3 Litter decomposers.- 13.4 Mycorrhizal macrofungi.- References.

Whole Pattern Fitting, Rietveld Analysis, and Calculated Diffraction Patterns. Quantitative Phase Analysis by XRay Diffraction (XRD). Thin Film and Surface Characterization by XRD. Lattice Defects and XRay Topography. Texture Analysis by XRD. XRD Instrumentation, Techniques, and Reference Materials. Stress Determination by Diffraction Methods. XRD Profile Fitting, Crystallite Size and Strain Determination. XRD Applications: Detection Limits, Superconductors, Organics, Minerals. Mathematical Methods in XRay Spectrometry (XRS). Thin Film and Surface Characterization by XRS and XPS. Total Reflection XRS. XRS Techniques and Instrumentation. XRS Applications. XRay Imaging and Tomography. 161 articles. Index.

Pulse Generation and Detection: Terahertz Radiation from ElectroOptic Crystals (X.C. Zhang et al.). Photoconductive Semiconductor Switches for High Power Radiation (G.M. Loubriel). Broadband Electronic Systems and Components: Pulse Generation and Compression on a TravellingWave MMIC Schottky Diode Array (M. Dragoman et al.). Precursor of an UltraWideband Radar System (A.S. Podgorski). Antennas and Arrays: Impulse Radiating Antennas (C.E. Baum, E.G. Farr). WideBandwidth Radiation from Arrays of Endfire Tapered Slot Antennas (D.H. Schaubert). Pulse Propagation and Guidance: Ultrashort Pulse Response in Nonlinear Dispersive Media (R. Albanese et al.). Modulation and Noise in Soliton Pulse Trains (J.M. Arnold). Scattering Theory and Computation: Phase Error Control for FDTD Methods (P.G. Petropoulos). Signal Processing Techniques: Stable Pole Extraction from Scattering Data (S.U. Pillai, T.I. Shim). 49 additional articles. Index.