Books published by Springer Nature Switzerland AG

This book provides a straightforward look at the concepts, algorithms and advantages of Bayesian Deep Learning and Deep Generative Models. Starting from the model-based approach to Machine Learning, the authors motivate Probabilistic Graphical Models and show how Bayesian inference naturally lends itself to this framework. The authors present detailed explanations of the main modern algorithms on variational approximations for Bayesian inference in neural networks. Each algorithm of this selected set develops a distinct aspect of the theory. The book builds from the ground-up well-known deep generative models, such as Variational Autoencoder and subsequent theoretical developments. By also exposing the main issues of the algorithms together with different methods to mitigate such issues, the book supplies the necessary knowledge on generative models for the reader to handle a wide range of data types: sequential or not, continuous or not, labelled or not. The book is self-contained, promptly covering all necessary theory so that the reader does not have to search for additional information elsewhere.Offers a concise self-contained resource, covering the basic concepts to the algorithms for Bayesian Deep Learning;Presents Statistical Inference concepts, offering a set of elucidative examples, practical aspects, and pseudo-codes;Every chapter includes hands-on examples and exercises and a website features lecture slides, additional examples, and other support material.

This fully revised, industry-standard resource offers practical details on every aspect of the fundamentals necessary for understanding thermal spray technology, from powder all the way to the final part. The second edition is presented in a reader-friendly format that is split into four parts. Part I presents a review of thermal spray coating and its position in the broad field of surface modification technologies. Highlights of combustion and thermal plasmas are given with an expanded treatment of in-flight plasma-particle interactions. The second and third parts deal respectively with an updated presentation of thermal spray technologies and coating formation, including solution and suspension plasma spraying. The last part of the book includes a comparative analysis of different thermal spray processes, which is essential for the optimal selection of the appropriate thermal spray process in a given application. Coverage of system integration has been expanded with the addition of adetailed discussion of online instrumentation and process diagnostics and numerous examples of industrial scale spray booth designs. Attention is also given to coating finishing and health and safety issues. An extensive review is presented of thermal spray applications grouped in terms of process objectives and present use in different industrial sectors. This book will serve as an invaluable resource as a textbook for graduate courses in the field and as an exhaustive reference for professionals involved in the thermal spray field.

In the developing countries, pollution through solid waste, sludge from water and wastewater treatment plants and pollution of natural water resources have become one of the grave issues. The root cause is population explosion, industrialization, urbanization and other anthropogenic activities. The increase rate of solid waste has become a major challenge for sustainable development of the environment. Poor management of solid waste and sludge from water and wastewater treatment plants may be the cause of health hazards and environmental problems. The book presents new methods and technologies to combat the aforementioned problems and focuses on the importance of using the recycled products. The technologies related to waste and sludge treatment are economical, eco-friendly and bring economic returns, and can be applied to most of the developing countries where waste treatment technologies, viz. composting, anaerobic digestion, recycling of plastic and agricultural waste in construction can be used. The aim of the book is to support everyone who is involved in academics, teaching, research related to solid waste management and water and wastewater treatment study in the leading academic and research organizations globally. This book will be of prodigious value to upcoming researchers, scholars, scientists and professionals in Environmental Science and Engineering fields, and global and local authorities and policy makers responsible for the management of solid wastes and sludge. Globally, universities can develop new prospectuses on sustainable and eco-friendly waste and sludge management, which are relating to the book¿s theme. This book can also be of great source for designing and operation of waste reuse and recycling programmes.

This is the first book in English to present a comprehensive analysis of the October 2019 social outbreak in Chile and its consequences for the country¿s political system. For almost 30 years (1990-2019), Chile was recognized as a model of political and economic stability in Latin America, but the 2019 protests put into question the whole structure of representation based on programmatic political parties. This contributed volume analyzes the causes of the social outbreak by examining the interaction between political parties and social movements in Chile since 2000, establishing bridges between the sociology of social movements and the political science of parties and forms of traditional political representation. The book is organized in three parts. The first part analyzes the collapse of the political party system in Chile. The second part shows how social movements introduced innovative forms of political mobilization that challenged the traditional forms of politicalrepresentation. Finally, the third part presents case studies focusing on specific social movements and their contributions to the renewal of political representation in Chile.The Social Outburst and Political Representation in Chile will be a valuable resource for sociologists, political scientists and other social scientists interested in understanding the challenges posed to political parties and institutions by social movements formed by citizens who no longer see themselves represented by the traditional forms political participation.

This book compiles available knowledge of the response of mountain ecosystems to recent climate and land use change and intends to bridge the gap between science, policy and the community concerned.The chapters present key concepts, major drivers and key processes of mountain response, providing transdisciplinary orientation to mountain studies incorporating experiences of academics, community leaders and policy-makers from developed and less developed countries. The book chapters are arranged in two sections. The first section concerns the response processes of mountain environments to climate change. This section addresses climate change itself (past, current and future changes of temperature and precipitation) and its impacts on the cryosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and human-environment systems. The second section focuses on the response processes of mountain environments to land use/land cover change. The case studies address effects of changing agriculture and pastoralism, forest/water resources management and urbanization processes, landscape management, and biodiversity conservation. The book is designed as an interdisciplinary publication which critically evaluates developments in mountains of the world with contributions from both social and natural sciences.

This book collects papers presented in the Invited Workshop, ¿Liutex and Third Generation of Vortex Definition and Identification for Turbulence,¿ from CHAOS2020, June 9-12, 2020, which was held online as a virtual conference. Liutex is a new physical quantity introduced by Prof. Chaoqun Liu of the University of Texas at Arlington. It is a vector and could give a unique and accurate mathematical definition for fluid rotation or vortex. The papers in this volume include some Liutex theories and many applications in hydrodynamics, aerodynamics and thermal dynamics including turbine machinery. As vortex exists everywhere in the universe, a mathematical definition of vortex or Liutex will play a critical role in scientific research. There is almost no place without vortex in fluid dynamics. As a projection, the Liutex theory will play an important role on the investigations of the vortex dynamics in hydrodynamics, aerodynamics, thermodynamics, oceanography, meteorology, metallurgy, civil engineering, astronomy, biology, etc. and to the researches of the generation, sustenance, modelling and controlling of turbulence.

This book discusses advances in smart and sustainable development of smart environments. The authors discuss the challenges faced in developing sustainable smart applications and provide potential solutions. The solutions are aimed at improving reliability and security with the goal of affordability, safety, and durability. Topics include health care applications, sustainable smart transportation systems, intelligent sustainable wearable electronics, and sustainable smart building and alert systems. Authors are from both industry and academia and present research from around the world.Addresses problems and solutions for sustainable development of smart cities;Includes applications such as healthcare, transportation, wearables, security, and more;Relevant for scientist and researchers working on real time smart city development.

This volume provides a critical response to the COVID-19 pandemic showcasing the full range of issues and perspectives that the discipline of geography can expose and bring to the table, not only to this specific event, but to others like it that might occur in future. Comprised of almost 60 short (2500 word) easy to read chapters, the collection provides numerous theoretical, empirical and methodological entry points to understanding the ways in which space, place and other geographical phenomenon are implicated in the crisis. Although falling under a health geography book series, the book explores the centrality and importance of a full range of biological, material, social, cultural, economic, urban, rural and other geographies. Hence the book bridges fields of study and sub-disciplines that are often regarded as separate worlds, demonstrating the potential for future collaboration and cross-disciplinary inquiry. Indeed book articulates a diverse but ultimatelyfulsome and multiscalar geographical approach to the major health challenge of our time, bringing different types of scholarship together with common purpose. The intended audience ranges from senior undergraduate students and graduate students to professional academics in geography and a host of related disciplines. These scholars might be interested in COVID-19 specifically or in the book¿s broad disciplinary approach to infectious disease more generally. The book will also be helpful to policy-makers at various levels in formulating responses, and to general readers interested in learning about the COVID-19 crisis.

This book provides an original review of Ocean Literacy as a component of public policy in Europe and beyond. The impact of the ocean on human activities is one of the most significant environmental issues facing humanity. By offering valuable insights into the interrelationships between geography, environment, marine science and education, the book explores key issues relating to the future of our planet and the way people respond to them. This volume discusses concepts concerning citizenship education and co-creation and the role of public policy and different international initiatives in raising awareness and mitigating the effects of over-use and misuse of valuable resources. A range of innovative projects are presented and evaluated from the local to national and global levels.This book advances knowledge and provides a picture of these advances, presents the issues and challenges, including the important role that geography education and geographical awareness could play inadvancing the case for Ocean Literacy.This crossdisciplinary book appeals to students and scientists as well as professionals and practitioners in geography, environmental and marine sciences, international policy and many related fields.

This book, divided in two volumes, originates from Techno-Societal 2020: the 3rd International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Societal Applications, Maharashtra, India, that brings together faculty members of various engineering colleges to solve Indian regional relevant problems under the guidance of eminent researchers from various reputed organizations.The focus of this volume is on technologies that help develop and improve society, in particular on issues such as advanced and sustainable technologies for manufacturing processes, environment, livelihood, rural employment, agriculture, energy, transport, sanitation, water, education. This conference aims to help innovators to share their best practices or products developed to solve specific local problems which in turn may help the other researchers to take inspiration to solve problems in their region. On the other hand, technologies proposed by expert researchers may find applications in different regions. This offers a multidisciplinary platform for researchers from a broad range of disciplines of Science, Engineering and Technology for reporting innovations at different levels.

This publication aims to investigate the nature of social life in public and urban spaces in the cities of the Middle East, considering the value of environmental approaches. It aims to develop a better understanding of the patterns of social interactions and activities in public places, which have been influenced by cultural heritage values.Sustainable and livable open spaces can help in improving living conditions in cities. Public spaces are relevant as they satisfy many human needs. In public spaces, people interact and meet; people with different cultures and social backgrounds can communicate and learn from each other in social and spontaneous ways. However, decision-makers tend to forget the value of public spaces, especially in the absence of a national regulatory framework in emerging globalized cities.The book provides a multi-disciplinary approach in reading the characteristics and values of public spaces in the emerging cities of the Middle East.

This proceedings book reflects the alternative way of development of the modern global economic system. It sets evolutionary development in opposition to revolutionary leap. The search for the best way to develop the world economy in the present and future is carried out. The social environment and the human-centered development of the modern global economic system have been explored. The features of training of personnel for the modern global economic system through the development of vocational education and training have been studied. Sustainable development, energy and food security have been identified as significant milestones of the progress of the modern global economic system. Innovations and digital technologies have been suggested as the drivers of growth and development of the modern global economic system. Consideration has been given to the institutional framework and legal groundwork for the development of the modern global economic system. The fundamentals have beenidentified and recommendations have been put forward for improving governmental regulation, financial and capital investment support for integration in the modern global economic system.The book includes the best works based on the results of the 22nd International Research-to-Practice Conference ¿Current Issues of the Global Economy¿ which was held on June 19, 2020, at the Peoples¿ Friendship University of Russia (PFUR) (Moscow, Russia) and the 14th National Research-to-Practice Conference ¿A New Paradigm of Social and Economic Development in the Age of Intelligent Machines,¿ which was held on May 14¿16, 2020 (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia), VIII International Research-to-Practice Conference ¿Multipolar Globalization and Russia,¿ which was held on May 21¿23, 2020 (Rostov-on-Don, Russia), III All-Russian Research-to-Practice Conference ¿Power, Business, and Education: The Ascent to Man,¿ which was held on May 21¿22, 2020 (Krasnoyarsk, Russia), International Research-to-Practice Conference ¿Current Issues and Ways of Industrial Development: Engineering and Technologies,¿ which was held from September 28, 2020, till October 1, 2020 (Komsomolsk-on-Amur), and the 15th National Research-to-Practice Conference ¿New Models of Behavior of Market Players in the Conditions of Digital Economy,¿ which was held on October 29¿30, 2020, at Ufa State Oil Technical University, Institute of Economics and Service (Ufa, Russia). The target audience of the book consists of scholars studying the features of development of the global economic system at the present stage and the prospects for its future progress.

This book discusses new applications of technologies that have been or could be successfully employed to estimate the age of fingermarks. Determining the specific time a fingermark is deposited could become a powerful new development in forensic science and a useful application to law enforcement. This book aims to shed some light on this important and still controversial area of scientific research. The expert chapters review recent discoveries and current developments with a practical bent, focusing on prospective uses in real-world crime scenes. They take a multidisciplinary approach, featuring contributors with diverse specialties including Chemistry, Imaging Technologies, Forensic Science, Biology and Microbiology. The balanced presentation incorporates critiques on fingermark aging studies, explores the reliability of fingermarks as evidence, and discusses how the estimation of ¿age¿ can improve robustness of crime evidence. Each chapter describes a unique aspect of fingermark aging observed from a different analytical perspective: 2D imaging; 3D imaging; chemical analysis; chemical imaging; microbiome analysis; electrochemical analysis; and DNA analysis, as well as the role and application of statistics. Illustrations and graphs aid the reader in understanding the concepts being explained. Not just a compilation of techniques and methods, this book¿s emphasis on practical applications and its easy-to-read style will appeal to a broad audience of scientists and criminal justice professionals alike. It will be of great interest to law enforcement, academia, and the criminal justice community; including forensic scientists, investigators, lawyers, students, and researchers. It aims to help facilitate debates in the broader community about the feasibility, convenience, and relevance of estimating the age of evidence.

This handbook shares profound insights into the main principles and concepts of integrated care. It offers a multi-disciplinary perspective with a focus on patient orientation, efficiency, and quality by applying widely recognized management approaches to the field of healthcare. The handbook also highlights international best practices and shows how integrated care can work in various health systems. In the majority of health systems around the world, the delivery of healthcare and social care is characterised by fragmentation and complexity. Consequently, much of the recent international discussion in the fields of health policy and health management has focused on the topic of integrated care. ¿Integrated¿ acknowledges the complexity of patients¿ needs and aims to meet them by taking into account both health and social care aspects. Changing and improving processes in a coordinated way is at the heart of this approach. The second edition offers new chapters on people-centredness, complexity theories and evaluation methods, additional management tools and a wealth of experiences from different countries and localities. It is essential reading both for health policymakers seeking inspiration for legislation and for practitioners involved in the management of public health services who want to learn from good practice.

This book comprises studies that reflect on various influences of excessive tourism development in protected areas, and solutions designed and initiated to mitigate such challenges. A large proportion of tourism in Mediterranean destinations constitutes nature-based tourism, in particular, tourism in parks and protected areas. As a destination experiences higher intensity and density of tourism, the potential conflict between maintaining a healthy natural environment and economic development also increases. This has urged planners and decision-makers to devise and adopt innovative approaches that seek to strike a balance between tourism development and nature conservation. This book demonstrates the importance of collaboration across and beyond disciplines and of all groups of stakeholders for maximization of societal impacts and tourism-related benefits.