Books published by Springer Nature Singapore

This book presents a study of alternative penalties to the death penalty in China, aiming to promote theoretical exploration of death penalty reform in China as well as long-term penal reform. Currently, China is endeavouring to control the use of the death penalty and is gradually moving towards its abolition. The factors influencing the choice of the punishment option to replace the death penalty are complex and varied and include the traditional punishment culture, penalty concepts, the political system, the punishment system, public opinion and human rights, etc. Given the differences between China and developed Western democratic states, when we examine these influencing factors, we cannot ignore the culture of the punishment and the special political and legislation system in China. In this light, this work examined and analysed the factors that influence the choice of punishment option to replace the death penalty in this special political system with its clearly Chinese characteristics. Criminal policy and public opinion are two significant and typical factors involving obvious political considerations in China. The former normally reflects and carries out the will of the Government as expressed to the national management; the latter responds to the majority of citizens¿ view on the current legal system and it is, to a great extent, the basis for national leadership¿s running of the country. Even though life imprisonment without release (hereinafter, LWOR) has been stipulated by the Ninth Amendment for the crime of corruption, it should not be the preferable option as the alternative sanction to the death penalty because it is a kind of cruel torture and violates the constitutional principle of human rights protection. On the contrary, life imprisonment with possibility of release (hereinafter, LWPR) would be an option, but the termination mechanisms for inmates should be set out in accordance with the principle of proportional justice; aggravatedlife imprisonment can be chosen to replace the death penalty in China. In addition, there needs to be improvements made to the relevant criminal systems. By examining China's death penalty reform and long-term imprisonment reform, this book not only explains the methodology of the reform theoretically, but also pays attention to the issues of legislation and judicial practice. This book is of interest to scholars and researchers in the fields of criminal justice, penal reform issues, and crime control in China.

This open access book demonstrates the necessity, feasibility, and effectiveness of cultural adaptation in the translation of mental health scales into Chinese. It illustrates the key principles of culturally effective mental health translation, through offering in-depth discussions of the methods and techniques used to translate mental health materials into Chinese. This SpringerBrief title provides an essential reading for academics, researchers, students from language studies, public health and health communication who are interested to develop more advanced skills of translating and adapting mental health instruments for people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of fault tolerant control (FTC) for more-electric civil aircraft. FTC is a crucial approach to enhance the reliability and safety of aircraft in the event of actuator, sensor, or structural failures. Engineers and scientists from diverse disciplines, including aeronautics, electrical, mechanical, and control engineering, have been drawn to research on FTC. This book analyzes the impact of faults on performance degradation in dissimilar redundant actuation systems of civil aircraft and presents the FTC methods to ensure reliable actuation and efficient control. Additionally, this book addresses surface damage issues, such as the loss of elevator, horizontal stabilizer, and rudder, by providing representative FTC methods. The book¿s major highlight is its comprehensive and systematic approach to FTC design, making it an ideal resource for readers interested in learning about FTC design for civil aircraft. The book benefits researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of FTC, adaptive control, flight control, etc.

This book comprises the select proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference (IGC) 2022. The contents focus on recent developments in geotechnical engineering for a sustainable world. The book covers behavior of soils and soil¿structure interaction, soil stabilization, ground improvement, and land reclamation, shallow and deep foundations, geotechnical, geological and geophysical investigation, rock engineering, tunneling and underground structures, slope stability, landslides and liquefaction, earth retaining structures and deep excavations, geosynthetics engineering, geo-environmental engineering, sustainable geotechnics, and landfill design, geo-hydrology, dam and embankment engineering, earthquake geotechnical engineering, transportation geotechnics, forensic geotechnical engineering and retrofitting of geotechnical structures, offshore geotechnics, marine geology and sub-sea site investigation, computational, analytical and numerical modeling, and reliability in geotechnical engineering. The contents of this book are useful to researchers and professionals alike.

This book covers wide aspects of algal technology and algae-based biorefinery aspects. Algae are the most prevalent, primitive, and abundant microbes on Earth, however, the commercialization of algal-based value-added products is still low due to the negligible dissemination of knowledge flow among the stakeholders and researchers.This book provides up-to-date information on the cultivation of microalgae, their harvesting, downstream processing, and diverse applications. It further discusses the macromolecules existing in microalgae, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, peptides, exo-polysaccharides, flavonoids and antioxidants. This book also highlights the advantages and some real-time challenges before the establishment of sustainable algal-based biorefineries. Further, it includes clear flow charts and figures in each chapter to aid in interpretation of every technical concept. This book motivates readers, entrepreneurs, and young farmers to exploit easily growing microalgae through cottage to large-scale biorefineries and start their own businesses for the production of value-added products.

This book explores the potential of big data, artificial intelligence (AI), and data analytics to address climate change and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Furthermore, the book covers a wide range of related topics, including climate change data sources, big data analytics techniques, remote sensing, renewable energy, open data, public¿private partnerships, ethical and legal issues, and case studies of successful applications. The book also discusses the challenges and opportunities presented by these technologies and provides insights into future research directions.In order to address climate change and achieve the SDGs, it is crucial to understand the complex interplay between climate and environmental factors. The use of big data, AI, and data analytics can play a vital role in this effort by providing the means to collect, process, and analyze vast amounts of environmental data. This book is an essential resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners interested in leveraging these technologies to tackle the pressing challenge of climate change and achieve the SDGs.

This edited volume focuses on the study of stress in plants and how it can be effectively managed. With the growing global population, the importance of crop yield and stress management has become a critical issue, and this book offers solutions to these challenges. The book explores the impact of abiotic and biotic stressors on plant growth and development, including drought, salinity, temperature stress, pests, and diseases. It also examines the role of genetic engineering and biotechnology in developing stress-tolerant plants. It offers insights on the latest research and advancements in plant breeding, genomics, and proteomics, which are essential in developing crops that can withstand harsh environmental conditions. It offers solutions for managing these challenges, including genetic engineering, proteomics, and genomics. The book provides a detailed overview of the latest research and advancements in plant stress management and offers practical advice on how to apply these findings in real-world scenarios. It explores the impact of climate change on agricultural production and provides insights on how to develop stress-tolerant crops that can withstand changing environmental conditions. With its comprehensive coverage of the latest research and practical insights, the book is an invaluable guide for students, researchers, and professionals looking to develop sustainable agricultural practices and ensure food security for future generations.

This book shows six cases of rural grassroots cadres and masses exploring the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. These cases show the problems encountered in the work of rural leaders and the ideas to solve contradictions (policy and reality, individual and collective), reveal the importance of organization, governance, and talent building in rural development, and emphasize that promoting rural revitalization must empower the village collective and require the active participation of all sectors of society. This work can be used as a reference book for grassroots cadres, rural revitalization workers, the public, professional researchers, and teachers and students of colleges and universities to deeply understand the grassroots practical exploration and theoretical thinking and research of rural revitalization.

This book reports the developments of the Total Least Square (TLS) algorithms for parameter estimation and adaptive filtering. Specifically, it introduces the authors¿ latest achievements in the past 20 years, including the recursive TLS algorithms, the approximate inverse power iteration TLS algorithm, the neural based MCA algorithm, the neural based SVD algorithm, the neural based TLS algorithm, the TLS algorithms under non-Gaussian noises, performance analysis methods of TLS algorithms, etc. In order to faster the understanding and mastering of the new methods provided in this book for readers, before presenting each new method in each chapter, a specialized section is provided to review the closely related several basis models. Throughout the book, large of procedure of new methods are provided, and all new algorithms or methods proposed by us are tested and verified by numerical simulations or actual engineering applications. Readers will find illustrative demonstration examples on a range of industrial processes to study. Readers will find out the present deficiency and recent developments of the TLS parameter estimation fields, and learn from the the authors¿ latest achievements or new methods around the practical industrial needs. In my opinion, this book can be assimilated by advanced undergraduates and graduate students, as well as statisticians, because of the new tools in data analysis, applied mathematics experts, because of the novel theories and techniques that we propose, engineers, above all for the applications in control, system identification, computer vision, and signal processing.

This book comprehensively addresses the most challenging water issues in India in a changing climate for the first time and suggests potential solutions. It has been observed that over the past two decades, water usage has significantly increased in India due to population growth, economic development and an increase in multiple uses of water, including irrigation, hydropower, industries, domestic consumption, fisheries, eco-system needs and the environment. Indiäs water future is mainly influenced by rising food demand to feed the increasing population, emerging climate change impacts on agriculture and the water sector, the increasing cost of interventions, poor cost recovery, the low level of technology adoption and weak water policy.Artificial recharge of the groundwater aquifers, improved water use efficiency and the groundwater¿energy¿agriculture nexus are important for the future of Indiäs water planning and are well addressed in this book. Also covered are climate-smart practices, wastewater reuse methods, and digital water and agriculture tools. The book further analyses improved irrigation modernization plans and explores the potential for micro-irrigation expansion including canal and tank irrigation systems in the country.Overall, this book is one of the first of its kind to present Indiäs future water and irrigation issues with field-based solutions, providing lessons learnt from successful national and international case studies. The volume is a useful resource for a wide range of readers including policy makers, planners, donors, implementing agencies and researchers in the water sector.

The rapid pace of economic development and urbanization in Asia have led to several major problems such as greenhouse gas emissions, mass consumption, and depletion of natural resources. These problems pose a major threat to a sustainable future for Asia and are hindering many Asian countries' goal of becoming carbon-neutral by the middle of this century. Solving these problems requires a comprehensive understanding of the nature of energy consumption, exploitation of natural resources, and deterioration of the environment.To accelerate the green energy transition and promote efficient resource use in Asia, a range of policy options and joint efforts among Asian countries will be required, including carbon pricing, resource tax reform, the expansion of transition finance, support for the development of low-carbon, and resource-efficient social infrastructure. However, Asia is home to many countries, each in a different stage of economic development and with its own culture and customs. Practical implementation of these policies will require bringing together researchers, policymakers, and citizens to share their knowledge and engage in discussions to generate policy ideas that are appropriate for each country. The purpose of this book is to share theoretical and empirical knowledge and convey policy implications that can be expected to accelerate energy transition and resource use effectiveness toward a sustainable future in Asia.

This book discusses key concepts, challenges and potential solutions in connection with established and emerging topics in advanced computing, renewable energy and network communications. Gathering edited papers presented at MARC 2018 on July 19, 2018, it will help researchers pursue and promote advanced research in the fields of electrical engineering, communication, computing and manufacturing.

This proceedings book presents the latest research in the fields of information theory, communication system, computer science and signal processing, as well as other related technologies. Collecting selected papers from the 3rd Conference on Signal and Information Processing, Networking and Computers (ICSINC), held in Chongqing, China on September 13-15, 2017, it is of interest to professionals from academia and industry alike.

This book covers the basic knowledge of biojet fuel, explores the current technological status, and presents future prospects for commercial biojet fuel production. The focus of this book is on biojet fuel production from different types of potential substrates. It also includes technoeconomic analysis and life cycle assessment of biojet fuel. Biojet fuel is currently recognized as the best alternative to petroleum-based jet fuel due to its renewability and sustainable features. However, there is a scarcity of reports on biojet fuel production from various types of substrates.The aviation industry globally consumes approximately 200 million tonnes of jet fuels each year, with a projected continuous growth rate of 5% per year until 2050 (Seymour et al., 2020). Currently, the global demand for jet fuel is predominantly met by petroleum-based fuels. However, the limited availability of fossil fuels and increasing concerns about climate change have placed significant pressure on commercial airlines to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and embrace cleaner and more sustainable practices.Biojet fuel has emerged as the most favorable alternative to petroleum-based jet fuel due to its renewable nature and sustainable characteristics. Despite its potential, there is a limited number of reports available on the production of biojet fuel from different types of substrates. The present scenario of biojet fuel necessitates the development of improved and cost-effective technologies that can yield long-term benefits.The book is useful for students and researchers in various branches of life sciences, including environmental biotechnology, bioprocess engineering, renewable energy, chemical engineering, nanotechnology, biotechnology, microbiology, and more.

Genetic Programming Theory and Practice brings together some of the most impactful researchers in the field of Genetic Programming (GP), each one working on unique and interesting intersections of theoretical development and practical applications of this evolutionary-based machine learning paradigm. Topics of particular interest for this year¿s book include powerful modeling techniques through GP-based symbolic regression, novel selection mechanisms that help guide the evolutionary process, modular approaches to GP, and applications in cybersecurity, biomedicine, and program synthesis, as well as papers by practitioner of GP that focus on usability and real-world results. In summary, readers will get a glimpse of the current state of the- art in GP research.

This book comprehensively reviews the disease dynamics, distribution, surveillance, epidemiology, diagnosis, control strategies, and management of the desert malaria. It highlights the potential risks of unstable but often exacerbated malaria conflagration as epidemics in the middle of duned desert, a desert oasis, and desert-fringe regions. Further, it reveals the factors inveigled into desert environments due to extensive anthropogenic activities such as canalized irrigation projects, high-yielding new agriculture practices, human concentration, and increased trade. It addresses the impact of irrigation on the malarial dynamics and its coupling to the climate forcing. The book also offers a model for desert transformation into malaria heaven under the changed climatic conditions including high rainfall, humidity, and depletion in temperature. Lastly, it offers insight into malaria epidemiology and disease control in the desert¿s arid environments. This book is an essential resource for medical entomologists, parasitologists, epidemiologists, and public health researchers.

This book focuses on integrated disaster risk reduction arising out of climate change and shows how communities build resilience through adaptive and transformative strategies at the local and global levels. It integrates disaster risk, uncertainty, and maladaptation to climate change with evidence from empirical research and a systematic review of existing studies. The book also proposes two important contributions, which makes it distinctive. First, it gives a systematic review of the literature to capture the changing context and concept of risk, uncertainty, and maladaptation to climate change. Second, it uses case studies from around the globe to demonstrate the ways that communities have fostered to build resilience to mitigate the impacts of climate change.There is a growing recognition that decision-makers often rely on intuitive thinking processes rather than undertaking a systematic analysis of options in a deliberative fashion. This latter approach requires accepting a plurality of narratives, embracing multiple disciplinary perspectives, and above all, integrating the appropriate disciplines that can help in finding better solutions. Thus, the book adds value to the existing knowledge on climate change adaptation, perception, and policy initiatives to address disaster risk reduction. It considers all these interconnected issues of risk, uncertainty, and maladaptation through a series of conceptual review- and evidence-based case studies to create new knowledge to address climate change adaptation and a resilient future. The book is a useful contribution to resilience scientists, policymakers, and practitioners from diverse disciplines.

This book focuses on the key issues around Chinese reform in the past 40 years, including economic structure upgrading, finance reform, enterprise ecology, village modernization, ecological development, income structure, global governance, BRI, and governance model. It collects the most important concerns and reveals the deep logic behind the reform. By reading this book, it helps readers to grasp the engine of China's continuous growth toward modernization in the four decades.

The book presents the select proceedings of International Conference on Structural Health Monitoring and Engineering Structures (SHM&ES) 2020. It brings together different applied and technological aspects of structural health monitoring. The main topics covered in this book include damage assessment, structural health monitoring, engineering fracture mechanics, Inverse problem using optimization techniques, machine learning, deep learning, Artificial intelligent and non-destructive evaluation. It will be a reference for professionals and students in the areas of civil engineering, applied natural sciences and engineering management.

The collection contains materials of archival documents and memoirs concerning the famine of 1931-1933 in Central Kazakhstan. Various documents from the archives reveal to the reader the most difficult period of the Soviet history of Kazakhstan, associated with the dispossession of the kulaks and debaiization of the Kazakh village and aul, Stalinist forced collectivization, forced sedentarization of nomadic Kazakh farms, large-scale cattle, meat and grain procurements, famine and epidemics in the republic. The publication introduces previously unpublished archival materials from the Central and regional archives of Kazakhstan into scientific circulation. In addition, the collection includes the memories of famine witnesses preserved by their descendants. The collection is addressed to researchers, students, as well as a wide range of readers interested in the history of Kazakhstan.

Bamboo is considered one of the most sustainable and versatile building materials, driving the development of multiple techniques for its study and utilization. With new techniques to better analyze, comprehend, and exploit its uses, the plant can be used in numerous applications. From direct building material to composites, this book explores the latest developments in the application of bamboo in the sustainable construction industry.

This book is a collection of articles that the author has pondered for a long time on the legal theory and practice of China's civil law. It mainly discusses the systematic, scientific and practical issues of Chinese civil law. At the macro level, it covers the relationship between the general provisions and the specific provisions of the Civil Code, the introduction, decline and revival of the Pandekton system in the process of drafting the Civil Code in China, and the important position of the Civil Code in the national governance system; at the meso level, it analyses the legislative arrangement and practical significance of the real right of the Civil Code; at the micro level, it explains the attribute of "unauthorised disposal" and the legal basis for the abolition of this clause in the Contract Law.

This book restores to view a masterpiece of beauty and legal scholarship, which has been lost for almost two hundred years. Produced anonymously in 1838, The Tree of Legal Knowledge is an elaborate visualization in five large colored plates of the law as stated in Sir William Blackstone¿s Commentaries on the Laws of England. Intended as ¿an assistant for students in the study of law,¿ the study aid was not a simple diagram but a beautiful tree with each branch and twig labeled with legal terms and concepts from the Commentaries. Not for law students only, the original was also intended to be of use to the practicing attorney and educated gentleman ¿in consolidating his learning and forming an instructive and ornamental appendage to an office.¿Although Blackstone¿s Commentaries had been first published eighty years earlier, it remained the primary source for knowledge of English law and required reading for American law students. The Commentaries remain relevant today and are frequently cited by the U.S. Supreme Court as a source for the original understanding of legal rights and obligations at the time of American Independence. Despite its artistic beauty and academic significance, The Tree of Legal Knowledge had seemingly disappeared shortly after its publication. It is not included in the collection of any library, including the Library of Congress or in Yale University¿s Blackstone Collection, the largest in the world. It is not listed in the comprehensive Bibliographical Catalog of William Blackstone, edited by Ann Jordan Laeuchli, published for the Yale Law Library in 2015. The present volume reproduces the only extant copy of The Tree of Legal Knowledge. It includes an introduction by the editor that places The Tree in historical context and identifies the anonymous author, an otherwise unknown lawyer. In addition, it reprints the original author¿s introduction and ¿explanation of the branches,¿ both extensively annotated. This book restores this lost masterpiece to its proper place in legal history. The Tree is a beautiful¿and accurate¿depiction of English law as expounded in Blackstone¿s Commentaries, the single most important book in the history of the common law.