Books published by Springer Nature Singapore

This book investigates in detail the two-dimensional packing and cutting problems in the field of operations research and management science. It introduces the mathematical models and intelligent solving algorithms for these problems, as well as their engineering applications. Most intelligent methods reported in this book have already been applied in reality, which can provide reference for the engineers. The presented novel methods for the two-dimensional packing problem provide a new way to solve the problem for researchers interested in operations research or computer science. This book also introduces three new variants of packing problems and their solving methods, which offer a different research direction. The book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in the solving methods for packing and cutting problems, researchers investigating the application of intelligent algorithms, scientists studying the theory of the operations research and CAM software developers working on integration of packing and cutting problem. 

Plants create a dynamic micro-biosphere in the soil, around the roots, called as 'rhizosphere', which harbors diverse number of microorganisms for sustaining their growth and development.  A soil with diverse and multi-traits microbial communities is considered healthy to enhance crop productivity. In the last decades, rhizosphere biology has gained attention due to unraveling of new mechanisms, processes and molecules in the rhizosphere that contributes towards the promotion of plant productivity. The rhizospheric microbes and associated processes are being utilized for harnessing potential of soils in effective and sustainable functioning in the agro-ecosystems. Broadly, the book discusses rhizospheric microbes and their role in modulating functions of soil and crop plant. Specifically, it highlights conventional and modern aspects of rhizosphere microbes such as - microbiome in the rhizosphere, microbes as an indicator and promoter of soil health, rhizosphere microbes as biofertilizer, biostimulator and biofortifyer, microbial signaling in the rhizosphere, recent tools in deciphering rhizobiome, and regulatory mechanisms for commercialization of biofertilizer, biopesticide and biostimulator. The book is useful for agriculture scientist, biotechnologist, plant pathologist, mycologist, and microbiologist, farming community, scientist of R&D organization, as well as teaching community, researcher and student and policy maker.

This book covers aspects of biological nitrogen fixation along with the unique signaling and interaction between the diazotrophic bacteria and plants, especially the non-legumes. Nitrogen is the most important growth-limiting nutrient in the ecosystems and biological nitrogen fixation involving microbial symbionts, mainly rhizobia and legumes holds enormous interest across the globe. However, free-living rhizobacteria of non-legumes especially cereals, also establish themselves within the root system, fixing nitrogen and contributing to plant productivity, soil fertility, and agricultural sustainability. These non-symbiotic nitrogen fixers additionally exhibit various plant growth-promoting traits elevating productivity, fortifying nutrient content, and managing water stress in plants. The recent perspectives highlighting the mechanisms and background of non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation provide answers to unravel the potential of nitrogenase and various spectra of habitats of rhizobia and other diazotrophic bacteria. Further, the application of genetic engineering and the development of nitrogen-fixing cereals can provide a possible solution to the problem of food shortage. The book includes various scientific inputs providing comprehensive knowledge about the emergence of agricultural sustainability through nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The book illustrates the systematic mechanisms involved in biological nitrogen fixation through various illustrations, schematic drawings, and flow charts aiding in better understanding. The chapters elaborate on the physiology and metabolism of plant-bacteria interaction in different crops under diverse environmental conditions. Thus, the volume will provide a holistic scenario helping in advancing the novel plant-microbe interactions, cell-signaling, and plant-molecular interactions. The book will assist the agronomists, microbiologists, ecologists, plant pathologists, molecular biologists, environmentalists, policymakers, conservationists, and NGOs to develop biofertilizers and bioinoculants using various genera of microbes and contribute to the targets of sustainable goals in an eco-friendly manner.

This book focuses on the multi-omics big-data integration, the data-mining techniques and the cutting-edge omics researches in principles and applications for a deep understanding of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and diseases from the following aspects: (1) Basics about multi-omics data and analytical methods for TCM and diseases. (2) The needs of omics studies in TCM researches, and the basic background of omics research in TCM and disease. (3) Better understanding of the multi-omics big-data integration techniques. (4) Better understanding of the multi-omics big-data mining techniques, as well as with different applications, for most insights from these omics data for TCM and disease researches. (5) TCM preparation quality control for checking both prescribed and unexpected ingredients including biological and chemical ingredients. (6) TCM preparation source tracking.  (7) TCM preparation network pharmacology analysis. (8) TCM analysis data resources, web services, and visualizations. (9) TCM geoherbalism examination and authentic TCM identification. Traditional Chinese Medicine has been in existence for several thousands of years, and only in recent tens of years have we realized that the researches on TCM could be profoundly boosted by the omics technologies. Devised as a book on TCM and disease researches in the omics age, this book has put the focus on data integration and data mining methods for multi-omics researches, which will be explained in detail and with supportive examples the "e;What"e;, "e;Why"e; and "e;How"e; of omics on TCM related researches. It is an attempt to bridge the gap between TCM related multi-omics big data, and the data-mining techniques, for best practice of contemporary bioinformatics and in-depth insights on the TCM related questions.

This book discusses generalized applications of energy storage systems using experimental, numerical, analytical, and optimization approaches. The book includes novel and hybrid optimization techniques developed for energy storage systems. It provides a range of applications of energy storage systems on a single platform. The book broadly covers-thermal management of electronic components in portable electronic devices; modeling and optimization aspects of energy storage systems; management of power generation systems involving renewable energy; testing, evaluation, and life cycle assessment of energy storage systems, etc. This book will serve as a reference resource for researchers and practitioners in academia and industry.

This edited volume is a compilation of peer-reviewed papers of the plenary lectures, keynote lectures, special lectures and young researcher's special lectures delivered at the 1st International Symposium on Construction Resources for Environmentally Sustainable Technologies (CREST 2020) organized by Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. The book focuses on sustainability, promotion of new ideas and innovations in design, construction and maintenance of geotechnical structures with the aim of contributing towards climate change adaptation and disaster resiliency to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It presents latest research, information, technological advancement, practical challenges encountered, and solutions adopted in the field of geotechnical engineering for sustainable infrastructure towards climate change adaptation. This volume will be of interest to those in academia and industry alike. 

What can Chinese economists learn from the Japanese economic boom and subsequent stagnation? This project aims to institutionally and empirically investigate the growth mechanism and determinants of sustainable development in China compared with Japanese experiences. This is the first challenge in conducting a comparative study on China and Japan¿s economic growth and development. We aim to investigate the economic system transition and its influence on the Chinese and Japanese economy from macroeconomic and microeconomic perspectives. This book will interest economists, scholars of comparative politics, and scholars of China or Japan's economic development.

This book illustrates various applications of quantum dots (QDs) in the biomedical field and future perspectives. It first introduces the synthesis procedures and fundamental properties of QDs. In addition, the optical detection techniques and toxicologic reviews of QDs are presented. A focus of the book is also on the applications of QDs in cancer therapy, drug delivery, bio-sensing, and targeted molecular therapy. This book is exciting and valuable to a wide variety of readership communities (students, early-stage researchers, and scientists) in the various fields of biology and medicine.

The book presents high quality research papers presented at International Conference on Computational Intelligence (ICCI 2021) held online during 27-28 December, 2021. The topics covered are artificial intelligence, neural network, deep learning techniques, fuzzy theory and systems, rough sets, self-organizing maps, machine learning, chaotic systems, multi-agent systems, computational optimization ensemble classifiers, reinforcement learning, decision trees, support vector machines, hybrid learning, statistical learning. metaheuristics algorithms: evolutionary and swarm-based algorithms like genetic algorithms, genetic programming, differential evolution, particle swarm optimization, whale optimization, spider monkey optimization, firefly algorithm, memetic algorithms. And also machine vision, Internet of Things, image processing, image segmentation, data clustering, sentiment analysis, big data, computer networks, signal processing, supply chain management, web and text mining, distributed systems, bioinformatics, embedded systems, expert system, forecasting, pattern recognition, planning and scheduling, time series analysis, human-computer interaction, web mining, natural language processing, multimedia systems, and quantum computing.

This up-to-date and comprehensive textbook is essential reading material for advanced undergraduate and graduate students with a course module in genetics and developmental biology. The book provides clear, concise, and rigorous foundational concepts of genetics. It opens with an introductory chapter that provides an overview of genetics. The book includes separate and detailed sections on classical genetics, molecular genetics, and population genetics. It covers basic and foundational principles such as Mendelian genetics, chromosomal theory, transcription, translation, mutation, and gene regulation. It further includes chapters on advanced topics such as molecular genetic techniques, genomics, and applied molecular genetics. The concluding section includes chapters on population genetics, developmental genetics, and evolutionary genetics. The chapters are written by authors with in-depth knowledge of the field. The book is replete with interesting examples, case studies, questions and suggested reading. It is useful to students and course instructors in the field of human genetics, developmental biology, life sciences, and biotechnology. It is also meant for researchers who wish to further their understanding about the fundamental concepts of genetics.

This edited book is a comprehensive compilation of principles, conventional and molecular approaches used to develop improved varieties and hybrids of major crops in light of their origin, evolution, taxonomy, production and productivity and need by human civilization. The book covers breeding prospects of all important food and commercial crops. It highlights the importance of breeding tools and techniques in ensuring food security. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, agriculture scientists, capacity builders, and policymakers. Also, the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, soil science, and environmental sciences. National and international agricultural scientists and policymakers will find this book useful.

This book addresses the interaction between the soil foundation and the subway shield tunnels under the vibration loading, including the dynamic response of the track inside the shield tunnel, the dynamic properties of soil around the subway shield tunnel, the mechanical properties of subway tunnel, and the long-term settlement of the subway tunnel. Given its scope, it offers a valuable reference guide for designers and construction researchers alike, as well as senior undergraduates and graduate students at colleges and universities.

This book presents the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Emerging Electronics & Automation (E2A) 2022. The proceedings aim to provide the reader with a view of the latest scientific efforts and achievements of the participants in the emerging fields including instrumentation, control, signal processing, communication, and associated computational techniques. It covers diverse fields of electronics, computation, automation, microelectronic technology, nanomaterials, and biomedical engineering applications. This volume will be of interest to those in academia and industry.

This book focuses on Chinese cases on the CISG decided by Chinese courts of all levels, focusing on 2011 to 2012. During this period, the number of cases grew fast compared to 2006 to 2010. The total number of cases remained relatively low, the reasons of which might be the following: parties were not familiar with the CISG and therefore decided to opt out of it; in addition, the case collection and report systems in China at that time were not as developed as now, rendering many cases inaccessible.This book provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of selected cases. The analysis of those cases is on a case-by-case basis. For each case, an English summary of the judgment is provided. In the comment, the People¿s Courts¿ approach to the interpretation and application of the CISG is emphasized. Comments of the individual case are written either by scholars or judges or lawyers from international and comparative perspective to discuss the successes and pitfalls of the interpretation and application of the CISG.

This book describes many types of Conference matrices and shows the case studies of application. Also, this book deals with putting the operation procedure and data analysis for optimizing. After reading this book, many researchers in universities or industries directly can apply various methods in this book to researching subjects. And it saves the trial numbers, cost and time around 1/3¿1/2 in total research activities. Especially, this book contributes SDGs and saving GLOBAL warming which need to countermeasures as well.

This book examines the academic legacy of the Han dynasty. It explicates the line between the explaining of a classical text (¿¿) and the study of classical texts and their interpretation (¿¿¿). The study of hermeneutics was developed already, including the Chinese specific figure, meaning, sound, interpretation, and rites and systems.It details analyses of the Confucian School, Daoist School, Yin-Yang School, Legalist School, Terminologist School, Mohist School, Political Strategist School, Syncretist School, Agriculturalist School, and Literalist School.Among important classical works of the Han Dynasty examined throughout the book Shiji, Hanshu and Hanji are deeply analysed. Referring to various works during the Earlier and Later Han Dynasty, the author details categories of historiographical writing, i.e., the category of classical, official, and miscellaneous history, and different branches of analysis and interpretation.The book expatiates chapters on astronomy, mathematics, geography, agriculture, and medicine. Among these are the three theories on sky, the mathematics, map drawing, ox-plowing, an agricultural treatise, water project examinations, and the process of knowledge transfer and advancement in medicine during the Han Dynasty.

This book focuses on the attitudes of Macao tertiary students toward language after the handover. It shares the findings of a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews, which were conducted among freshmen of the University of Macao to investigate their attitudes toward Cantonese, Putonghua, English, and Portuguese, as well as their attitudes toward Macao's language planning and language policy. Utilizing a multidimensional and multilayered perspective in the study, this book also demonstrates the orientations of Macao tertiary students and the correlation between their social categories (gender and social class) and their attitudes toward language.

This book focuses on the discourse of de-globalisation in Malaysia by looking at the implications of this process politically, economically, socially, and environmentally. The rise of right-wing political parties and a decline in global economic interdependence have rapidly fuelled the de-globalisation process by creating conflicts and uncertainties in many parts of the world. The battle against the Covid-19 pandemic has spurred a great challenge among the global community, thus becoming a catalyst in the de-globalising process worldwide. While there have been contested opinions on whether we are now in the temporary phase of de-globalisation, what is clear is that the pandemic adds momentum to the trend. Now that the world has entered the post-Covid-19 phase, is the discourse of de-globalisation still relevant? Since the emergence of this pandemic, Malaysia has been facing not only a change of government but also a rapid decline in its economy, a rise in unemployment and living costs, with the human rights situation deteriorating as the State of Emergency was imposed. All of these add up to a shift toward de-globalisation. Chapters in this book, therefore, engage with this issue from different perspectives, such as conventional warfare, bio-constitutional implications to the right to health, labour, migrants and refugees, digital education, indigenous people and so forth.

This book systematically covers diagnostic imaging of lung cancers, including epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors, and hematolymphoid tumors, with emphasis on relationship between classification, molecular pathology, clinical findings, imaging manifestations and pathological discussion. In each chapter, selective cases and wealthy of typical illustrations are presented for helping readers to have an in-depth understanding of key points in differential diagnosis of different types of lung cancers. It will be an ideal reference for physicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancers.

This is an open access book.How Designers are Transforming Healthcare is a bold manifesto for change, demonstrating the value of a strategic design-led approach. Drawing on a rich array of real-world projects, this book illustrates how designers, in collaboration with clinicians and consumers, are co-creating transformative change across healthcare environments, products, services, and systems.In a fascinating multi-voice conversation, this book outlines how design methods and mindsets, including co-design, prototyping, design and futures thinking, facilitates creative problem-solving. The ideas, tools, and challenges in How Designers are Transforming Healthcare make it a vital text - a doer¿s guide - for designers, clinicians, academics, consumers, and policymakers seeking innovative strategies for engagement, innovation and improvement in healthcare.

Variations of a Building tells the story of the making of a building. Based on a multi-sited ethnography of the building project for Aviva Studios (formerly, Factory) in Manchester, U.K., a theatre/cultural space designed by the architectural firm OMA, it explores the challenges of sharing in the act of creation by following the everyday practices of designers. Beyond the world of the architects, this book foregrounds a variety of other practices and realities at stake in the building, and offers a rare account of a building project from the point of view of the broader design and project team. More than the making of a building, it argues that it is also an experiment with, and reshaping of, a common world, showing what design practices and building projects can teach us about sharing in acts of creation and knowing. This book will be of interest to researchers and students of architecture, design, urban studies, Actor-Network Theory and Science and Technology Studies.

This book focuses on eco-evaluation system monitoring and sensing, carbon-water modeling, mapping, and disaster prediction. It is the 3rd book on tropical peatland issues, following 1st "Tropical Peatland Ecosystem" and 2nd "Tropical Peatland Eco-management" publications. Tropical peatland is also a wetland, mangrove, and rainforest. With this nature, two major key elements of tropical peatland are water and forest. This book introduces the relationship and interaction among water, oxygen, and nutrients as well as aspects of the forest as the driving force of carbon stock and the carbon cycle. Eco-evaluation system is key to conserving, managing, and restoring tropical peatlands, however comprehensive system for Eco-evaluation in the Tropics is not yet established. This book reviews and proposes Eco-evaluation methods in the Tropics Ecosystem, focusing mainly on the peatland ecosystem and others, covering Social Capital such as Credit, Bonds, National Accounting, etc.

This book includes best selected, high-quality research papers presented at the International Conference on Intelligent Manufacturing and Energy Sustainability (ICIMES 2023) held at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malla Reddy College of Engineering & Technology (MRCET), Hyderabad, India, during June 23¿24, 2023. It covers topics in the areas of automation, manufacturing technology, and energy sustainability and also includes original works in the intelligent systems, manufacturing, mechanical, electrical, aeronautical, materials, automobile, bioenergy, and energy sustainability.

This book explores cutting-edge research on the discovery and application of marine bioactive molecules for biomedical and pharmacotherapeutic purposes. The book begins by delving into the bioprospection of marine sponge microbiomes for bioactive metabolites using advanced metagenomics tools. It then explores metagenome mining approaches for the discovery of marine microbial natural products. The use of marine-derived fungi as a source of anticancer secondary metabolites is also discussed. The book then turns to the biomedical applications of marine-derived biomaterials, including marine biopolymers in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Marine-derived pharmaceuticals and polymeric nanostructures for cancer treatment are also examined. Next, the book looks at the use of marine microbial sources for the synthesis of metallic nanomaterials, prospects, current development, and challenges in nanomedicine. The book continues by exploring the treasure trove of natural polymers for tissue engineering in the marine environment. It also discusses the immunomodulatory and therapeutic potential of marine-derived astaxanthin, current developments, and prospects. Finally, the book concludes by exploring the recent progress in marine-derived nutraceuticals and marine phytoplankton bioactive compounds and their applications in medicine.