Books published by Springer Nature Singapore

This book states that a space-induced crisis is recognized as the cause of trouble that Moore's Law is currently facing. The contemporary practice of this empirical law can be considered as happening within a space-dominant paradigm. An alternative of exploiting potential in the dimension of time is identified as an emerging paradigm in microelectronics. The new practice is termed a time-oriented paradigm. It is justified as the turn of Moore's Law from space to time. The resultant Time-Moore strategy is envisioned as the next-generation enabler for continuing Moore's Law's pursuit of everhigher information processing power and efficiency. It also serves as the perpetuation of the spirit that Moore's law is nothing but a collective storied history of innovations. In the first part of this book, by following Thomas Kuhn's seminal work around the concepts of paradigm and scientific revolution, the argument for the Time-Moore strategy (Time-Moore: to use time more) and the paradigm shift from space to time is carried out heavily through philosophical persuasion rather than technical proof due to the difficult challenge of change-of-mindset. The second part of the book provides solid technical materials for supporting this transition from the old paradigm to the new one. In short, the goal of this book is to reevaluate the contemporary practice of microelectronics, identify the cause of the current crisis, advocate a change-of-mindset to circumvent the crisis, and ultimately point out a new route for advancing. After achieving so many unprecedented accomplishments through several decades of relentless endeavor, it's time for the big ship of Moore's Law (i.e., the art of microelectronic system design) to make a turn.

This book is the second edition of the one originally published in 2016, as the first comprehensive treatment on the fundamentals of hydrogen embrittlement of metallic materials, mainly steel. The book provides students and researchers engaging in hydrogen problems with a unified view of the subject. Establishing reliable principles for materials design against hydrogen embrittlement and assessing their performance are recent urgent industrial needs in developing high-strength steel for hydrogen energy equipment and weight-reducing vehicles. The interdisciplinary nature of the subject, covering metal physics, materials science, and mechanics of fracture, has disturbed a profound understanding of the problem. In this book, previous studies are critically reviewed, and supplemental descriptions of fundamental ideas are presented when necessary. Emphasis is placed on experimental facts, with particular attention to their implication rather than phenomenological appearance. The adopted experimental conditions are also noted since the operating mechanism of hydrogen might differ by material and environment. For theories, employed assumptions and premises are noted to examine their versatility. Progress in the past decade in experimental and theoretical tools is remarkable and has nearly unveiled characteristic features of hydrogen embrittlement. Proposed models have almost covered feasible aspects of the function of hydrogen. This second edition has enriched the contents with recent crucial findings. Chapters on the manifestation of embrittlement in the deterioration of mechanical properties and microscopic features are reorganized, and the description is revised for the convenience of readers' systematic understanding. A new chapter is created for delayed fracture in atmospheric environments as a conclusive subject of critical ideas presented in this book.

This book presents a discussion on Chinese people's internal and external psychologies and logics, as well as the respective stage of social development and cultural context they were raised in, and from sociological, social psychological, and cultural anthropological perspectives. In particular, the book explores the relationship between Chinese people's behaviors and China's social and cultural structure. It puts forward a theoretical framework for the analysis of Chinese social behaviors, which is based on the realistic aspects of Chinese people's day-to-day-lives. The book also concludes that any attempt to study Chinese psychologies and behaviors should "seek the constant among the changes, or at least those aspects that are hardest to change" and investigate the context and background, which can provide a point of departure for current and future research.

This book continues the discussion of the effects of artificial intelligence in terms of economics and finance. In particular, the book focuses on the effects of the change in the structure of financial markets, institutions and central banks, along with digitalization analyzed based on fintech ecosystems. In addition to finance sectors, other sectors, such as health, logistics, and industry 4.0, all of which are undergoing an artificial intelligence induced rapid transformation, are addressed in this book.Readers will receive an understanding of an integrated approach towards the use of artificial intelligence across various industries and disciplines with a vision to address the strategic issues and priorities in the dynamic business environment in order to facilitate decision-making processes. Economists, board members of central banks, bankers, financial analysts, regulatory authorities, accounting and finance professionals, chief executive officers, chief audit officers and chief financial officers, chief financial officers, as well as business and management academic researchers, will benefit from reading this book.

This book constitutes refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Big Data, Machine Learning, and Applications, BigDML 2021. The volume focuses on topics such as computing methodology; machine learning; artificial intelligence; information systems; security and privacy. This volume will benefit research scholars, academicians, and industrial people who work on data storage and machine learning.

This open access book employs Paul Ricoeur's methodologies to identify, challenge, and replace with responsible language the many continuing abuses of power, including in the university curriculum and in the international discourse of right-wing populism. Using Ricoeur¿s philosophy, the book provides a meta-frame for current debates about the university and a pragmatic micro-frame for supporting staff and students to develop important conversations on campus. It introduces the Community of Inquiry approach and describes its use to engage with complex ideas on which society has recently become silent. By contrasting Ricoeur¿s work on Algeria and his work in Chicago, USA, .a bias blind spot is revealed in his desire for dialectical balance and reciprocity. This prevented him (and for some years the author) from accepting the connections between colonialism, slavery and racism and the urgent need for reparative justice. With Ricoeur, the readers can think differently: howto recognize and tackle racism and the democratic deficit, how to reduce epistemic injustice by learning how to speak out, how to move away from forced polarities and develop a pedagogy of hope as well as an acceptance of provisionality and the intractability of certain existential problems.

The book presents recent applications and developments in the field of control of industrial systems, covering a wide range of modeling and feedback control using various robust approaches such as fuzzy systems, sliding mode control, and H-infinity. This book provides insights into theory, applications, and perspectives relevant to the field of robotic systems, exoskeletons, power systems, photovoltaic systems, etc., as well as general methodologies and paradigms around them. Each chapter provides an enriched understanding of a research topic along with a balanced treatment of the relevant theories, methods, or applications. It reports on the latest advances in the field. This book is a good reference for graduate students, researchers, educators, engineers, and scientists and contains a total of 15 chapters divided into five parts as follows. The first part of this book focuses on the application of fuzzy control to robotic systems and consists of threechapters. The second part of this book proposes the control of lower and upper limb exoskeletons and includes two chapters. The third part is dedicated to the control of power systems and comprises three chapters. The fourth part deals with various approaches to the modeling and control of industrial processes and comprises four chapters. The fifth and final part describes observers and fault-tolerant control systems and comprises five chapters.

This book highlights the latest knowledge and innovations in the fields of civil engineering and construction industry striving for a sustainable built environment. It consists of high quality and innovative research findings selected from the proceedings of the 13th ICSBE 2022 under the themes of sustainable construction, urban green infrastructure and planning, rainwater harvesting and water conservation, high-performance concrete, indoor environmental quality and indoor plants, wind and hydro-power energy, waste and wastewater management for enhanced sustainability, impacts of climate change, carbon footprint, global climate model and landscaping, material flows and industrial ecology, sustainable materials, etc.

This book invites senior experts and scholars from the fields of Chinese archaeology and history to describe ten influential "national treasure-level" cultural antiquities. Spanning from the Neolithic Age to modernity and with content ranging from the origin of civilizations to the red cultural relics, the book covers cultural antiquities, including: the Clay Figurine, the Painted Pottery Plate with Coiling Long Pattern (from the Neolithic Period), the Turquoise-inlaid and Long-shaped Bronze Object (of the Xia Dynasty), the Ivory Goblet Inlaid with Turquoise (of the Shang Dynasty), the He Zun (Ritual Wine Vessel), the Ox-shaped Zun (Wine Vessel), the Arm Protector with Animal and Clouds (and embroidered with the Chinese characters meaning "five stars appear in the East, which is a sign of Chinese victory over the Qiang"), the Beast-head-shaped Agate Cup (of the Tang Dynasty), the Imperial Gilt Gold Mesh Crown with Two Upright Wings (of the Ming Dynasty), etc. The text features not only scientific rigor but is also enjoyable to read and thought-provoking.

This book presents selected papers from 13th Research Symposium of 15th Urban Mobility India Conference & Expo 2022. It focuses on sustainable Atmanirbhar urban mobility with an interdisciplinary approach spanning the fields of economics, planning, management, and engineering. It covers a wide variety of topics like smart city and smart mobility, sustainable transportation planning and policy, public transport and non-motorized transport (NMT), road safety for vulnerable road users (VRUs), and urban transport infrastructure design for all, sustainable mobility and land use (LU), sustainable urban freight, electric urban mobility, and urban transport governance. This book is of interest to the graduates, postgraduates, and Ph.D. students to advance their research in the field of transportation systems engineering. This book is also helpful to urban and transport planners and managers, traffic analysts, consultants, transportation advisors, and experts in planning, developing, operating, managing, and executing the transportation projects.

This book gives a complete overview of current developments in the fabrication and diverse applications of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials synthesized from agricultural/horticultural products and organic waste materials. Nanoparticles are thought to have been present on earth naturally since its origin in the form of soil, water, volcanic dust, and minerals. Besides their natural origin, they have been also synthesized by using physical, chemical, and biological means. The chapters in this book look at agricultural as well as horticultural wastes from industries, such as palm oil, rubber, paper, wood, vegetable, coffee/tea, rice, wheat, maize, grass, and fruit juice processing factories, and describe the methods to extract and synthesize metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, which are then applied in various sectors such as food, agriculture, cosmetics, and medicines industries. The book is a reference source for academician, scientists, policymakers, students, and researchers scientist working in minimizing the environmental pollution and implementing nanotechnology into agricultural waste products to produce eco-friendly and cost-effective nanoparticles.

This book focuses on the United Nations SDG 3, SDG 12, and SDG 15. The book covers the full range of issues associated with agrochemical use from a One Health standpoint to promote a cleaner and safer alternative that leaves little to no negative legacy on Earth¿s natural, social, and economic systems. The main focus of the book is to address the biodiversity and human health, food security, and socio-environmental implications of agrochemical use in food production. It deals with the need to move away from the use of harmful chemicals in agriculture. The threat to key aspects of One Health will be used as evidence in support of the need to transition to safer and cleaner food production systems as well as the social, economic, health, and environmental viability of sustainable alternatives.One Health is the innovative convergence approach that encourages collaborative, cross-sectoral, and transdisciplinary methods to monitor, assess, report, and implement sharedhuman health, biodiversity, and environmental challenges and goals such as agrochemical use. Conventional agrochemicals are chemicals used to protect plants, improve crop yield and manage agricultural fields but also have a negative legacy on Earth¿s systems. This book is of interest and useful to agricultural trainees and trainers, soil, food and agricultural institutes, food and soil systems specialists, biodiversity and environmental managers, activists, practitioners, and students. It is also a useful read for conservationists and industries interested in promoting organic agriculture for a sustainable community, regional and global development.

The book introduces a new concept of Fractal Tomograph (FT) to study large and small perturbations of power grids. A mathematical phrase called Active Network Twins (ANT) is discovered which bears astonishing similarity with the human DNA. ANT forms the backbone of analysis. Lineflows and load voltages are compositions of ANT, called fractals which constitute tomographs. First three chapters discuss these new concepts. A remarkable feature is that a minute observation of tomograph is sufficient to detect a malaise in the past, present, or future of the grid. Editing like in genes, to control flows and voltages, is explained in chapter 4. The baffling loop flows in the US-Canada region, a metropolitan blackout in India, and outages in Nepal are illustrated with notional networks. Causes are crisply identified (chapters 5 and 6). Frequency rendezvous and blockchain approach to electricity costs (chapters 7, 8) are radically new perspectives. The book is useful for grid controllers and researchers.

This book features selected papers presented at International Conference on Data Analytics and Computing (ICDAC 2022), organized by Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, China, held during May 28¿29, 2022. This book includes state-of-the-art current trends in data science, data analytics optimization, soft computing and related areas. Its primary readers are postgraduate students, researchers and academic professionals.

This book describes a novel health interprofessional education and collaborative practice (IPECP) program established at King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The book has three main sections. The first section introduces interprofessional education's background, theory, and context for collaborative practice. This section elaborates on defining and developing centers of excellence in IPECP, defining and exploring the meaning of interprofessional collaborative practice in contemporary health care, theories of the team working relevant to health and social care systems, and learning in and about interprofessional groups and broader collaboration. The second section explains how to formulate and implement strategies for effective IPECP. It involves developing and implementing a novel health IPECP curriculum, governance, IPECP's impact and implications on health care outcomes, IPE accreditation standards, regulatory policies, and legal structures. The third section describes the result of a case study of an IPECP program established at KSU. This program is developed by the vice-rectorship for health specialties at KSU (VRHS-KSU) in collaboration with partners harvard medical international (PHMI) to enhance health professional education further through interprofessional education and collaboration. For that purpose, a strategic plan is developed to develop learning, teaching, and assessment in all health sciences colleges (HSCs), along with a governance structure to establish a joint "center of excellence in interprofessional education and collaborative practice (CoE-IPECP)". The strategic plan and design of the program summarized in this book were accomplished through several meetings, workshops, and courses conducted at KSU in Riyadh, and harvard macy institute (HMI) in Boston, USA. The toolkit for successful program implementation includes a pro forma business plan, implementation groups' training, matching needs with feasibility, and expected impact on HSCs. Initiation of pilot projects started with implementing some interprofessional courses, establishing an initial physical and IT infrastructure of the center, developing the webpage, newsletter, and listservs, and improving faculty development programs to enhance IPECP at HSCs. Also, this book is a helpful road map for other national and international universities and institutes aiming to develop their professional health education, particularly interprofessional education and collaborative practice.

This book essentially provides a refreshing description of the cortical and subcortical anatomy of the brain and how it relates to function. It includes subtleties of anatomy, advances in imaging, operative nuances, techniques, and a brief discussion about artificial intelligence.It discusses surgical strategies on intrinsic brain tumors in general and gliomas in particular with several images. The issues that need to be considered in decision-making are explained in this book. The best surgical options are described step-by-step. The relevant anatomy and function of the region are discussed and show the consequences of the damage.This book covers the intra-operative nuances to prevent neurological morbidity. Modern imaging features that help during surgery and decision-making are elaborated. The book is heavily illustrated with anatomical images, intraoperative images, radiologic images, and drawings supported by videos of the surgical approaches and techniques.The chapter structure involves reoccurring headings, didactic elements such as chapter summaries, boxes (note, caution), bullet points, tables, flowcharts, key points. This book is handy for neurosurgeons, especially neuro-oncologists, which helps keep them abreast with the advances in the field.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Business Intelligence and Information Technology (BIIT 2022) held in Harbin, China, during December 17¿18, 2022. BIIT 2022 is organized by the School of Computer and Information Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, and supported by Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE), Egypt. The papers cover current research in electronic commerce technology and application, business intelligence and decision making, digital economy, accounting informatization, intelligent information processing, image processing and multimedia technology, signal detection and processing, communication engineering and technology, information security, automatic control technique, data mining, software development, and design, blockchain technology, big data technology, and artificial intelligence technology.

This 2nd Edition, based on the successful 2016 textbook, has been updated and expanded to cover 3rd generation Computer Vision and AI as it supersedes historical visual computing methods, providing a comprehensive survey of essential topics and methods in Computer Vision. With over 1,200 essential references, as well as chapter-by-chapter learning assignments, the book offers a valuable resource for students, researchers, scientists and engineers, helping them dig deeper into core computer vision and foundational visual computing and neuroscience topics. As before, a historical survey of advances in Computer Vision is provided, updated to reflect the latest methods such as Vision Transformers, attention models, alternative features such as Fourier neurons and Binary neurons, hybrid DNN architectures, self-supervised and enhanced learning models, Associative Multimodal Learning, Continuous Learning, View Synthesis, intelligent Scientific Imaging, and advances in training protocols. Updates have also been added for 2d/3d cameras, software libraries and open source resources, computer vision cloud services, and vision/AI hardware accelerators. Discussion and analysis are provided to uncover intuition and delve into the essence of key advancements, applied and forward-looking topics.

"e;Smart City"e; programs and strategies have become one of the most dominant urban agendas for local governments worldwide in the past two decades. The rapid urbanization rate and unprecedented growth of megacities in the 21st century triggered drastic changes in traditional ways of urban policy and planning, leading to an influx of digital technology applications for fast and efficient urban management. With the rising popularity in making our cities "e;smart"e;, several domains of urban management, urban infrastructure, and urban quality-of-life have seen increasing dependence on advanced information and communication technologies (ICTs) that optimize and control the day-to-day functioning of urban systems. Smart Cities, essentially, act as digital networks that obtain large-scale real-time data on urban systems, process them, and make decisions on how to manage them efficiently. The book presents 26 chapters, which are organized around five topics: (1) Conceptual framework for smart cities and communities; (2) Technical concepts and models for smart city and communities; (3) Civic engagement and citizen participation; (4) Case studies from the Global North; and (5) Case studies from the Global South.

This book is a comprehensive SiP design guide book. It is divided into three parts: concept and technology, design and simulation, project and case, for a total of 30 chapters. In Part one, the author proposes some new original concepts and thoughts, such as Function Density Law,SiP and 4D integration. Part one also covers the latest technology of SiP and Advanced Packaging. Part two covers the latest SiP and Advanced Packaging design and simulation technologies, such as wire bonding, multi-step cavity, chip stacking, 2.5D TSV, 3D TSV, RDL, Fan- In, Fan-Out, Flip Chip, Embedded Passive, Embedded Chip, RF design, Rigid-Flex design, 4D SiP design, Multi-layout project and Team design, as well as SI, PI, thermal simulation, electrical verification and physical verification. Based on a real design case, part three introduces the design, simulation and implementation methods of different types of SiP, which has a -important reference significance for the research and development of SiP projects. This book comprehensively and deeply expounds the latest development, design ideas and design methods of contemporary SiP technology from three aspects: concept and technology, design and simulation, project and case. Through the detailed introduction of new concepts, design methods, actual projects and cases, this book describes the whole process of SiP products from the beginning of conception to the final realization and makes readers benefit from it.

This textbook includes 70 chapters contributed by an exceptional group of experts in all areas of hepato-pancreato-biliary diseases, bringing a multi-disciplinary approach to treatments. The book is designed to cover all aspects of the liver and pancreatic anatomy and pathology, as well as therapy. The topics are comprehensively reviewed, and as well as summarizing the previous works, the authors provide discussions of practice-changing techniques and approaches to therapy of HBP cancers. Treating the diseases in hepato-pancreato-biliary regions is particularly difficult due to the complex anatomy, aggressive biological behavior, and poor prognosis. Therefore, ample illustrations are included to tackle these challenges.¿The IASGO Textbook of Multi-Disciplinary Management of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases aims to update the academic and non-academic medical professionals, such as surgeons, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, gastroenterologists, interventional radiologists, radiologists, basic scientists. In collaboration with the International Association of Surgeons, Gastroenterologists and Oncologists (IASGO), delivers a valuable and well-organized textbook for medical professionals.

This book draws on the responses to learning and teaching and applied education futures thinking, that provide insights into the future of learning. It brings together more than 30 novel and important applied research and scholarly contributions from around the world, including Australia, Canada, Finland, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Macau, Mainland China, Malaysia, Morocco, Pakistan, and the UK. The chapters, including reflective essays and practice-based case examples, are divided into five major themes:* Future ready values and competencies for the future of work* Innovative pedagogies in applied degree learning and training* Driving student access, engagement, and success through digital technologies* Intelligent technologies: Embedding the new world of work into applied degrees* Lifelong learning, partnering, and the future of workThis book is important for readers interested in international perspectives on the future of work and professional education.

This book presents selected, high-quality research papers from the International Conference on Electronic Systems and Intelligent Computing (ESIC 2020), held at NIT Yupia, Arunachal Pradesh, India, on 2 - 4 March 2020. Discussing the latest challenges and solutions in the field of smart computing, cyber-physical systems and intelligent technologies, it includes papers based on original theoretical, practical and experimental simulations, developments, applications, measurements, and testing. The applications and solutions featured provide valuable reference material for future product development. 

This book gives a comprehensive introduction to the new geophysical detection theories, methods and technologies of tunnel engineering under complex geological conditions and environments. It mainly focuses on the application of 3D seismic technique, 3D high-power resistivity sounding, and 3D GPR, etc. There are 7 chapters in the book. Chapter 1 introduces the state of the art and developing trends of geophysical detection technologies for tunnel engineering. Chapter 2 analyzes the complex geological conditions and environments for tunnel construction and the latest geophysical detection technologies. Chapter 3 to Chapter 7 systematically elaborate on the 3D seismic techniques, 3D detection technologies for water content in tunnel surrounding rocks, 3D detection technologies for side/back slope, 3D detection technologies for shield tunneling, and 3D detection technologies for collapse treatment of tunnel construction. The book presents numerous case studies to illustrate the applications of these technologies.

This edited volume provides comprehensive and latest information on the fungal biodiversity in its morphological characters, bioactive molecules, pathogenicity and virulence, and its impacts on crop production and sustainable management of agricultural productivity towards resolving global food security issues. The increasing number of infectious fungal diseases are regarded as threats to agricultural productivity and global food security. The efforts done by scientists to inventories the fungal diversity and identification of fungal species contributing as pathogens towards many plant and human diseases have been compiled in the present volume. The identification of the potential fungal pathogens is a prerequisite for an effective disease control management program. Also important is to understand the complex interactions between the host-pathogen and the environment. The book dwells on insights on the aforementioned aspects. The book also includes articles on ecological significance of fungi and fungal antagonists used as biocontrol agents on other pathogens. This compilation is useful to scientists working in similar areas as well as to undergraduate and graduate students keen on getting updated information on the subject. Scientists involved in agricultural research, crop management, and industries that manufacture agrochemicals may also find it useful read.  

This edited volume covers all aspects of the latest research in the field of soil formation and its functioning, soil diversity, soil proteomics, the impact of anthropogenic activities on the pedosphere, plant-microbe interactions in the pedosphere, and factors influencing the formation and functioning of the soils. In the pedosphere, all forms of soils possess a particular type of structure and different organic and mineral components. Thus, the pedosphere as a whole plays a significant role in providing unique habitats for a vast diversity of life forms, developing a link between geological and biological substances circulation in the terrestrial ecosystems.  In the processes making available vital mineral elements to plants and supporting human health as various trace elements in the lithosphere are accessed by people through the formation of soils and such soils are utilized for food production. With the depth of information on different aspects of soil, this extensive volume is a valuable resource for the researchers in the area of soil science, agronomy, agriculture, scientists in academia, crop consultants, policymakers, government from diverse disciplines, and graduate and post-graduate students in the area of soil and environmental science.

This book includes best-selected, high-quality research papers presented at Second International Conference on Biologically Inspired Techniques in Many Criteria Decision Making (BITMDM 2021) organized by Department of Information & Communication Technology, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore, Odisha, India, during December 20-21, 2021. This proceeding presents the recent advances in techniques which are biologically inspired and their usage in the field of many criteria decision making. The topics covered are biologically inspired algorithms, nature-inspired algorithms, multi-criteria optimization, multi-criteria decision making, data mining, big-data analysis, cloud computing, IOT, machine learning and soft computing, smart technologies, crypt-analysis, cognitive informatics, computational intelligence, artificial intelligence and machine learning, data management exploration and mining, computational intelligence, and signal and image processing.

The book Intelligent Healthcare: Infrastructure, Algorithms, and Management(R) cover a wide range of research topics on innovative intelligent healthcare solutions and advancements with the latest research developments.  Data analytics are relevant for healthcare to meet many technical challenges and issues that need to be addressed to realize this potential. The advanced healthcare systems have to be upgraded with new capabilities such as data analytics, machine learning, intelligent decision making, and more professional services. The Internet of Things helps to design and develop intelligent healthcare solutions assisted by security, data analytics, and machine learning.This book will provide federated learning, Data-driven infrastructure design, analytical approaches, and technological solutions with case studies for smart healthcare. This book aims to attract works on multidisciplinary research spanning across computer science and engineering, environmental studies, services, urban planning and development, Healthcare, social sciences, and industrial engineering on technologies, case studies, novel approaches, and visionary ideas related to data-driven innovative learning and computing solutions and big medical data-powered applications to cope with the real-world challenges for building smart healthcare sectors.Main Features:o  Immersive technologies in healthcareo  Internet of medical thingso  Federated learning algorithmso  Explainable AI in Pervasive Healthcareo  New management principles using biomedical datao  Secured healthcare management systemsThis book aims to set up a better understanding of data scientists, researchers, and technologists under innovative digital health. The reader can find out existing research challenges, current market trends, and low-cost technologies to smoothly address the digital health issue.

This book discusses the latest advancements in the area of biofuel development. It covers extensive information regarding different aspects and types of biofuels. The book provides a road map of the various different kinds of biofuels available for consideration, including both conventional and advanced algal based biofuels, replete with the economic analysis of their production and implementation. The contributors are experienced professors, academicians and scientists associated with renowned laboratories and institutes in India and abroad.  This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, biofuel scientists, capacity builders and policymakers. Also the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students. National and international scientists, policy makers will also find this to be a useful read.