Books published by Springer Nature Singapore

This edited book first gives an overview of issues in the studies of atmospheric sciences and then elaborates on extreme events in air pollution, their assessment, impacts, and mitigation strategies. It covers general overview of factors governing in atmosphere that lead to air pollution, description about recent and hazardous air pollution episodes, emergencies and extremes in atmospheric sciences, impact studies on living organisms and atmosphere related to emergencies and possible remedies/mitigation strategies which may also include green growth strategies for management. Increase in anthropogenic activities from different sources results in very high concentrations of air pollutants in the atmospheres and they lead to cause disturbance in seasonal cycles and atmospheric phenomena, ecological imbalance and change in the quality of air. These impacts are the major cause of short-term or long-term effects on living and non-living systems. In the recent years, several instances of extremes atmosphere and air pollution related emergencies causing accidental episodes, fog, smog, health related, heat and cold wave etc. are experienced. This book brings the attention on such issues in atmospheric sciences and discuss the disaster preparedness and management plus emergencies.  This book is valuable reading material for students in Environmental Science, Biological Science, Medical Science, Policy Planning, Disaster Management and Agriculture. It's useful for environmental consultants, researchers and other professionals involved in air quality, plant, humans and disasters related research.

This book presents selected articles from INDIA SMART UTILTY WEEK (ISUW 2021), which is the seventh edition of the Conference cum Exhibition on Smart Grids and Smart Cities, organized by India Smart Grid Forum from 02-05 March 2021, in New Delhi, India. ISGF is a public private partnership initiative of the Ministry of Power, Govt. of India with the mandate of accelerating smart grid deployments across the country. This book gives current scenario updates of Indian power sector business. It also highlights various disruptive technologies for power sector business.

This book reviews the structure, applications, technologies, governance, environmental sustainability, smart communities, gender space and other issues related to smart cities. The book is divided into four parts. The first one entails the conceptual background, growth and development. The second part presents diverse issues on smart cities in terms of environmental sustainability, the role of the community, and gender space, among others. The third part revolves around economic and technological issues, and the fourth is a compilation of case studies in connection with smart cities. This collection of diverse issues from different locations presents a holistic view of smart cities contributed by authors who have undertaken research projects and implemented their own unique perspectives and methods. A variety of innovative concepts such as digital governance, polycentric structures, geodata repositories, geoweb services and advanced geospatial technologies in smart city planning, urban microclimatic parameters, and urban heat islands provide invaluable knowledge for researchers and practitioners in these fields.

In recent years, the application of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) has steadily expanded, and has become a hot spot of common interest to universities, scientific research institutes, enterprises and institutions in the transportation field. ITS is the product of the deep integration of modern high-tech in the transportation industry, and its development has accompanied that of modern high-tech. ITS is now also becoming part of the Internet of Things (IoT), and is expected to contribute significantly to making our cities smarter and connecting with other infrastructure. Although there are many monographs and textbooks on intelligent transportation, with the advancement of technology and changes in demand, the key technologies of ITS are also rapidly changing.This book chiefly focuses on the main technologies of ITS, examining them from four perspectives: "e;sense"e; (perception and management of traffic information, chapters 2 & 3), "e;transmission"e; (interaction of traffic information, chapter 4), "e;prediction"e; (prediction of traffic states, chapter 6) and "e;application"e; (intelligent transportation applications, chapters 6 through 10). Given its scope, the book can be used as a textbook for undergraduates or graduates, as well as a reference book for research institutes and enterprises.This book emphasizes the use of basis traffic engineering principles and state-of-art methodologies to develop functional designs. It largely reflects the authors' own experience in adapting these methodologies to ITS design. For example, the book addresses various forms of data collection, models used to predict and evaluate traffic states, comprehensive description in connected vehicles, applications for users and traffic managers, etc. The knowledge gained here will allow designers to estimate the performance differences among alternatives and gauge their potential benefits for functional design purposes. To gain the most from the book, readers should be somewhat familiar with the field of traffic engineering and interested in ITS.

This book is about airborne particulate matter, sources, chemistry and health and contained a complete information about their emission source, transport, atmospheric chemistry, distribution at local, regional and global levels, and their level in indoor and outdoor settings. Primary and secondary particulate matters in the ambient atmosphere also describe in detail. Analytical techniques, statistical tools and mathematical models used in airborne particulate research is also described. This book also covers the important aspects of the particulate matter chemistry in atmosphere, and their adverse impact on plant and human health. A detailed insight about the harmful impact of airborne particulate matter (biogenic and anthropogenic both) on different human system is described in detail. The toxicological significance of particulate matter on human body was also mentioned. The mitigation, management and regulatory policies to control ambient particulate matter is also provided. This book is also written in simple language with helpful photographs, diagrams, tables and flowcharts which will make the reader comfortable in understanding the concepts a more relatively easier way. Overall, the present book is a valuable tool for students working in the fields of Atmospheric Science, Environmental Science, Biological Sciences, Epidemiology and Agriculture Science. This book also a unique resource for environmental consultants, researchers, policymakers and other professionals involved in air quality, plant and human health.

This Major Reference Work offers a detailed overview of culturing primary, secondary cell lines, tissues, and organs.It first introduces various types of mammalian cell cultures, infrastructure requirements for a mammalian cell-culture laboratory. The subsequent chapters present the detailed protocols for the isolation of mammalian hematologic organs and cells. It also discusses various cell-based assays for monitoring cell viability, cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, cell senescence, and cell death assays.In addition, the book addresses the various problems encountered while culturing animal cells, their possible causes, and suggested solutions, presenting detailed protocols for isolation and primary culturing of various mammalian cells and hematoimmunologic organs in two dimensions.Lastly, it reviews the various applications of animal-cell culture, stem-cell culture, and tissue and organ culture. As such, this reference book is highly relevant for students and professionals new to cell-culture work as well as to those wishing to expand their skills from cell-line cultures to primary cultures and from conventional 2D cultures to 3D cultures.

This book comprehensively reviews the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to anticancer therapies. The initial chapters examine the methods and procedure of the detection, isolation, and characterization of CSCs. It also introduces various epigenetic pathways that contribute to cancer initiation and tumorigenesis, particularly regarding the maintenance and survival of CSCs. It also explores the role of CSCs metabolism and the mechanisms of metabolic plasticity of CSCs in cancer biology. Further, it also presents the implications of CSCs on the origin of tumor heterogeneity and on heterogeneity of the therapeutic response. Towards the end, this book highlights the different immunotherapeutic approaches targeting CSCs with the potential of strongly improving cancer outcomes. This book offers a broad framework to scientists and clinicians into the state-of-the-art knowledge on cancer stem cell biology and highlights their therapeutic implications.¿

The book offers a comprehensive discussion on the Buddhist liberation and meditation concepts based on the original Pali scriptures of Theravada Buddhism. It interprets the early Buddhist soteriology critically and sympathetically by interweaving the Buddhological and the Buddhistic debates on understanding the Buddha's original teaching on bondage, liberation, liberated ones, and meditation. It showcases the liberal and pluralistic character of early Buddhist soteriology by interpreting it psychologically through the lens of the Buddha's recognition of two sets of psychosomatic and epistemic mental configurations active in the human mind. It shows how this dualism pervades the early Buddhist soteriology by pointing out its recognition of craving and ignorance as two causes of suffering; the emancipation of mind and the emancipation by wisdom as two constituents of liberation; and the meditative appeasing and the meditative watching as two methods to attain that liberation. It demonstrates how the Buddha structures a gradual path to liberation enabling individuals to experience many temporary and irreversible secondary goals along the way and allowing them to join the path at any stage appropriate to their temperaments and advancement at a given time and space. The book therefore serves the students and scholars of Buddhism, religion, and psychology to obtain a comprehensive and insightful introduction to Buddhist soteriology.

As a comprehensive textbook in survey sampling, this book discusses the inadequacies of classic, designed-based inferential procedures and provides alternative approaches in the form of model formulations, model-design-based procedures of analysis, inference and interpretation. The book focuses on a wide range of topics which included Bayesian and Empirical Bayesian approaches, complex procedures of stratification, clustering, sampling in multi stages and phases, linear and non-linear estimation of parameters, small area estimation by spatial and chronological modelling, network and adaptive sampling methods and more. The book includes detailed case studies and exercises, making it valuable for students of statistics, specifically survey sampling.

This book provides a comprehensive, up-to-date review of the state of knowledge on the role of microbes in inducing autoimmune diseases. The initial chapters address the basic concept and clinical implications of immunology, while the following section discusses the role of genetics, epigenetics, hormones, stochastic and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. The third section introduces readers to various autoimmune disorders and presents the cellular and molecular mechanisms of autoimmune diseases.In closing, the book examines the role of intestinal flora in the development of autoimmune diseases, delineates the underlying mechanism responsible for autoimmunity onset, and examines the potential of microbial therapeutics in the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable asset for all scientists and clinicians working in immunology, rheumatology and autoimmune diseases.

This volume discusses the use of renewable fuels for clean transportation and its applications on internal combustion engines. The contents focus on the key aspects of fuel production processes and its impact on various segments of the transportation sector and for sustainable mobility. Several kinds of fuels are assessed such as biofuels, alcohols, and hydrogen, and their effects on the combustion process are characterized by application. This volume will be of use to those working in academia and industry as well as energy experts and policy makers.

This book is an advanced textbook and a reference book for the post-graduate plant-breeding students and the plant breeders. It consolidates fundamental concepts and also the latest advances in plant-breeding practices including development in crop genomics. It contains crop wise explanation on origin, reproduction, genetics of yield contributing traits, biotic and abiotic stresses, nutritional improvement and crop specific plant-breeding procedures and techniques. The chapters are planned to describe crop-focused breeding procedure for the major crop plants as per their economic importance. The recent developments in breeding of field crops have been reported. The recent progress made in mapping traits of economic importance has been critically reviewed for each crop. The progress made in markers assisted selected in few crops has been summarized. This book bridges the knowledge gap and bring to the researchers and students information on modern breeding tools for developing biotic and abiotic stress tolerant, climate resilient and micronutrient rich varieties of field crops. The chapters in book are contributed by experienced Plant Breeders.

The book examines the impact of COVID-19 on economic and political processes, contending that the global reaction to the pandemic has been the largest failure in scientific policy in a generation. Unlike earlier crises, it has impacted the world's leading economies while also paralyzing international ties, provoking diverse and far-reaching reactions. The authors posit that no effective global response has been launched in response to this global catastrophe. Rather, governments have implemented a variety of policies based on the costs of virus protection against financial closure and isolation. In doing so, there has been a resurgence in nationalism. This book aims to provide comprehensive understanding of how the pandemic has widened political gaps, and demarcates what the long-term consequences might be in terms of policies and economics in the wake of the pandemic. Of interest to scholars in political geography, development studies, international relations, public administration, and health science, this book presents key observations on existing theories of global politics pivoted around the COVID-19 pandemic, and its ramifications on individuals, groups, and ultimately, the nation state.

This book, The Kyoto Post-COVID Manifesto for Global Economics (KM-PC), is a sequel to our 2018 book, The Kyoto Manifesto for Global Economics (KM-I, 2018). It further exposes the failures of a global economic regime that, based on self-interest, has led to the enormously unequal and fragmented society of today and our decreased ability to respond and recover from the critical worldwide consequences of such a regime over time - notably, climate change. At stake is our very survival beyond the twenty-first century. The fundamental tenet of this book is that our power to heal our currently fractured society lies in the depth of our humanity - in our shared human spirit and spirituality. What is sacred or of imperishable supreme value is what we can be as a human race: empowered, fulfilled individuals, living in harmony, deeply sharing and caring for one another and the environment that sustains us across our distinct cultures and worlds in which we live. Thus, the norms in our economic relations do not have to be those of self-interest that separates us, the ever-watchful distrust represented by "the deal" and immediate economic advantage for me. Instead, we can build an economic frame for our society based on mindfulness, care, mutual human benefit, and trust - on our shared humanity. Our argument was complete and we were ready to publish. But then, suddenly, from the dawning of 2020, everything changed. COVID-19 invaded and the world as we knew it simply stopped. No one saw it coming. As authors, we waited to watch and seek to understand. The result is that the book captures the COVID trauma and, against the fractures based on self-interest already visible in today's society, assesses the impact of COVID-19 now and for the future. Focusing on a humanity-based economics is even more important now, and this book shows why.Chapter 15 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This volume elaborates on various corrosion processes in different applications and their prevention strategies. It comprehensively covers the principles of corrosion, engineering issues, methods of corrosion protection and defines corrosion processes and control in select aggressive end industrial environments. The contents especially focus on corrosion issues in nuclear, aerospace, marine, high temperature, bioimplants, automobile, and addresses the application of advanced materials to mitigate them. A special section on corrosion prevention strategies with innovative solutions to resolve corrosion issues in various environments is the highlight of this book. This volume will be a useful guide for those in research, academia and industry, particularly to know state of art in corrosion control and prevention for various practical applications.

This volume focuses on the potential use of probiotics in treating metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, metabolic acidosis, and gut dysbiosis. Chapters draw an association between gut microbiota and its diversity with metabolic diseases like diabetes, obesity, related liver and gut disorders; gut-brain axis; increased inflammation, and a compromised immune system resulting from these manifestations and scope of intervention with probiotics. Special attention is laid on describing the mechanisms of action of such beneficial effects of probiotic administration. The ability of probiotics to decrease metabolic endotoxemia by restoring the disrupted intestinal mucosal barrier is also included.The volume is a comprehensive compilation describing the scope and application of probiotic and prebiotic therapy in treating metabolic disorders. Readers will discover how probiotics are not just confined to the microbiology industry but are showing promising results in the medical and pharmaceutical sectors.

The book adopts the principle of guiding surgery by anatomy, fixation by biomechanics, and clinical procedures by functional recovery. In each chapter, the applied anatomy of the fracture site is first introduced, which confers prominence to the relationship between the anatomical structure and surgery and emphasizes the structure that must be protected and repaired during surgery. In addition, the biomechanical characteristics of the fracture site are described, so that the appropriate fixation method can be selected according to the characteristics of the mechanical environment. In most chapters on periarticular fractures, the book also describes in detail how the joints fulfil their function, which is often the core of clinical decision-making, with the hope that the reader can understand the how and the why.The book adopts the outline-style format instead of the traditional paragraph-by-paragraph discussion to supply readers with the "extracted essence" in a more succinct manner, which improves the logical flow and concision and thereby improves the readability of the book. In addition, using more than 3,000 illustrations and photos in 3 volumes, many of which were obtained from our clinical practice, the book discusses injury mechanisms and the classification and assessment of extremity and axial skeleton fractures, with a focus on typical and new surgical methods developed in recent years. These illustrations and photos provide the reader with a good reference for learning surgical techniques and skills.This first volume is focusing on upper extremity fractures and dislocations in 9 chapters.

This book provides novel perspectives to the ongoing global discussions on the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Current knowledge on circular economy and the SDGs target in developing and emerging countries are mostly fragmented and empirical evidence is limited. The approach taken in the book is unique as it presents holistic viewpoints about the synergies, opportunities and challenges between circular economy and SDGs targets in developing and emerging countries. The book presents diverse contents on the topic including literature reviews, conceptual discussions, case studies, and empirical analysis.

This book examines haunting in terms of trauma, languaging, and the supernatural in works by Chinese Australian writers born in Australia, Mainland China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Singapore. It goes beyond the conventional focus on identity issues in the analysis of diasporic writing, considering how the memory of past trauma is triggered by abusive systems of power in the present. The author unpacks how trauma also brings past violence to haunt the present. This book considers how different Chinese diasporic communities present a dynamic and multiple state through partial erasure between different Chinese subcultures and other cultures.Showing the supernatural as a social and cultural product, this book elucidates how haunting as the supernatural refers to the coexistence of, and the competition between, different cultures and powers. It takes a wide-ranging view of different diasporic communities under the banner ¿Chinese¿, a term that refers not only to Chinese nationals in terms of citizenship, but also to the Chinese diaspora in terms of ancestry, and Chinese culture more generally. In analysing haunting in texts, the author positions Chinese culture as in a constant state of flux. It is relevant to literary scholars and students with interests in Australian literature, Chinese and Southeast Asian migration writing, and those with an interest in the Gothic and postcolonial traditions.

In this book, Eurasia will be discussed in the context of the Greater Eurasian Partnership proposed by Russia, the ¿eastward¿ transformations spurred by Neo-Eurasianism and the Greater Eurasian Partnership, and cooperation with China through the BRI, while related countries of Atlanticism was used to described the U.S., Europe, and their allies. The Greater Eurasian Partnership proposed by Russia is an initiative with specific diplomatic considerations, economic development strategies, and geopolitical implications. The initiative represents an attempt by Russia to shift foreign policy thinking, which has traditionally focused on alignment with the U.S. and the West. The Greater Eurasian Partnership contains both short-term strategies to cope with Western pressure and long-term strategic goals for building a new international and regional order. What this portends for the future of Sino-Russian relations is of interest to geopoliticians, economists and journalists.

This book is about the use of technology/artificial intelligence in the areas of human behavior and psychology, health and nutrition, and fitness and sports.Everybody has his/her own lifestyle but may not necessarily be aware of what constitutes a healthy lifestyle. Knowledge gained from the Internet may be scattered and inaccurate and, if adhered to, may lead to loss of life. The COVID-19 pandemic increased people's awareness of the need for a healthy lifestyle but how to adopt a healthy lifestyle is something to be clarified since every individual is different (body type, situation, etc.), and hence, their needs will be different as well. This book addresses such questions and explores how the use of technology in the areas mentioned above can enable each individual to easily achieve a healthy lifestyle.

This book is focused on the attractive emerging field of micro-/nanorobot swarms (microswarms). It introduces fundamental understandings of various microswarms, including pattern generation, transformation, locomotion, and imaging. This book also demonstrates applications of micro-/nanorobot swarms in different fields, such as biomedical, environmental, and electrical applications. The detailed theoretical analysis and experimental demonstrations in this book provide readers ranging from students to researchers with a realistic picture of progress achieved in the field of micro-/nanorobot swarms. ¿

This book portrays an extensive outline of ¿functionalized nanomaterials based supercapacitor¿, including their fundamental as well as industrial-scale exploratory research. The contributed parts stretch the readers a complete report of the field of functionalized nanomaterials-based supercapacitor appropriate hypothetical standard of their structure to their execution, realization and potential application. It covers the latest system and functionalized nanomaterials for preparation, development, construction, validation and design of supercapacitor for commercial application. To best of our knowledge, there is no book available on the topic.Advanced undergraduate and graduate students can find this book a good source of knowledge and guidelines for their studies. They can find this book highly up to date, easy to use and understandable. This book is able to ease their thirst of learning of new and advanced electrochemical sensors.Moreover, the volume editors anticipate that this book is of significant interest to scientists working on the basic issues surrounding applications of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors. Because of the multidisciplinary nature of this topic, this book attracts a broad audience including chemists, materials scientists, pharmacist, biologist and chemical engineers, who are involved and interested in the future frontiers of functionalized nanomaterials-based supercapacitor sciences and technology.Overall, this book is planned to be a reference book for researchers and scientists who are searching for new and advancement in supercapacitors sciences and technology.

This contributed volume discusses the impact of bioenergy on the environment and economy. The book contents include contributions on themes, such as the impact of emulsified biofuels on the environment, environmental impacts of the current uses of biomass energy, sustainable development in ecosystem, trends in microbial fuel cells and the ecological and economic impacts on biofuel production, among others. The book also uses visual elements to aid learning. This book is a valuable, hands-on resource for researchers, academics and industry professionals, who are interested in alternative fuels, sustainability, clean energy, biofuel production, waste management, environmental pollution, renewable energy and allied fields.

This book is designed to have a comprehensive review of the spectrum of diseases involving orbital apex and periorbital skull base and the up-to-date advancement in different treatment modalities.Management of diseases at the orbital apex and periorbital skull base has always been a challenge. Multiple specialties are involved, including skull base neurosurgeon, oculoplastic ophthalmologist, otorhinolaryngologist, head and neck surgeon, oncologist, neurologist and radiologist. However, frequently it results into a ¿no-man¿s land¿, as no single specialty is entirely familiar with this complex and overlapping anatomical territory. Cranial nerves, carotid artery, and cavernous sinus are just one of the few examples of important anatomical structures that pass through. However, this has often been managed by one specialty especially during surgical planning and operation, resulting in biases in choices of approach and surgical strategies. We believe that this interesting yet complex region deserves special attention with a well-orchestrated multi-disciplinary effort.Traditionally, surgical treatments for diseases in this region involve different types of craniotomy and orbitotomy. In this book, it covers the advancement in imaging modalities, medical therapies, operative instruments, radiation therapy namely stereotactic radiosurgery or radiotherapy, management of diseases in orbital apex and periorbital skull base evolve and improve with time. Minimally invasive surgery in terms of mastering neuro-endoscopy contributes to the intervention advancement.

This book highlights the fundamentals and practical methods of metamaterials-based optical and radio frequency sensing. Combined with engineering practices, the book illustrates in detail wide frequency electromagnetic signal cloaking and the detection behavior of metasurfaces, including the structure of metasurfaces, electric-controlled behaviors, layout design and fabrication methods, and related experiment results. This book is expected to inspire the research and development of new optical and radio frequency detectors. It is suitable for researchers and engineers working on semiconductor devices, applied optics, and wide frequency signal detection. It is also a good reference for students in these areas.

The purpose of this book is to critically examine the activities of the International Criminal Court (ICC) on the eve of its 20th year of existence, with a focus on its relationship to the Rohingya crisis. This book is unique in that it identifies the potential and contemporary challenges of the ICC while focusing on the relationship between the Rohingya issue and the ICC. The relationship between the Rohingya crisis and the ICC is an issue that is fraught with contemporary challenges and worth dealing with. The relationship between the ICC and non-State Parties and the relationship between the ICC and high government officials are the examples of these challenges. Its novelty is to address the relationship between the Rohingya crisis and the ICC by staying current of information. The human rights situation of the Rohingya is of high international concern. With a case pending at the International Court of Justice (ICJ), not only individual criminal responsibility but also State responsibility may be sought for the most serious human rights violations. The Rohingya crisis itself is of great international concern, and it is expected that the issues will be discussed from the perspective of international human rights law, international humanitarian law, and international criminal law. Therefore, the structure of this book is as follows. First, it explains the history of the Rohingya crisis. Secondly, it touches on the relationship between the Rohingya crisis and the ICC. Thirdly, the book discusses the relationship between the ongoing case of Gambia v. Myanmar at the ICJ and the proceedings of the ICC. Finally, the book concludes with an assessment of the legitimacy, effectiveness, and efficiency of the ICC in recent years.

This book presents high-quality, peer-reviewed papers from International Conference on Advanced Communications and Machine Intelligence (MICA 2022), organised by M.Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, during 9¿11 December 2022. The book includes all areas of advanced communications and machine intelligence. The topics covered are network performance analysis, data mining and warehousing, parallel and distributed networks, computational intelligence, smart city applications, big data analytics, Internet of Things networks, information management and wireless sensor networks. The book is useful for academicians, scientists, researchers from industry, research scholars and students working in these areas.