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In this provocative, wide-ranging history of how the continent of Europe came to be conceived as divided into "Western Europe" and "Eastern Europe," the author shows that it was not a natural distinction, or even an innocent one, but instead was a work of cultural creation, of intellectual artifice, of ideological self-interest and self-promotion.
For decades the controversy has raged: Was the Pearl Harbor disaster a result of criminal negligence by military officers in the Pacific theater? Was it, as some have claimed, a deliberate plot by the President in Washington?It seems unlikely that a country could have so many warnings pointing to the danger, and yet be so unprepared for the event itself. American intelligence could read top-secret Japanese codes and the U.S. was therefore in a posistion to transmit vital information to American commanders throughout the world. Most of the time Washington was able to predict both Japan''s diplomatic moves and its military deployments. But, as this carefully documented book shows, the outlines of danger look sharp today because the disaster has occurred, and an entirely different image emerges upon reconstructing in detail the intelligence picture as it looked to the participants before the event.In 1941 the pieces of the puzzle were dispersed in a number of government agencies. Some were lost in the noise of signals pointing in other directionsΓÇötoward a Japanese advance southward or into Siberia; some were slowed by the normal barriers of bureaucracy; and some were silenced by security requirements. At the center of the decision no one had completed the puzzle.Above all, this book reminds us sharply that detecting a surprise attack will be more difficult in the era of the H-bomb. As the Foreword states: "The danger is not that we shall read the signals and indicators with too little skill; the danger is in a poverty of expectationsΓÇöa routine obsession with a few dangers that may be familiar rather than likely."
Advocates a crucial shift from looking at theory in social science, to the act of theorizing and the construction of theories.
Aimed at an "intellectual trade" audience, Dirty Rotten Strategies discusses how and why organizations and special interest groups of all kinds attempt to trick us into solving the wrong problems precisely.
How can science be brought to connect with experience? This book addresses two challenging problems facing contemporary neurobiology and cognitive science: understanding how we unconsciously execute habitual actions and creating an ethics adequate to our present awareness.
Suitable for all who find the shore a place of excitement, wonder, and beauty, and an introductory text for both students and professionals, this book describes the habits and habitats of the animals that live in one of the most prolific life zones of the world - the rocky shores and tide pools of the Pacific Coast of the United States.
This book offers diverse debates on the possible manifestations and meanings of the term "Middle East."
This book is a definitive, comparative review of the transformation gap between the US and the other members of NATO, and amongst the established and emerging European members.
This is a translation from the critical Aramaic text of the "Zohar". This volume, together with volume two, covers more than half of the "Zohar's" commentary on the "Book of Genesis" (through Genesis 32:3).
Latin American and Latino artists have used photography to engage with modern media landscapes and critique globalized economies since the 1960s. But rarely are these artists considered leaders in discussions about the theory and scholarship of photography or included in conversations about the radical transformations of photography in the digital era.The Matter of Photography in the Americas presents the work of more than eighty artists working in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, South America, and Latino communities in the United States who all have played key roles in transforming the medium and critiquing its uses. Artists like Alfredo Jaar, Oscar Mu├▒oz, Ana Mendieta, and Teresa Margolles highlight photography''s ability to move beyond the impulse simply to document the world at large. Instead, their work questions the relationship between representation and visibility.With nearly 200 full-color images, this book brings together drawings, prints, installations, photocopies, and three-dimensional objects in an investigation and critique of the development and artistic function of photography. Essays on key works and artists shed new light on the ways photographs are made and consumed. Pressing at the boundaries of what defines culturally specific, photography-centric artwork, this book looks at how artists from across the Americas work with and through photography as a critical tool.
A new edition of the 2006 textbook, presenting the most important and influential social psychological theories and research programs in contemporary sociology.
A favorite icon for cigarette manufacturers across China since the mid-twentieth century has been the panda, with factories from Shanghai to Sichuan using cuddly cliché to market tobacco products. The proliferation of panda-branded cigarettes coincides with profound, yet poorly appreciated, shifts in the worldwide tobacco trade. Over the last fifty years, transnational tobacco companies and their allies have fueled a tripling of the world''s annual consumption of cigarettes. At the forefront is the China National Tobacco Corporation, now producing forty percent of cigarettes sold globally. What''s enabled the manufacturing of cigarettes in China to flourish since the time of Mao and to prosper even amidst public health condemnation of smoking? In Poisonous Pandas, an interdisciplinary group of scholars comes together to tell that story. They offer novel portraits of people within the Chinese polity—government leaders, scientists, tax officials, artists, museum curators, and soldiers—who have experimentally revamped the country''s pre-Communist cigarette supply chain and fitfully expanded its political, economic, and cultural influence. These portraits cut against the grain of what contemporary tobacco-control experts typically study, opening a vital new window on tobacco—the single largest cause of preventable death worldwide today.
Traversing the range of problem-solving contexts that make up the frontier of evaluation, this book demonstrates how the tools of the trade can address wicked problems in complex ecologies around the global scale. The editors and authors frame their approach in terms of evaluation's relevance, the relationships that it enables, and the responsibilities that it requires.
Based on unusual and only recently available sources, this book covers the entire Cultural Revolution decade (1966-76), and shows how the Cultural Revolution was experienced by ordinary people at the base of rural and urban society.
This work explores how Renaissance Germans understood and experienced madness. It focuses on topics including: the insanity of the world in general; specific disorders; the thinking on madness of theologians, jurists, and physicians; and vernacular ideas that made sufferers seek help.
In the spring of 1898, thousands of peasants and townspeople in western Galicia rioted against their Jewish neighbors. Attacks took place in more than 400 communities in this northeastern province of the Habsburg Monarchy, in present-day Poland and Ukraine. Jewish-owned homes and businesses were ransacked and looted, and Jews were assaulted, threatened, and humiliated, though not killed. Emperor Franz Joseph signed off on a state of emergency in thirty-three counties and declared martial law in two. Over five thousand individualsΓÇöpeasants, day-laborers, city council members, teachers, shopkeepersΓÇöwere charged with myriad offenses.Seeking to make sense of this violence and its aftermath, The Plunder examines the circulation of antisemitic ideas within Galicia against the political backdrop of the Habsburg state. Daniel Unowsky sees the 1898 anti-Jewish riots as evidence not of Galician backwardness and barbarity, but of a late nineteenth-century Europe reeling from economic, cultural, and political transformations wrought by mass politics, literacy, industrialization, capitalist agriculture, and government expansion. Through its nuanced analysis of the riots as a form of "exclusionary violence," this book offers new insights into the upsurge of the antisemitism that accompanied the emergence of mass politics in Europe at the turn of the twentieth century.
This volume explores how industries organize their global operations, through case studies of seven manufacturing industries. The chapters provide a nuanced understanding of the complex matrix of factor costs, access to inimitable capabilities, and time-based pressures that influence where firms decide to locate particular segments of the value chain.
This is the most comprehensive history to date of the Truman Administration's progressive embroilment in the cold war, and it presents a stunning new interpretation of U.S. national security policy during the formative stages of the Soviet-American rivalry. Illustrated with 15 halftones and 10 maps.
This pioneering study poses three main questions: Were women's roles in this era as narrow and unimportant as has been assumed? To what extent were women dominated by men? Can significant differences be found betweeen younger and older women, married and single, upper class and lower class?
This book is the final volume of a comprehensive, fully annotated, three-volume edition of letters written by Robinson and Una Jeffers.
This far-reaching volume reasserts the significance of class and gender for understanding socioeconomic conditions. The contributors urge a nuanced approach that focuses on the specific institutional contexts of class-gender relations in various advanced industrial nations.
This work critically examines standard assumptions of transitional justice through the lens of survivors' standpoints, and argues for more responsive and place-based approaches to social reconstruction after mass violence and egregious human rights violations.
This is a study of literary representations of the controversial 17th-century Cossack Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky in Ukrainian, Polish, Russian, Yiddish, and Hebrew.
This book explores the decision of Grand Duke Cosimo I de' Medici to create a ghetto in Florence, and explains how a Jewish community developed out of that forced population transfer.
Romantic novelists Ann Radcliffe, Sir Walter Scott, and Mary Shelley were keen tourists and influential contributors to the discourse of Romantic tourism. The shaping power of this discourse affected not only what they saw and felt on tour but also how they imagined their greatest novels. This is a study of these two cultural innovations.
From 1637 to the middle of the eighteenth century, Venice was the world center for operatic activity. This reference work provides an ordering of 800 operas and 650 related works from the period 1660 to 1760. It provides information on about 1500 works.
This book examines the many different ways in which women achieved public standing and exercised political power in England from the middle of the 18th century to the present. It shows how rank, property, and inheritance could confer de facto power on privileged women who overawed enfranchised men of lower social standing.
This work traces the abstraction and anonymity of the bodies making machines dance, in the codes of modernisms graphic and choreographic and in the streamlined gestures of industry, avant-garde art and entertainment.
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