Books published by Springer

This edited book covers a wide range of novel scientific and engineering aspects of diamond films produced from chemical vapor deposition. It focuses on the most recent developments and achievements in this rapidly growing field from scientists and engineers across the domains of chemistry, biology, medicine, physics, and semiconductor engineering.The latest volume of this consistently well-cited book brings an updated, systematic review of the latest developments in diamond research and application. Featuring contributed chapters from a mix of highly-active international researchers, this new edition presents recent research focusing on topics such as diamond for thermal management in high-power electronics, diamond MOSFETs, water treatment, application of machine learning for nanodiamonds, theoretical aspects of diamond growth, current trends in emerging diamond technologies, and the growth of doped single-crystal diamond. This book is especially appealing to interdisciplinary researchers and industry professionals working on advanced diamond devices and applications, as well as theoretical and computational methods for predicting and designing new diamond materials.

This book focuses on Coastal and Ocean Navigation with an emphasis on celestial navigation techniques as a 'back up' in the event digital technologies fail.It deals with the main themes and principles of celestial navigation (including time). It covers the syllabus for deck officers working towards the Officer of the Watch (OOW) certificate of competence (COC) awarded by the Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA), and for Royal Navy navigation officers working towards achieving the equivalent Navigational Watch Certificate (NWC). The NWC is equivalent to the certificate awarded by the MCA to OOWs in the Merchant Service under the international Standardisation of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW) agreements. The detailed theory of celestial navigation is provided.

The book presents earthquake source, wave propagation, site amplification, and other seismological studies including earthquake simulation, application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in seismology, earthquake early warning system, waveform inversion, moment tensor analysis, receiver function analysis, earthquake prediction, and earthquake early warning system applications. To minimize the losses due to an earthquake, it is better to understand the source properties, medium characteristics, site condition, and amplitude of a probable earthquake at a particular site. The evolutions of earthquake source models make it possible to understand the source dynamics. However, analysis of the source using a single-domain method does not provide a better understanding of the source dynamics. Therefore, this book combines methods from the earthquake spectrum to waveform inversion and joint inversion. The book also discusses earthquake prediction methods and their reliability around the globe, and techniques of simulation viz. stochastic, empirical, semi-empirical, and hybrid, along with their limitations and application. Seismology is an interdisciplinary subject. Therefore, the information presented in the book will appeal to a wider readership from students, teachers, researchers, planners engaged in developmental work, and people concerned with earthquake awareness.

This book presents chromosome-wise clinical cases following an evidence-based protocol, in addition to providing the scientific background on the mechanisms of human ring chromosome (RC) formation. Presence of RCs in a genome can lead to several rare genetic diseases. This book, edited by the leading experts Prof. Peining Li and Prof. Thomas Liehr, is the first comprehensive book on this topic.Over the past 60 years, banding cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization, chromosome microarray analysis, and whole genome sequencing have been used to diagnose cases with a RC. Ring syndrome of sever growth retardation and variable intellectual disability has been considered a common clinical feature for all RCs. Clinical heterogeneity of chromosome-specific deletion and duplication syndromes, gene-related organ and tissue defects, cancer predisposition to different types of tumors, and reproduction failure has been reported in the literature. However, the cases of RCs reportedin the literature account for less than 1% of its real occurrence. Current diagnostic practice lacks laboratory standards for analyzing cellular behavior and genomic imbalances of RCs to evaluate its compound effects on patients. The under-representation of clinical cases and the lack of comprehensive diagnostic analysis make challenging to establish accurate clinico-cytogenomic correlations. Given recent advances in genomic technology and organized efforts from peer experts, standardized cytogenomic diagnosis and evidence-based clinical management could be envisioned for all patients with RCs.Furthermore, supernumerary small ring chromosomes and the patient's perspective are addressed--the latter by including family stories of RC-carrier relatives. Acquired RCs in various cancers are also discussed, as well as the potential role of RCs in research applications like iPSC cellular modeling and genomic editing.This book is a valuable reference for clinical geneticists, personnel in cytogenetics and molecular genetics laboratories, genetic counselors, and researchers in related fields.

This book explores the effectiveness of Dynamic Image Analysis (DIA) in granulometry studies of sand, and presents criteria for soil characterization using DIA, including test parameters, specimen size, efficacy in gap-graded soils, and its limitations. DIA is a modern experimental technique used to analyze and classify particulate materials based on their size, shape, and other morphological properties. This method employs a high-frame-rate camera to capture images of individual sand particles, which have been transported and separated using various techniques. DIA generates both particle size and shape information by analyzing thousands to millions of particles, providing a quantitative statistical description of grain size and shape distribution within the specimen. The manuscript also offers a comprehensive examination of 2D and 3D particle size and shape descriptors. It demonstrates that there is no correlation between size and shape parameters in many sands and that shape descriptors can be reduced to four independent parameters representing sand granulometry at different scales. Additionally, the use of DIA in exploring the depositional history of two complex calcareous sands is presented. The manuscript presents the properties of 30 representative sands, including size and shape parameters, and fits them to statistical distributions. The investigated soils encompass both natural and machine-sorted materials, particles with regular and irregular shapes, as well as siliceous and calcareous sands. Physical granulometry of sand particles is compared using 2D, 3D DIA, and micro-computed tomography (μCT). The work demonstrates that DIA offers significant advantages in terms of efficiency for 3D shape analysis while providing an adequate representation of particle sizes and shapes of most sands. Finally, the manuscript integrates classical geotechnical engineering with computer vision and artificial intelligence. Size and shape descriptors are utilized for sand classification through machine learning models. This work represents a crucial step toward the automatic machine classification of soils, potentially enabling on-site classification using smartphones equipped with high-resolution cameras.

The book focuses on atmospheric processes that directly influence human environments within the lower 100-1000 meters of the atmosphere, spanning regions of only a few kilometers in size. It represents the English translation of the fourth edition of the German work titled "Applied Meteorology - Micrometeorological Methods". It provides a fundamental understanding of micrometeorology as applied to various disciplines, including biometeorology, agrometeorology, hydrometeorology, technical meteorology, environmental meteorology, and biogeosciences, through carefully selected examples.A central theme of this book revolves around the crucial issues of transport processes and fluxes between the atmosphere and the underlying surface, with special emphasis on vegetated and heterogeneous surfaces. The authors comprehensively cover theory, measurement techniques, experimental methods, and modeling, presenting these concepts in a manner that can be readily applied for teaching, research, or practical applications.Compared to the second edition, the new features include updates and minor additions in all chapters, as well as selected new content that addresses the challenges posed by climate change.

This book surveys the state of the art in explainable and interpretable reinforcement learning (RL) as relevant for robotics. While RL in general has grown in popularity and been applied to increasingly complex problems, several challenges have impeded the real-world adoption of RL algorithms for robotics and related areas. These include difficulties in preventing safety constraints from being violated and the issues faced by systems operators who desire explainable policies and actions. Robotics applications present a unique set of considerations and result in a number of opportunities related to their physical, real-world sensory input and interactions. The authors consider classification techniques used in past surveys and papers and attempt to unify terminology across the field. The book provides an in-depth exploration of 12 attributes that can be used to classify explainable/interpretable techniques. These include whether the RL method is model-agnostic or model-specific, self-explainable or post-hoc, as well as additional analysis of the attributes of scope, when-produced, format, knowledge limits, explanation accuracy, audience, predictability, legibility, readability, and reactivity. The book is organized around a discussion of these methods broken down into 42 categories and subcategories, where each category can be classified according to some of the attributes. The authors close by identifying gaps in the current research and highlighting areas for future investigation.

This is the third, fully revised edition of a well received book that provides clear practical guidance on all aspects of the penetrating trauma surgical treatment. It aims at fostering the type of strategic thinking that can save patients' lives. The coverage encompasses prehospital care and operative management in penetrating injuries to various body regions and specific organs. Tips, tricks and technical pearls are highlighted by experienced doctors and each chapter includes a list of the most important points to observe. This third edition of Penetrating Trauma has been extensively revised and updated - with inclusion of some entirely new chapters - to take into account the most recent trends in resuscitation, diagnostics, and treatment. It will be an ideal resource for all physicians managing penetrating trauma.

This open access book addresses the important and neglected question of older workers who are excluded from the labour market. It challenges post-capitalist discourses of active ageing with a focus on restrictive end-of-career and retirement measures. The book demonstrates how a paradigm shift is generating real processes of exclusion for important sectors of the population. By providing strong empirical evidence from different contexts, the impact of different life course trajectories on the risks and the opportunities at the end of career are demonstrated. The organisation of workplace and institutional frameworks which reinforce inequalities are also presented. As such the book is an essential reading for students, academics and policy makers who seek to understand how exclusion processes operate to the disadvantage of older workers in the labour market.

Dynamical systems and the twin field ergodic theory have their roots in the qualitative theory of differential equations, developed by the great mathematician Henri Poincaré, and in the kinetic theory of gases built in mathematical terms by physicists James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann. Together, they aim to model, explain and predict the behavior of natural and artificial phenomena which evolve in time. For more than three decades, Marcelo Viana has been making several outstanding contributions to this area of mathematics. This volume contains a selection of his research papers, covering a wide range of topics: rigorous theory of strange attractors, physical measures, bifurcation theory, homoclinic phenomena, fractal dimensions, partial hyperbolicity, thermodynamic formalism, non-uniform hyperbolicity, interval exchange maps Teichmüller flows, and the modern theory of Lyapunov exponents. Marcelo Viana, a world leader in this field, has been the object of several academic distinctions, such as the inaugural Ramanujan prize of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, and the Louis D. Scientific Grand Prix of the Institut de France. He is also recognized for his broad contribution to the mathematical community, in his country and region as well as in the international arena.

Chinäs economic achievements laid solid foundations for RMB's international standing. By the end of 2022, China accounted for 18.6% of the global economy and 14.4% of world exports.However, there is a huge gap between the yuan¿s growing prominence and its global use. RMB remains underutilized compared to the U.S. dollar. This book attempts to fill this gap from the view of the systemic importance of the RMB exchange rate, an angle that could be easily overlooked. We argue that pricing is too important to be relegated to an afterthought. The change of RMB exchange rate could have a systemic impact on the global financial system. Furthermore, we present substantial evidence that RMB is gaining importance globally and regionally as an anchor currency and safe-haven currency, indicating that RMB is becoming systemically important despite its relatively limited international use.It is important to understand in depth that the force that has helped fuel Chinäs rapid economic growth over the past few decades has been globalization and that market reform and opening up are the pillars of RMB internationalization. Currently, the new trends of anti-globalization and de-financialization have emerged. The global monetary and financial system must be reframed according to the financial needs of socially sustainable activities to prevent systemic instability and system-wide economic/social catastrophes. Against this backdrop, further internationalization of RMB should serve the real sectors in high-quality economic development.

This book focuses on tribology in manufacturing processes from the viewpoint of sliding friction fundamentals, the use of lubricants to control friction processes such as machining, drawing, rolling, extrusion, abrasive processes, and processing at micro and nanoscales. To study tribological behavior, it is essential to know the methods of measuring and describing the surface shape and roughness. The friction and wear, their corresponding coefficients, and their main mechanisms are described, including stick-slip effects, adhesion, and plowing. Adhesive, abrasive, erosive, and erosion-corrosion wear mechanisms. Friction¿wear relationships are elaborated, and wear maps are presented. Surface interactions depend on the contacting materials and surface shape. It is a function of the production process and nature of parent materials that are found to be rough, where roughness is characterized by asperities of varying amplitudes and spacing. Surface interactions are dependent both on thecontacting materials and the shape of the surface. The distribution of the asperities is directional when the finishing process is direction-dependent, such as turning, milling, etc., and homogeneous for a non-directional finishing process like lapping, electro-polishing.

This book addresses how sustainability discourse and advocacy can translate to impactful policies especially when bridging the divide between sustainability, climate change and gender. The book explores various areas, such as conservation, climate action, sustainable fashion, and corporate sustainability, and defines the existing sustainability gaps in the selected cases (country/sector/region). It highlights the value of sustainability science and climate change on innovative approaches to research, education, capacity-building, and practice to transform rhetoric into impact sustainability while encompassing cases from various industries, sectors, and geographical contexts. While emphasizing SDG 5, the book chapters also show the transboundary implications of gender equality and inclusivity to other sustainable development and climate change goals and targets. The contributions are exemplary in highlighting the relation of gender inclusivity in strengthening efforts to protect andsafeguard the world¿s cultural and natural heritage and making cities and human settlements inclusive and safe (Goal 11), protecting, restoring, and promoting sustainable management of terrestrial ecosystems and reverse land degradation (Goal 15), ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all (Goal 7), promoting sustainable and inclusive economic growth with productive and decent employment for all (Goal 8), promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization (Goal 9), adopt policies to reduce inequalities (Goal 10), ensure sustainable consumption and production pattern (Goal 12), addressing climate change impacts and building resilience (Goal 13), and ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all (Goal 6).

This non-fictional, yet storytelling, book questions the role of cars and their impact, both for now and in the future. It is not enough to just consider autonomous driving, driving bans in Europe, and combustion engines. Our future and the future of our cities and country living depend on how we can coordinate different needs and different means. Finally, we ask ourselves: What is the status of the car today and in the future? Are we living and working in vehicles more than ever? And who benefits from autonomous driving and what are we giving up for it? In this book, the editor's work illustrates and critically assesses the role of cars. It showcases project examples and introduces easy to use checklists. The authors show how the car influences our business and private lives, and how the car stimulates our appetite for adventures, recreation, and survival. Emerging throughout more than a century, purposefully deployed, and innovativelyused, the automobile grew into our mobility DNA beyond horsepower and equipment. The car has been evolving into an adventure space, a survival and a growth space. The editor and authoring team present innovative services, digital use cases and smart data that are worth considering. The concept of Smart Mobility offers the possibility to retrieve the appropriate means of transport for individual and freight traffic in a forward-looking, digital, and intermodal way. Smart Mobility in practice: Good car, bad car, no car by DoktorB Barbara Fluegge and team is aimed at decision-makers and entrepreneurs, as well as project managers and their teams, in the context of smart city and digitail transformation projects. Numerous checklists and a comprehensive glossary make the book an important tool for practical use in pre- and post-preparation of projects and lectures in the field of Smart Mobility, Smart City, Smart Regions. Business Development and Digital Humanism.

^ the="" study="" of="" convex="" polyhedra="" in="" ordinary="" space="" is="" a="" central="" piece="" classical="" and="" modern="" geometry="" that="" has="" had="" significant="" impact="" on="" many="" areas="" mathematics="" also="" computer="" science.="" present="" book="" project="" by="" joseph="" o'rourke="" costin="" vîlcu="" brings="" together="" two="" important="" strands="" subject="" --="" combinatorics="" polyhedra, ="" intrinsic="" underlying="" surface.="" this="" leads="" to="" remarkable="" interplay="" concepts="" come="" life="" wide="" range="" very="" attractive="" topics="" concerning="" polyhedra.="" gets="" message="" across="" thetheory="" although="" with="" roots, ="" still="" much="" alive="" today="" continues="" be="" inspiration="" basis="" lot="" current="" research="" activity.="" work="" presented="" manuscript="" interesting="" applications="" discrete="" computational="" geometry, ="" as="" well="" other="" mathematics.="" treated="" detail="" include="" unfolding="" onto="" surfaces, ="" continuous="" flattening="" convexity="" theory="" minimal="" length="" enclosing="" polygons.="" along="" way, ="" open="" problems="" suitable="" for="" graduate="" students="" are="" raised, ="" both="" aThe focus of this monograph is converting--reshaping--one 3D convex polyhedron to another via an operation the authors call "tailoring." A convex polyhedron is a gem-like shape composed of flat facets, the focus of study since Plato and Euclid. The tailoring operation snips off a corner (a "vertex") of a polyhedron and sutures closed the hole. This is akin to Johannes Kepler's "vertex truncation," but differs in that the hole left by a truncated vertex is filled with new surface, whereas tailoring zips the hole closed. A powerful "gluing" theorem of A.D. Alexandrov from 1950 guarantees that, after closing the hole, the result is a new convex polyhedron. Given two convex polyhedra P, and Q inside P, repeated tailoringallows P to be reshaped to Q. Rescaling any Q to fit inside P, the result is universal: any P can be reshaped to any Q. This is one of the main theorems in Part I, with unexpected theoretical consequences.Part II carries out a systematic study of "vertex-merging," a technique that can be viewed as a type of inverse operation to tailoring. Here the start is P which is gradually enlarged as much as possible, by inserting new surface along slits. In a sense, repeated vertex-merging reshapes P to be closer to planarity. One endpoint of such a process leads to P being cut up and "pasted" inside a cylinder. Then rolling the cylinder on a plane achieves an unfolding of P. The underlying subtext is a question posed by Geoffrey Shephard in 1975 and already implied by drawings by Albrecht Dürer in the 15th century: whether every convex polyhedron can be unfolded to a planar "net." Toward this end, the authors initiate an exploration of convexity on convex polyhedra, a topic rarely studiedin the literature but with considerable promise for future development.This monograph uncovers new research directions and reveals connections among several, apparently distant, topics in geometry: Alexandrov's Gluing Theorem, shortest paths and cut loci, Cauchy's Arm Lemma, domes, quasigeodesics, convexity, and algorithms throughout. The interplay between these topics and the way the main ideas develop throughout the book could make the "journey" worthwhile for students and researchers in geometry, even if not directly interested in specific topics. Parts of the material will be of interest and accessible even to undergraduates. Although the proof difficulty varies from simple to quite intricate, with some proofs spanning several chapters, many examples and 125 figures help ease the exposition and illustrate the concepts.^>

This book focuses on Coastal and Ocean Navigation with an emphasis on digital navigation (using ECDIS) and would be useful to both experienced seafarers as an aide memoire, and also to cadets and trainees embarking on their maritime careers.The text has been developed for modern day ship's navigator in the 'digital era'. It is written from the perspective that the reader's vessel will be navigated using an IMO type-approved electronic chart and display information system (ECDIS) as opposed to traditional chart-based passage planning. As such, the book focuses on the main principles associated with position and direction of the earth's surface, geodesy projects and grids, digital navigation, electronic chart and data information systems, fixing, internal aids to navigation and systems, external aids to navigation, tides and currents, ocean navigation, coastal navigation, pilotage and blind pilotage, anchoring, navigational errors, relative velocity, and bridge organisation and management.

MATRIX is Australia's international and residential mathematical research institute. It facilitates new collaborations and mathematical advances through intensive residential research programs, each 1-2 weeks in duration. This book is a scientific record of the 24 programs held at MATRIX in 2021-2022, including tandem workshops with Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach (MFO), with Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences Kyoto University (RIMS), and with Sydney Mathematical Research Institute (SMRI).

Molecular hydrogen (H2) has emerged as a promising therapeutic and preventive medical gas. Hydrogen gas has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. H2 exhibits exceptional pharmacokinetics, swiftly traversing cellular biomembranes to access subcellular organelles indirectly regulating hormones and cytokines through various signal transduction pathways. H2 has the potential to address a wide range of issues, including clinical medical treatment in the areas of healthcare: myocardial ischemia, heart failure, cardiac arrest, metabolic syndrome, advanced-stage cancer, inflammatory diseases, Alzheimer's dementia, aging-related disorders, sports activities, and even beauty, agriculture, etc.Selected world-known authors in the field provide readers with a comprehensive overview of molecular hydrogen's remarkable effects and its physical, chemical, and therapeutic properties and potential in biomedical applications. This contributed volume fills the current gap in information and is intended for everyone who wants to be better informed about the wide possibilities of using molecular hydrogen. However, it is mainly intended for use by medical students, physiologists, pharmacologists, physicians, and other healthcare personnel who can use molecular hydrogen to improve the health of everyone who needs it.

This book, for the first time, collects important current topics in the area of sign language translation in a single volume. The topic is introduced more generally to benefit newcomers to the field before diving into the current state-of-the-art methods of Sign Language Machine Translation (SLMT), together with an in-depth description of issues specific to this topic, including: an introduction to and historical overview of SLMT; ethical issues related to the engagement of and with deaf users; the importance of data; the sign languages of Europe; sign language recognition and synthesis, including via avatars; data-driven and linguistically-informed models of SLMT; gloss translation; fingerspelling; SLMT communication; and SLMT in practice. Of interest to MT developers and users as well as people working in deaf studies, this volume presents cutting-edge research on machine translation in the field of deaf studies.

This book delivers a broad and concise look at advanced metallic materials used for dental applications. Due to their excellent mechanical and biological properties, the use of metallic materials in dentistry has continued since time immemorial. In that sense, this book aims to bring the readers closer to the specific purpose of dental metallic materials meeting specific criteria and materials properties such as biocompatibility, non-toxicity, resistance to corrosion, long-term durability, appropriate strength and toughness, as well as corresponding values of modulus of elasticity. Following a comprehensive introduction to the field, the book discusses topical issues such as the long-term stability of dental titanium implants, processing of cobalt-chrome dental alloys, emerging gold dental alloys, and novel nanofoils used for dental joining. Featuring numerous illustrative examples of experimental outcomes, this book is an ideal resource for materials scientists and metallurgists working on advanced alloys for dental applications.

Today, emerging technologies offer a new pathway for advancing the economy in the fields of banking, finance, and capital markets. Blockchain applications play a crucial role in ensuring trust and security within these industries by relying on transparency and visibility through peer-to-peer networks. The banking industry has also witnessed increased operations speed, better transparency, efficiency enhancement, fraud extenuation at less cost while sharing real-time data between various parties. Thus, the adoption of blockchain in the Banking and Insurance industry is developing very fast. It has emerged as the commonly accepted default platform for the banking and insurance industry.This book explores how blockchain technology optimizes and integrates transactions and operations, facilitating easier access to information. This, in turn, has the potential to reduce communication costs and minimize minor data transfer errors. Additionally, the book delves into the current applications of blockchain technology in the financial industry, discusses its limitations, and outlines its future prospects for broader accessibility.This book is aimed at students and researchers in financial engineering and fintech and it can serve as a reference for identifying problem areas and their possible solutions.

This book presents a brief history of papermaking followed by comments regarding wood as a source of fibers, including its chemical and anatomical characteristics and the influence of these aspects on the quality of the pulp produced. In addition, the author describes the effects of the pulping process, mainly a chemical process, on pulp quality and how these wood characteristics influence both the refining process as the quality of the final paper. The book further provides a broad discussion, based on experimental results, on the contribution of the main operating refining variables and the main strategies that can be used industrially to optimize the operating results. From this evaluation, the parameter that complements the specific edge load theory is identified. This parameter is related to the retention time of the fiber flocs inside the refiner.

The objective of this open access book is to present protocols, methodologies, and standard operating procedures (SOPs) used for the identification of sources, transport, and fate of agro-contaminants and illustrate them with several case studies of successful applications. The Soil and Water Management & Crop Nutrition (SWMCN) Subprogramme of the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, through a Coordinated Research Project (CRP) in partnership with national and international research institutes, developed and evaluated a set of analytical techniques (the toolbox). The toolbox integrates multiple isotope tracers that provide information on the origins and pathways of multiple pollutants through agro-ecosystems, thereby providing more accurate guidance on mitigations. However, land management strategies to address and control the transport of pollutants from soil to water bodies remain the shared responsibility of farm and aquaculture operators, agro-chemical manufacturers, and policymakers in food and agriculture as well as the mining sectors. This book is structured into eight chapters covering (i) an overview of the book's content, (ii) guidelines for designing water sampling programmes, (iii) the use of mixing models applicable to tracers for water pollution studies, (iv) compound-specific isotope analyses to investigate pesticide degradation in agricultural catchments, (v) the use of stable oxygen isotope composition of phosphate to investigate phosphorous in soil-plant continuum, (vi) the use of stable sulphur isotopes to disentangle agro-pollutants from other contaminants, (vii) nuclear tools used in sediment source apportionment, and (viii) the conclusions and perspectives forward. The book offers up-to-date information, and we hope it is a great source of information for students, researchers, and policymakers. The SWMCN subprogramme thanks all the contributors involved in the preparation of this publication.

This book reviews China's strategic pathway over the last 1000 years and considers its prospects for ascending to high-income status by the end of the 21st century. It analyzes why, although China's chances of joining the global core are sound, they are not outstanding; in addition, it faces mounting challenges, internal and external alike. The argument is presented in the framework of dynamic-strategy theory, which is expounded here in novel form. This exposition includes a wide ranging survey of global history, with a focus on the development of the industrialisation paths of the major economies of today, including a detailed study of Japan's long-run strategic pathway. The book's closing section presents a scenario-based discussion of China's potential place in the world in 2100. The analysis implies that China's zenith is likely to be reached slightly before mid-century, after which its relative economic scale will likely decline. Beyond that generalfinding, the scenarios investigate the wide range of plausible outcomes that China may experience: a range that the author contends is much wider for China than for nations under-pinned by less complex political-economies. Given its scope, the book will appeal to scholars of history, economics, geopolitics and sinology, and to anyone interested in learning about China's economic prospects at a time of increasingly heated ideological and empirical debates.

This two-volume set constitutes selected papers presented during the First International Conference on Advanced Computing, Machine Learning, Robotics and Internet Technologies, AMRIT 2023, held in Silchar, India, in March 2023.The 20 full papers and 27 short papers presented were thoroughly reviewed and selected from 110 submissions. They cover the following topics: artificial intelligence, machine learning, natural language processing, image processing, data science, soft computing techniques, computer networks and security, computer architecture and algorithms.

This two-volume set constitutes selected papers presented during the First International Conference on Advanced Computing, Machine Learning, Robotics and Internet Technologies, AMRIT 2023, held in Silchar, India, in March 2023.The 20 full papers and 27 short papers presented were thoroughly reviewed and selected from 110 submissions. They cover the following topics: artificial intelligence, machine learning, natural language processing, image processing, data science, soft computing techniques, computer networks and security, computer architecture and algorithms.

This book discusses the advances in sensor technologies and sensing efficiency. It highlights different sensor applications, including humidity, gas, fluorescent, biological, optical, radiation, etc. The chapters discuss recycled and biodegradable materials-based sensors as well as sensing techniques and theories. The different approaches employed to modify the electrode surfaces of sensors to lower the overpotential, enhance sensitivity to enrich the desired species and/or lessen the influence of interferences are also covered. This handbook is structured in seven sections including fundamentals of sensor technologies, types of sensors, and medical, biological, environmental, and industrial applications of sensors.

The book provides a condensed overview of the diagnostics, genetics and current treatment options for congenital corneal opacities and dysgenesis of the anterior segment of the eye. Concise yet detailed presentation of the most important clinical congenital corneal opacities and their differential diagnoses including color illustrations are depicted throughout the book.Diagnosis and Surgical Therapy of Infantile Corneal Opacities includes up-to-date and scientifically reviewed therapy options for specific congenital corneal diseases. Ophthalmologists seeking a clear and concise congenital corneal disease reference guide will find this book to be an indispensable resource in their daily clinical practice.

This book offers various techniques for measurement of thermodynamic quantities of materials such as enthalpy, free energy, and entropy. Techniques described herein include calorimetry, chemical equilibria, vapour pressure, and electrochemical analysis. The book covers general and solution thermodynamics in Chapters 1 and 2, respectively, and highlights the significance of various thermodynamic quantities required for materials characterization and development in Chapter 3. The author goes on to discuss different thermodynamic measurement techniques in detail (Chapters 4-8) together with a set of more than fifty worked-out problems related to classical as well as solution thermodynamics and measurement techniques. (Chapter 9).Topics include but are not limited to the following:The significance of various thermodynamic data required for selection and characterization of materials.The physicochemical principles involved in various thermodynamic measurement and on the evaluation of thermodynamic data by phase diagram analyses. The unique combination of calorimetry and chemical equilibrium for simultaneous determination of partial molar enthalpy and partial molar free energy of hydrogen in metals and alloys.The special technique based on the combination of vapor pressure and electrical conductivity to study the effect of tellurium vapor pressure on the mode of conduction in polycrystalline cadmium telluride.

This book is based on the accepted papers for presentation at the 2nd MedGU Annual Meeting, Marrakesh 2022. It presents a series of newest research studies that are nowadays relevant mainly to Middle East, Mediterranean region, and Africa. It includes major subjects related to hydrology, hydrogeology, hydrogeochemistry including, but not limited to, isotope hydrology, groundwater models, water resources and systems, and related subjects. It also includes research studies on biogeochemistry which mainly focus on the interactions between life and the chemical cycles in the Earth system. Some case studies on geobiology and geoecology investigate the structure and function of geoecosystems, their components, and their environment. The book also presents major subjects related to atmospheric, oceanic, meteorology and climatic science with recent developments in the field. By cutting across these traditional subject boundaries, this book brings together the major elements that are important for understanding the weather, climate, water systems, and geoecosystems in these regions.