Books published by University Press of the Pacific

Producer gas is generated from solid fuels such as wood, charcoal, coal, peat, and agricultural residues. Although it has been used to power internal combustion engines since their invention, it has been largely overlooked for the past 50 years. During the early 1940s, when petroleum supplies for civilian use ran out in Europe, Asia, and Australia, producer gas was responsible for putting trucks, buses, taxis, tractors and other vehicles back on the roads, and boats back on the rivers. In 1939 Europe operated about 9,000 gas producer buses and trucks, and there were almost none on any other continent. By 1941, however, about 450,000 vehicles were in operation in all parts of the world, and by 1942 the number had grown to approximately 920,000. Gas producers were then in use not only in land vehicles, but also in boats, barges, and stationary engines. By 1946 more than a million motorized devices around the world operated on producer gas. In Europe and Asia alone, the use of producer gas in the 1940s contributed to saving millions of people from starvation. Basically, producer gas is made when a thin stream of air passes through a bed of glowing coals. The coals may come from the burning of wood, charcoal, coke, coal, peat, or from wastes such as corn cobs, peanut shells, sawdust, bagasse, and paper. (In some cases these materials must be pressed into bricks or pellets before they will produce adequate coals, and special generators may also be needed.)

Introduction to the Theory and Design of Engineering Machinery and Equipment Aboard Ship Digitally Reproduced from First Edition 1958 ALSO AVAILABLE: Order Principles of Naval Engineering Addendum - Color Diagrams ISBN: 978-0-9825854-4-3

Aerodynamic theory was not prepared to offer assistance in the early development of the airplane. The scientific community, most qualified for action at the forefront of human endeavor, often turns out in practice to be surprisingly conservative. It is recorded that Lord Rayleigh expressed "not the smallest molecule of faith in aerial navigation, except by balloon." It was not until experiments such as those of Lilienthal and Langley and the successful powered flights of the Wright brothers that correct theories for the aerodynamic action of wings were developed. Following the successful demonstrations of the Wright brothers, aerodynamic theory developed rapidly, primarily in European laboratories. These developments we associate with the names Joukowsky, Kutta, Prandtl and his students, Munk, Betz, and Von Karman. It should not be forgotten that the writings of F. W. Lanchester provide many of the physical insights that were elaborated in these mathematical theories. Throughout World War I, these developments in aerodynamic theory remained virtually unknown in the U.S. However, in the early 1920's, the U.S. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics undertook to translate or otherwise make available important works on aerodynamic theory in the form of NACA Technical Reports, Notes, and Memoranda, and to encourage similar effort in its own laboratory. At the present time, many of these old NACA documents are no longer readily available and it seems worthwhile to collect the most important early works under the title "Classical Aerodynamics." In most cases, the theories are explained in the author's own words and often with a degree of clarity unequalled in later interpretations. R. T. Jones Senior Staff Scientist NASA-Ames Research Center June 18, 1979CONTENTSPrefaceApplications of Modern Hydrodynamics to Aeronautics L. PrandtlThe Mechanism of Fluid Resistance Th. v. Karman and H. RubachPressure Distribution on Joukowski Wings Otto BlumenthalGraphic Construction of Joukowski Wings E. TrefftzThe Minimum Induced Drag of Aerofoils Max M. Mun KThe Aerodynamic Forces on Airship Hulls Max M. MunkElements of the Wing Section Theory and of the Wing Theory Max M. MunkRemarks on the Pressure Distribution over the Surface of an Ellipsoid, Moving Translationally Through a Perfect Fluid Max M. MunkThe Inertia Coefficients of an Airship in a Frictionless Fluid H. BatemanFlow and Drag Formulas for Simple Quadrics A. F. ZahmFlow and Force Equations for a Body Revolving In a Fluid A. F. ZahmBehavior of Vortex Systems A. BetzGeneral Potential Theory of Arbitrary Wing Sections T. Theodorsen and I. E. GarrickGeneral Theory of Aerodynamic Instability and the Mechanism of Flutter Theodore Theodorsen

Most experienced trail crews try to avoid wetlands because of the construction and maintenance problems they pose. Little has been published on wetland trail construction, and materials that are available are often outmoded or are too regionally focused. By pulling this information together from our experiences, we hope to answer questions you didn't even know you had. In this manual we have described the common techniques for building a wetland trail. We have also included information on some of the more unusual materials and tools. Some of the techniques and tools we describe are suitable for wilderness situations where mechanized equipment cannot be used. Others are suitable for urban greenbelts where a wider range of techniques, material, and equipment can be used. Somewhere in between are the back-country sites where machines are permitted, but access and logistics are challenges. Although this book is written for wetland trails, the techniques described can also be used for correcting other poorly drained low areas in existing trails. The manual is written for those who are untrained and inexperienced in wetland trail construction, but those with experience may learn a few things, too.

Among the most important contributions the National Park Service has made since its founding in 1916 has been the development of extraordinary museum technology and administration---national in scope and international in influence. This manual, a distillation of what many persons have learned about the day-to-day operations of museums, is meant to provide curatorial standards and serve as a reference for museum workers everywhere. This book was written by Ralph H. Lewis, an outstanding museum administrator and curator with many years of experience in the National Park Service. It is an outgrowth of an earlier (1941) volume entitled Field Manual for Museums by Ned J. Burns, a work that went out of print during World War II and is, even to this day, in demand by curators and museum managers. In this present manual, Mr. Lewis carries on a tradition of excellence in museum practice that can be traced back to the mid-1930's when Carl P. Russell set the basic pattern for museum work in the national parks. In those early years most park museums could not afford or were too small to engage a full time professional museum staff. Dr. Russell set up centralized laboratories staffed by curators and preparators and provided the parks with exhibition and preservation expertise from this pool. The ordinary maintenance and operation of the museums were left to the superintendents who managed the parks, and to the archeologists, historians and naturalists who interpreted them.

Timber's strength, light weight, and energy-absorbing properties furnish features desirable for bridge construction. Timber is capable of supporting short-term overloads without adverse effects. Contrary to popular belief, large wood members provide good fire resistance qualities that meet or exceed those of other materials in severe fire exposures. From an economic standpoint, wood is competitive with other materials on a first-cost basis and shows advantages when life cycle costs are compared. Timber bridges can be constructed in virtually any weather conditions, without detriment to the material. Wood is not damaged by continuous freezing and thawing and resists harmful effects of de-icing agents, which cause deterioration in other bridge materials. Timber bridges do not require special equipment for installation and can normally be constructed without highly skilled labor. They also present a natural and aesthetically pleasing appearance, particularly in natural surroundings. The misconception that wood provides a short service life has plagued timber as a construction material. Although wood is susceptible to decay or insect attack under specific conditions, it is inherently a very durable material when protected from moisture. Many covered bridges built during the 19th century have lasted over 100 years because they were protected from direct exposure to the elements. In modem applications, it is seldom practical or economical to cover bridges; however, the use of wood preservatives has extended the life of wood used in exposed bridge applications. Using modem application techniques and preservative chemicals, wood can now be effectively protected from deterioration for periods of 50 years or longer. In addition, wood treated with preservatives requires little maintenance and no painting. Another misconception about wood as a bridge material is that its use is limited to minor structures of no appreciable size. This belief is probably based on the fact that trees for commercial timber are limited in size and are normally harvested before they reach maximum size. Although tree diameter limits the size of sawn lumber, the advent of glued-laminated timber (glulam) some 40 years ago provided designers with several compensating alternatives. Glulam, which is the most widely used modem timber bridge material, is manufactured by bonding sawn lumber laminations together with waterproof structural adhesives. Thus, glulam members are virtually unlimited in depth, width, and length and can be manufactured in a wide range of shapes. Glulam provides higher design strengths than sawn lumber and provides better utilization of the available timber resource by permitting the manufacture of large wood structural elements from smaller lumber sizes. Technological advances in laminating over the past four decades have further increased the suitability and performance of wood for modern highway bridge applications.

For Stirling engines to enjoy widespread application and acceptance, not only must the fundamental operation of such engines be widely understood, but the requisite analytic tools for the stimulation, design, evaluation and optimization of Stirling engine hardware must be readily available.The purpose of this design manual is to provide an introduction to Stirling cycle heat engines, to organize and identify the available Stirling engine literature, and to identify, organize, evaluate and, in so far as possible, compare non-proprietary Stirling engine design methodologies.This report was originally prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the U. S. Department of Energy.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

CONTENTSIntroductionGeneral --- Joint Service Responsibility --- Maintenance Standards, Policies, and Criteria --- Terminology --- Planning --- Preparation for Work --- Access to Work --- SafetyTimber StructuresPreservation of Wood --- Inspection --- MaintenanceConcrete StructuresConcrete Technology --- Causes and Types of Deterioration --- Methods of Inspection --- Repair Methods Stone Masonry StructuresIntroduction --- Method of Inspection --- Methods of Repair Rubble-Mound StructuresStructural Components --- Causes and Types of Deterioration --- Inspection --- Methods of RepairStructures Involving SoilSoil Description --- Soil Placement --- Inspection --- RepairSteel StructuresCorrosion --- Protective Coatings --- Cathodic Protection --- Substitute Materials for Steel --- Inspection --- Maintenance of Steel StructuresPlastic and Elastomeric StructuresTypes of Materials --- Construction TechniquesReferencesGlossaryAppendicesDiver Inspection of Structures --- Inspection, Documentation, Maintenance, and Certification of Graving DocksIndex

CONTENTSGibbon's Early Life Up To the Time of His Leaving OxfordAt LausanneIn the MilitiaThe Italian JourneyLiterary Schemes. - The History of Switzerland - Dissertation on the Sixth Eneid. - Father's Death. - Settlement in LondonLife in London. - Parliament. - The Board of Trade. - The Decline and Fall. - Migration to LausanneThe First Three Volumes of the Decline and FallThe Last Ten Years of His Life at LausanneThe Last Three Volumes of the Decline and FallLast Illness. - Death. - Conclusion